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PubMed2002

In their own words? A terminological analysis of e-mail to a cancer information service.

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the terms used by consumers to describe their health information needs and determine if this "consumer terminology"differs from those used by health care professionals. METHODS: Features and findings identified in 139 e-mail messages to the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Cancer Information and Referral Service were coded and matched against the 2001 Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus. RESULTS: 504 unique terms were identified. 185 (36%) were exact matches to concepts in the 2001 UMLS Metathesaurus (MTH). 179 (35%) were partial string matches; 119 (24%) were known synonyms for MTH concepts; and 2 (<1%) were lexical variants. Only 19,or 4% of the total terms, were not found to be present in the 2001 MT1H. CONCLUSION: 96% of the clinical findings and features mentioned in e-mail by correspondents who did not self-identify as healthcare professionals were described using terms from controlled healthcare terminologies. The notion of a paradigmatic "consumer" who uses a particular vocabulary specific to her "consumer" status may be ill-founded.

Electronic Mail↗
PubMed2002

[Revised terminology for allergies and related conditions].

The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology has proposed a revised terminology for allergic and allergy-related reactions that can be used independently of target organ or patient age group. The proposed terminology is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. 'Hypersensitivity' is an umbrella term, 'allergy' involves a hypersensitivity reaction which is initiated by an immunological mechanism, and 'atopy' is an individual or familial tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens, and is accompanied by the typical symptoms or asthma rhino-conjunctivitis or eczema/dermatitis. Each condition should be categorised as 'allergic/not allergic', and the allergic conditions should be further categorised as 'IgE-mediated/non IgE-mediated' (sometimes: 'IgE-associated'). Terms which are no longer in use include: 'idiosyncrasy' (this will now become 'hypersensitivity'); 'pseudo-allergy' ('non-allergic hypersensitivity'); 'extrinsic', 'intrinsic', 'endogenous' and 'exogenous asthma' ('allergic' (possibly 'IgE-mediated') and 'non-allergic asthma'); 'atopic eczema' ('atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome': 'allergic (possibly 'IgE-mediated') or 'non-allergic'); 'intrinsic' and 'cryptogenic variants of eczema' ('non-allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome'); 'food intolerance' ('non-allergic food hypersensitivity') and 'anaphylactoid reaction' ('non-allergic anaphylaxis').

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

Clinical aspects of occlusion: 1. Occlusal terminology and the conformative approach.

This two-part series aims to familiarize the reader with essential occlusal principles and terminology and to give some guidelines as to which cases are suitable for crown and bridgework. The first article covers occlusal terminology and the conformative approach, whilst the second will describe the reorganized approach. Both papers contain clinical cases which demonstrate how to overcome some of the occlusal problems encountered in this area.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Terminology for implant prostheses.

The use of systematic terminology for implant prostheses can simplify communication within the scientific community. However, a review of the current literature demonstrates the lack of uniformity in this field. It is the purpose of this manuscript to suggest uniform terminology based on conventional prosthodontic terms that will simplify communication in the profession.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2003

[Revised terminology for allergies and related conditions].

The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology has proposed a revised terminology for allergic and allergy-related reactions that can be used independently of target organ of patient age group. The proposed terminology is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. 'Hypersensitivity' is an umbrella term, 'allergy' involves a hypersensitivity reaction which is initiated by an immunological mechanism, and 'atopy' is an individual or familial tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens, and is accompanied by the typical symptoms or asthma, rhino-conjunctivitis or eczema/dermatitis. Each condition should be categorised als 'allergic/not allergic', and the allergic conditions should be further categorised as 'IgE-mediated/non IgE-mediated' (sometimes: 'IgE-associated'). Terms which are no longer in use include: 'idiosyncrasy' (this will now become 'hypersensitivity'); 'pseudo-allergy' ('non-allergic hypersensitivity'); 'extrinsic', 'intrinsic', 'endogenous' and 'exogenous asthma' ('allergic' (possibly 'IgE-mediated') and 'non-allergic asthma'); 'atopic eczema' ('atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome'; 'allergic (possibly 'EgE-mediated') or 'non-allergic'); 'intrinsic' and 'cryptogenic variants of eczema' (non-allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrom'); 'food intolerance' (non-allergic food hypersensitivity') and 'anaphylactoid reaction' ('non-allergic anaphylaxis').

Europe↗
PubMed1992

Survey of the degree to which critical care nurses are performing current procedural terminology-coded services.

PURPOSE: To identify the degree to which current procedural terminology-coded services are provided by critical care nurses. Current procedural terminology codes are used by government and private insurers for reimbursement for office, home, hospital, nursing home and emergency department services. METHOD: Out of 100 randomly selected registered nurses invited to participate in this national survey, 43 completed the survey questionnaire. The majority of respondents were 18 to 40 years old, had a bachelor's degree, had practiced nursing between 5 and 10 years, and were employed as staff or charge nurses in an intensive care or emergency room setting. RESULTS: More than 70% of the group were found to perform 28 codes. The codes performed by the greatest number (42) were blood or blood component transfusion and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. One-way analysis of variance applied to the amount of supervision the nurses received while performing the codes and the educational level of the nurses revealed a significant difference between the groups. Post hoc analysis of all possible group comparisons showed that diploma-prepared nurses reported significantly more supervision than nurses having a bachelor's or master's degree. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study indicates that critical care nurses frequently perform selected codes with little or no supervision by a physician.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

The 2001 Bethesda System terminology.

