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PubMed2004

Research in intelligent biomedical clothing vs. realities in the European textile business.

In order to make intelligent biomedical clothing a market reality, a critical mass of scientific, technical and industrial capacities from various disciplines and industries must be successfully brought together. The textiles and clothing sector, i.e. the industry that transform natural or man-made fibres into yarns then with a myriad of processing options into complex tissues and finally into clothing, is undoubtedly a crucial element in such development. With Europe disposing of the world's most diverse, productive and innovative textiles and clothing industry, in addition to relevant expertise and resources in other scientific disciplines and industrial sectors, it could play a leading role in the advancement of the concept of intelligent biomedical clothing. In this process, a great number of challenges--firstly scientific and technical in nature--still need to be overcome and support from public funding programmes could constitute the necessary trigger for research and industrial efforts to be seriously undertaken. In view of the great benefits of such new products for the individual consumer, national health care systems and the society as a whole, a concerted effort in private-public partnership seems merited.

Biomedical Technology↗

PubMed2004

Biological treatments of textile industrial effluents in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria.

The assessment of the effluents from two textile industries in Ilupeju in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria showed that they were high in conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and contained traces of heavy metals like Ca, Zn but high concentrations of Cr and Pb. These wastewaters are normally discharged into neighbouring water bodies. Five bacterial groups, namely Micrococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Alcaligens sp., Bacillus sp. and Acinetobacter sp. were isolated from these effluents. They were used individually for biotreatment and found to be able to utilize the components of the wastewaters for growth, Bacillus sp. and Acinetobacter sp. being the most efficient utilizers as they were able to reduce BOD to zero. The total viable count (TVC) increased significantly depicting growth of the bacterial population. The pH was regulated from 3.4-6.80 for NSF effluent and 12.2-10.29 for STI effluent. The work emphasises the level of industrial pollution in our environment as wastes are indiscrimately dumped into surrounding water bodies in urban areas, the textile industry being a case study. The treatment of any form of waste before disposal into the environment is important and ensures safety of the populace.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2004

[Thermo-alkali-stable catalase from Thermoascus aurantiacus and its potential use in textile bleaching process].

The effect of growth and fermentation conditions on the production of catalase by T. aurantiacus WSH 03-01 was investigated in shaking flasks. Catalase activity reached 1594 u/mL when the culture was grown on a complex carbon source containing 20 g/L dextrin and 1% (V/V) ethanol, which was 23% higher than the sum produced on 20 g/L dextrin and 1% (V/V) ethanol, respectively. It was concluded that dextrin might act as a major carbon source in the complex, while ethanol was rather a stimulator than a carbon source. The stimulation effect of ethanol on catalase production was postulated to be two aspects; catalase-dependent alcohol metabolism is activated by acute alcohol, thus more catalase need to be synthesized for that use, named direct induction. As for indirect induction, which may result from little amount of H2O2 generation in process of NADH regeneration in respiratory chain. Peptone was shown to be a favorable nitrogen source for catalase production and its optimum concentration was found to be 10 g/L. Catalase production by T. aurantiacus WSH 03-01 was further improved by optimizing the initial pH, volume of medium in flasks as well as the concentration of external H2O2. Under the optimum culture conditions, the activity of catalase reached 2762 u/mL, which was nearly 6.8 times higher than that of the initiate conditions. Furthermore, the potential application of this novel catalase in the treatment of textile bleaching effluents was evaluated. Thermo-and alkaline stability of this catalase was compared with the commercial available catalases produced from bovine and Aspergillus niger. The crude enzyme from T. aurantiacus WSH 03-01 showed stronger stabilities at (70 degrees C, 80 degrees C, 90 degrees C) and (pH 9.0, pH 10.0, pH 11.0) than the other two types of catalases, indicating a great application potential in the clean production process of textile industry.

Catalase↗

PubMed2005

Anaerobic biodecolorization of textile reactive anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyebaths under hypersaline conditions.

