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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 in red tide waters off California.

Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 is autochthonous to estuarine and coastal waters. However, its population dynamics in such environments are not well understood. We tested the proliferation of V. cholerae N16961 during a Lingulodinium polyedrum bloom, as well as other seawater conditions. Microcosms containing 100-kDa-filtered seawater were inoculated with V. cholerae or the 0.6- micro m-pore-size filterable fraction of seawater assemblages. These cultures were diluted 10-fold with fresh 100-kDa-filtered seawater every 48 h for four cycles. Growth rates ranged from 0.3 to 14.3 day(-1) (4.2 day(-1) +/- 3.9) for V. cholerae and 0.1 to 9.7 day(-1) (2.2 +/- 2.8 day(-1)) for bacterial assemblage. Our results suggest that dissolved organic matter during intense phytoplankton blooms has the potential to support explosive growth of V. cholerae in seawater. Under the conditions tested, free-living V. cholerae was able to reach concentrations per milliliter that were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the known minimum infectious dose (10(4) cell ml(-1)) and remained viable under many conditions. If applicable to the complex conditions in marine ecosystems, our results suggest an important role of the growth of free-living V. cholerae in disease propagation and prevention during phytoplankton blooms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A tide of change in the management of an old fracture?

Colles' fractures are manipulated under a variety of anaesthetic techniques. An increasing awareness of cost and time within the National Health Service contributes to a marked change in the anaesthetic management of Colles' fractures. This paper presents the results of a survey of the anaesthetic techniques used in the larger accident and emergency (A&E) departments of the UK, and demonstrates the increasing popularity of the haematoma block compared with 5 years ago (7% in 1989 vs. 33% in 1994), at the expense of the general anesthetic (44% in 1989 vs 24% in 1994). The popularity of the Bier's block has remained unchanged (33% in 1989 and 1994). Local and regional anaesthetic techniques can be safely performed by A&E doctors, with appropriate monitoring, and this has beneficial resource implications for the anaesthetic department and the hospital.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed2003

The obesity epidemic: can we turn the tide?

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the UK. It is important because of the associated co-morbidities, which include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis. The prevalence of obesity has increased because of a combination of excessive calorific intake (for example, from increased intake of energy dense foods) and insufficient energy expenditure (associated with a sedentary lifestyle). Weight loss of 5-10%, which can be achieved in primary care, is associated with significant health benefits. Obesity treatment in primary care includes lifestyle modification and drug treatment. The prevention and treatment of obesity cannot, however, be left solely to health professionals. Action is needed by government, the food industry, and society as a whole.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1986

The shifting social and economic tides of black America, 1950-1980.

"This article examines significant demographic trends that illustrate the advances of many black Americans from 1954 to 1984. We also examine trends which indicate deterioration in the socioeconomic circumstances and life chances of a significant portion of the black population. The two competing trends in the status of black Americans (at one extreme an emerging black elite, at the other a growing black underclass) have been central in provocative debates about economics and race over the past decade. This article locates the debate in historical context, summarizing the work of early theorists on this issue." The authors use U.S. census data "to document changes from 1950-1980 in occupational distribution, labor force participation, educational attainment, income and earnings, fertility and mortality rates, and family organizational patterns for blacks and whites. Using the political economy perspective, we argue that race and economic status are inexorably linked in this society. Shifts in the society's economic base coupled with historical (and contemporary) patterns of racial oppression explain the disproportionate concentration of blacks in the underclass."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1982

The tides of human consciousness: descriptions and questions.

A Rosetta Stone has appeared in our midst in the form of R. A. Wever's monograph The Circadian System of Man (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1979), describing the results of 20 years' experiments with J. Aschoff. In the January 1982 issue of this journal, Kronauer, Czeisler, Pilato, Moore-Ede, and Weitzman offer their decipherment: a mathematical description of man's circadian temperature rhythm and sleep timing based on their own experimental observations in the Bronx, confirming and substantially extending Wever's in Bavaria. This paper might have been as happily received by the Journal of Mathematical Biology or Biological Cybernetics. Accordingly I here attempt to disentangle numerical description from physiological hypothesis, emphasizing items that seem, at least in principle, susceptible to experimental test.

Body Temperature Regulation↗