The 2001 Bethesda System for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses is an incremental change in the uniform terminology introduced in 1988 and revised in 1991. The 2001 Bethesda System includes specific statements about specimen adequacy, general categorization, and interpretation and results. In the adequacy category, "satisfactory" and "unsatisfactory" are retained, but "satisfactory but limited by" is eliminated. The new category of "atypical squamous cells" (ASC) replaces the category of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" (ASCUS) and is divided into qualifiers of (1) ASC of "undetermined significance" (ASC-US) and (2) "cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)," or (ASC-H). The categories of ASCUS, "favor reactive" and "favor neoplasia" are eliminated. The terminology for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and HSILs remains unchanged. The category of "atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance" (AGUS) is eliminated to avoid confusion with ASCUS and is replaced by the term "atypical glandular cells" (AGC), with attempts to identify whether the origin of the cells is endometrial, endocervical, or unqualified. "Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ" and "AGC, favor neoplastic" are included as separate AGC categories. The presence of normal or abnormal endometrial cells is to be reported in women who are at least 40 years of age. Educational notes and comments on ancillary testing may be added as appropriate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

jTerm: an open source terminology server.

The consistent semantic transmission of clinical data between systems, and from system to user, is a key requirement for clinical information systems. The use of terminology servers to provide this functionality has been well articulated (1, 2). We describe here an open source terminology server for use in clinical infrastructures.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

A "systematics" tool for medical terminologies.

Finding the hierarchical relations amongst multiple terms within medical terminologies that support multiple parents to a term is a common task, especially for trainees and knowledge engineers implementing or maintaining medical logic modules or guidelines. Examples of such terminologies include the UMLS and the Medical Entity Dictionary (MED). In addition, the task of identifying and discriminating amongst some common ancestors to a list of terms is a recurrent theme. This is also a common concern in the science of classification (systematics). Some nearest common ancestors have distinct valuable properties for classification and simplification of lists. Although there exist some visualized navigating and editing tools for the UMLS and the MED, they are browsers that show a large number of unrelated and irrelevant relationships to the task at hand. While algorithms have been well studied in computer science to solve such a problem over semantic networks and trees, to our knowledge, they have not been used with a visualization tool in biomedicine. We developed a visualized tool that graphically displays the hierarchical relations of multiple terms, and helps identifying the nearest common ancestors of these terms.

Classification↗
PubMed1992

Representation of nursing terminology in the UMLS Metathesaurus: a pilot study.

To see whether the National Library of Medicine's Metathesaurus (tm) includes terminology relevant to clinical nursing practice, two widely used nursing vocabularies were matched against the Meta. The two nursing vocabularies are 1) the North American Nursing Diagnosis List of Approved Diagnoses; and 2) the Omaha System, a vocabulary of problems and interventions developed by the Omaha Visiting Nurses Association. First, the terms were scanned against Meta in their "native" form, with phrases and combinations intact. This produced a relatively low percentage of exact matches (12%). Next, the terms were separated into "core concepts" and "modifiers" and the analysis was repeated. The percentage of exact matches to terms in Meta increased to 32%. However, the semantic types of the split terms often were not equivalent to the semantic types of the phrases from which the split terms were derived; also, in some cases, terms returned as exact matches had different meanings in Meta. Automatic scanning for lexical matches is a helpful first step in searching for vocabulary representation in Meta, but term-by-term search for context, semantic type and definition is essential. However, it seems clear that representation of nursing terminology in the Metathesaurus needs to be expanded.

Nursing↗
PubMed2003

[New revision of the international colposcopic terminology: Barcelona--2002].

The present review makes a brief survey of the development in the colposcopic terminology and the causes for its new revision, made by IFCPC Terminology Committee, accepted at its 11th World Congress of this organization in Barcelona, 9-13 june, 2002. In general, the changes are connected with the definition of all colposcopic findings as well as the determination of the colposcopic signs of metaplastic epithelium, low-grade and high grade lesions or findings, suspicious for invasive cancer. It is pointed out that changes are significant for the development of colposcopy from theoretic, practical and scientific point of view.

Colposcopy↗
PubMed1992

Terminology and specimen adequacy in cervicovaginal cytology. The College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program experience.