The biological decolorization of two industrial, spent textile reactive dyebaths was investigated using a suspended-growth, halophilic mixed culture fed with glucose. Dyebath I contained mainly Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), an anthraquinone dye, whereas dyebath II contained mainly Reactive Blue 21 (RB21), a phthalocyanine dye. Batch assays under anaerobic conditions with the two neutralized dyebaths resulted in 87 and 37% extent of decolorization for dyebaths I and II, respectively. The rate of glucose utilization and the extent of acetate production were impacted in the presence of each dyebath as compared to the control culture. However, dyebath decolorization occurred despite moderate culture inhibition. Reuse of a biologically renovated RB19-containing dyebath in the dyeing process resulted in reproducible but not identical cotton fabric shades as compared to a standard dyeing (i.e., control) using fresh water. This difference is attributed to a variable degree of RB19 aggregation during the dyeing process and is not related to the efficiency of the biodecolorization process. Further improvement of the redyeing efficiency will lead to the development of an in-plant, closed-loop decolorization system resulting in significant water conservation and minimization of textile pollutants such as salt and dyes.

Anthraquinones↗

PubMed2005

Membrane bio-reactor for textile wastewater treatment plant upgrading.

Textile industries carry out several fiber treatments using variable quantities of water, from five to forty times the fiber weight, and consequently generate large volumes of wastewater to be disposed of. Membrane Bio-reactors (MBRs) combine membrane technology with biological reactors for the treatment of wastewater: micro or ultrafiltration membranes are used for solid-liquid separation replacing the secondary settling of the traditional activated sludge system. This paper deals with the possibility of realizing a new section of one existing WWTP (activated sludge + clariflocculation + ozonation) for the treatment of treating textile wastewater to be recycled, equipped with an MBR (76 l/s as design capacity) and running in parallel with the existing one. During a 4-month experimental period, a pilot-scale MBR proved to be very effective for wastewater reclamation. On average, removal efficiency of the pilot plant (93% for COD, and over 99% for total suspended solids) was higher than the WWTP ones. Color was removed as in the WWTP. Anionic surfactants removal of pilot plant was lower than that of the WWTP (90.5 and 93.2% respectively), while the BiAS removal was higher in the pilot plant (98.2 vs. 97.1). At the end cost analysis of the proposed upgrade is reported.

Bioreactors↗

PubMed2005

Advanced oxidation of commercial textile biocides in aqueous solution: effects on acute toxicity and biomass inhibition.

In the present study, the decomposition of two biocides used in the textile finishing process with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) has been studied. Different AOPs, i.e O3/OH-, TiO2/UV-A and Fe2+/H2O2 have been used representing mutually combined components of the chemically and photochemically driven advanced oxidation systems. The course of reaction was examined by changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and acute toxicity towards the water flea Daphnia magna (assessed in terms of the effective dilution ratio LD50). Particular attention has been paid to determine the inhibitory effect of raw and ozonated biocides on biological activated sludge consortium at concentrations typically encountered in textile finishing effluents. Significant oxidation and mineralization of both biocides could be achieved employing ozonation at pH = 11.5 and heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV-A) at pH = 5.0, whereas Fenton's reagent appeared to be less effective in COD and acute toxicity abatement.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

A biomonitoring study on the workers from textile dyeing plants.

We evaluated the genotoxic risk of workers from textile dyeing plants in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were investigated in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of 40 workers and compared to those of 32 age-sex- and habit-matched healthy controls. Groups were selected after a questionnaire administration. Use of Maras powder (a kind of smokeless tobacco) was considered as modulating factor. The SCEs level did not show significant differences between workers and controls. The frequency of CA was significantly higher in workers than in controls. Use of Maras powder was a significant factor to increase the frequencies of SCE and CA in control group. The level of SCE and CA did not correlate with the age whereas there was a significant correlation between years of exposure and CA frequency. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic risk of textile dyers. Protective measures such as masks and gloves are desirable for preventing or minimizing the occupational exposure.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tumors of the excretory urinary tract in workers of the textile industry in the Prato area].

A hospital-based case-control study on bladder and lower urinary tract cancers was conducted in the Prato area, where the textile industry is the main manufacturing sector (about 50,000 employees). "Cases" were male subjects, aged over 15 years in whom urothelial cancer had been diagnosed in the period 1980-1985; controls (two for each case) were subjects of the same sex and age with other urological diseases or cancer of the prostate or testis. Cases and controls were interviewed via a questionnaire on occupational history and personal habits. A positive association was found for subjects who had worked in the textile industry (O.R. = 1.42; C.I. = 1.0-2.0). Analysis by job titles showed positive association for "rag selectors" (O.R. = 4.09; C.I. = 1.39-11.96), whereas no association was found for dyers (O.R. = 0.74; C.I. = 0.29-1.87).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the respiratory system function in girls from the Textile Technical College in Lódź (II)].

The work in textile industry is a risk factor of the development of chronic non-specific diseases of the respiratory tract. Thus the vocational selection for the posts in this industry should particularly take into account the health status of the applying youths. The subjects of the study were 35 girls from Textile Technical College and 42 girls from Grammar School (control group). The girls were examined three times in the succeeding school years. Anthropometric and spirometric examinations were performed. No significant differences between the values of ventilation parameters in both the groups were observed, which indicates that the selection of pupils admitted to the Technical College was proper. During the period of professional training no adverse effects of the industrial environment on the respiratory function could be found either.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Dynamics of natural body resistance of textile industry apprentices].

A study of the natural resistance in the textile plant apprentices affected with the surrounding industrial factors showed that the increase of the apprentices lowered resistance and decreased resistance indices were caused by growing duration of their contacts with the industrial factors. Greater correlation between skin, humoral, cellular protecting barriers and prolonged contacts with the hazardous factors resulted in natural resistance deficiency and marked the "breakdown". The natural resistance indices were considered to reflect adequately the health states of the examined textile plant apprentices.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

[Reactions to fragrances and textiles].

Allergic reactions to fragrances are caused by perfumes and perfume-containing items of our environment. The most important allergen is cinnamic aldehyde. By means of the mixed perfume test recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG), however, we are not able to detect more than half of the patients suffering from perfume allergy. Thus we suggest to make use of two new test series comprising most of the relevant fragrance components. Allergic reactions to textiles are mostly due to textile dyes. Special regard must be given to the disperse dyes of the azo group in nylon stockings and tights. The three most important allergens are disperse yellow 3, disperse orange 3, and disperse red 1. According to our experiments, the sensitizing potency of these dyes is comparatively low. In contrast, two recently introduced azo dyes (disperse blue 106 and 124), which are mainly used in blouses and trousers, proved to be strong sensitizers.

Dermatitis, Contact↗

PubMed1987

[New textile vascular prostheses made of polymer composition materials].

Functional properties of blood vessel prostheses to large degree depend on the longitudinal elasticity of their walls. Theoretical foundations for designing the physico-chemical properties of prostheses walls were worked out, and special methods and measuring apparatuses. New types of vascular textile prostheses make it possible to model biological tissues. The prostheses walls are a composition of polymers of several types of threads differing to large degree in their elasticity. Comparative theoretical and experimental studies on natural blood vessels, blood vessel prostheses (of traditional threads) and new textile prostheses showed that the last mentioned, as far as their elasticity in concerned, are most close to the requirements and that they have good functional properties.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Textiles as aseptic barriers: the past, present, and future.

Operating room drapes and gowns have changed over the years to reflect the changing attitudes toward and thoughts on textiles as asceptic barriers. Although gowning and draping techniques differed from hospital to hospital, by 1900 the importance of these techniques was generally recognized. It was not until 1975, however, that the textile industry was charged with the responsibility for developing performance standrads for gowning the draping materials.

Antisepsis↗

PubMed1982

[Stress-induced and degenerative changes in the upper limbs and cervical spine of textile workers].

Screening, radiological and oscillometric tests showed, in 758 textile workers, overloaded muscles and osseo-articular system as well as degenerative and productive changes in upper limb and cervical spine. Pains and radiological as well as degenerative and productive changes in acromial girdle joints and cervical spine occurred predominantly in weaving women aged 41-50, employed for over 20 years. The disease has been found to result from occupational exposure. The authors suggest that a greater attention be paid to the prevention of overloading, degenerative and productive pathologies in textile workers.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗

PubMed1994

[Clinical and functional evaluation of myometrial contractility in female textile workers].