The 600 participants in the College of American Pathologists 1991 Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology were surveyed by mailed questionnaire in March 1991. The total annual gynecologic specimen volume of the 362 respondents was over 7 million. Nearly all participants (94%) used a descriptive diagnosis for cases not within normal limits. Most (87%) have implemented or plan to implement the Bethesda System. A Papanicolaou class system was not used by 66%. Terminology for reporting squamous lesions with premalignant potential was variable, with many laboratories using two or more sets of terms. Specimen adequacy was routinely reported by 66% of participants. Median rates of unsatisfactory and "less than optimal" specimens reported by participants in 1990 were 0.5% to 0.9% (range, 0% to greater than 20%) and 3.0% to 4.9% (range, 0% to greater than 40%), respectively. Leading reasons for both unsatisfactory and less than optimal smears included scant cellularity, obscuring inflammation, obscuring blood or menses, and poor preservation. Absent endocervical component was also a leading reason for less than optimal specimens. The largest number of respondents required endocervical columnar cells and/or metaplastic cells as the criteria for an endocervical component. In conclusion, nearly all laboratories use descriptive terminology for smears that are abnormal, and most laboratories routinely report specimen adequacy. Frequency and criteria for unsatisfactory and less than optimal smears vary significantly, supporting the need for consensus definitions of specimen adequacy.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed2004

Problems and solutions with integrating terminologies into evolving knowledge bases.

We have merged two established anatomical terminologies with an evolving ontology of biological structure: the Foundational Model of Anatomy. We describe the problems we have encountered and the solutions we have developed. We believe that both the problems and solutions generalize to the integration of any legacy terminology with a disciplined ontology within the same domain.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2004

A corpus driven approach applying the "frame semantic" method for modeling functional status terminology.

In an effort to unearth semantic models that could prove fruitful to functional-status terminology development we applied the "frame semantic" method, derived from the linguistic theory of thematic roles currently exemplified in the Berkeley "FrameNet" Project. Full descriptive sentences with functional-status conceptual meaning were derived from structured content within a corpus of questionnaire assessment instruments commonly used in clinical practice for functional-status assessment. Syntactic components in those sentences were delineated through manual annotation and mark-up. The annotated syntactic constituents were tagged as frame elements according to their semantic role within the context of the derived functional-status expression. Through this process generalizable "semantic frames" were elaborated with recurring "frame elements". The "frame semantic" method as an approach to rendering semantic models for functional-status terminology development and its use as a basis for machine recognition of functional status data in clinical narratives are discussed.

Information Science↗
PubMed2005

[Norwegian physicians' knowledge of Latin medical terminology].

BACKGROUND: It is well established that medical terminology is firmly based in Latin and Greek. However, teaching in Latin and medical terminology is not adequate in the medical education in Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire on medical practitioners' knowledge of medical Latin was handed out among doctors participating in further education at the University of Tromsø, spring 2005. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: knowledge of Latin medical words, Latin names on diseases, and grammar (Latin word endings). The response rate was 102/121 (84 %).; 102 doctors participated, including 51 general practitioners. RESULTS: The understanding of Latin medical words was generally good. 70 % (71/102) of the doctors had less than three errors. The knowledge of Latin names for diseases was also quite good, with 73 % (74/102) having less than three errors. However, there were many grave mistakes. The ability to give correct word endings in plural nominative and singular genitive was almost absent; 85 % (87/102) made four or more errors. INTERPRETATION: Although Norwegian medical practitioners have a certain degree of skills in medical Latin, their knowledge is not sufficient. Marginal knowledge of important medical terms may complicate communication between doctors. A compulsory minimum of training in medical nomenclature should be a part of the curriculum in medical schools.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Mapping VIPS concepts for nursing interventions to the ISO reference terminology model for nursing actions: A collaborative Scandinavian analysis.

The aims of this study were to analyze the coherence between the concepts for nursing interventions in the Swedish VIPS model for nursing recording and the ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Actions and to identify areas in the two models for further development. Seven Scandinavian experts analyzed the VIPS model's concepts for nursing interventions using prototypical examples of nursing actions, involving 233 units of analyses, and collaborated in mapping the two models. All nursing interventions in the VIPS model comprise actions and targets, but a few lack explicit expressions of means. In most cases, the recipient of care is implicit. Expressions for the aim of an action are absent from the ISO model. By this mapping we identified areas for future development of the VIPS model and the experience from nursing terminology work in Scandinavia can contribute to the international standardization efforts.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2006

To realize easy-to-understand description of nursing practice terminology for consumer.

In Japan it is an important issue to introduce Electronic Health Records (EHR) in over 60% of hospitals with more than 400 beds. Introducing E.H.R is supposed to help provide a safe medical environment as well as practice medicine by description in plain terms among professionals and among patients and medical professions. We've developed Nursing Pr Terminology understandable to consumers visualization of nursing action, and arranged them by level and category. However, it is still difficult to express the appropriate contents because they consist of expert decisions and processes. Hereafter, it is a very important challenge of ours to develop an easy-to-understand description of the Nursing Practice Terminology to supply safe and patient-centered medicine to consumers.

Comprehension↗
PubMed2006

Standardization of Korean nursing terminology.

Korean nursing terminology was standardized to improve sharing and exchange of nursing data and information. English nursing terms were collected from existing nursing terminology, journal articles, nursing records, text books, and nursing/medical dictionaries, translated into Korean and were tested for their validity. More than 9000 terms were standardized and published on a website for further feedback from the users. This study will contribute to communication within the nursing community and with other health care professionals.

Humans↗