Female textile workers and women engaged into nonindustrial work were subjected to the examination including myometrium contractility, vegetative regulation, serum sex steroids level, some biochemical and histochemical parameters. The observed features of myometrium contractility in female textile workers were proved to associate with overactive vegetative regulation, hormonal disbalance and changes in some biochemical and histochemical parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Accelerated healing of cardiovascular textiles promoted by an RGD peptide.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron polyester) fabrics are used extensively in cardiovascular devices, e.g. heart valve sewing cuffs and vascular prostheses. While devices containing these fabrics are generally successful, it is recognized that fabrics cause complications prior to tissue ingrowth due to their thrombogenic nature. A surface active synthetic peptide, called PepTite Coating (PepTite), which was modeled after the cell attachment domain of human fibronectin has been marketed as a biocompatible coating. This peptide stimulates cell attachment through the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. Modification of medical implants with PepTite has been shown to promote ingrowth of surrounding cells into the material leading to better tissue integration, reduced inflammation and reduced fibrotic encapsulation. In this study, polyester and PTFE textiles were modified with PepTite. The effectiveness of this coating in enhancing wound healing was investigated in a simple vascular and cardiac valve model. Our results indicate that the RGD-containing peptide, PepTite, promoted the formation of an endothelial-like cell layer on both polyester and PTFE vascular patches in the dog model. PepTite was also found to promote the formation of a significantly thinner neointima (pannus) on polyester as compared to that on its uncoated control. These results were corroborated in the cardiac valve model in which a greater amount of thin pannus and less thrombus were seen on coated polyester sewing cuffs than on control uncoated cuffs. This research shows the promising tissue response to RGD coated textiles and the potential role of this peptide in material passivation via accelerated healing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

[Respiratory symptoms in the textile industry. Their prevalence in the Vale do Ave].

Some workers in the textile industry have respiratory symptoms related to their occupation. This study is aimed at evaluating the frequency of respiratory symptoms in textile industries in the North of Portugal. We evaluated 3529 workers from 20 factories (19 deal with synthetic fibres and cotton and the other deals with sisal.) Among the workers, there were 34.5% with respiratory symptoms - 24,5% referred nasal symptoms, 22,6% with bronchial symptoms and 12,6% associated both. The workers who dealt with cotton presented a higher frequency of bronchial symptoms (25,0%) than the ones dealing with synthetic fibres (12,7% p < 0,000001). The same was noticed among the workers in the opening and spinning areas, who showed a higher frequency of bronchial symptoms (28,3%) than the ones in weaving areas (12,7% p < 0,000001). We did not find any differences concerning the frequency of symptoms among the workers handling both natural fibres (cotton and sisal). Individually all the symptoms were more frequent among the workers handling natural fibres. The most frequent symptom depended on the fibre. Cough was more frequently mentioned among the workers handling synthetic fibres (9.6%) and cotton (15.7%). Among the workers who handle sisal, dyspnea was the most frequently mentioned (16.9%). Productive cough was the most frequent association (7.2% sisal; 2.8% synthetic; 8.0% cotton), and the association between dyspnea and wheezing the least mentioned (6.4% sisal; 0.5% synthetic; 5.9% cotton). The workers with bronchial symptoms (synthetic fibre and cotton) have more years of exposure and greater smoking habits. In a covariance adjusted for age and smoking habits, the workers with bronchial symptoms, exposed to cotton have more years of exposure.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Prevalence of respiratory diseases in the textile industry. Relation with dust levels].

Many workers in the textile industry have respiratory symptoms that are related to their work environment. In this study we observed the dust level conditions of eleven textile industries of the North of Portugal. The dust levels determined were between 0.1 mg/m3 and 1.25 mg/m3, in many cases above the Portuguese standard levels of exposure (VLE). For these dust levels we found a prevalence of 23% of workers with respiratory symptoms with occupational characteristics in 10.8%, and 5.7% presenting byssinosis. Workers exposed to cotton fibres in spinning areas have the highest prevalence of symptoms, and reduction of the FEV1. These characteristics were related to dust levels and were higher in the initial phases of the spinning processes. We found no cases of byssinosis in workers exposed to synthetic fibres, or in workers from weaving areas. Smoking habits were related to the reduction of the FEV1, and severity of respiratory illness but not to the presence of byssinosis.

Dust↗