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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The influence of intratracheal saline upon the dynamic lung-thorax compliance of premature newborn rabbits.

A modern therapy for the respiratory distress syndrome in neonates is the substitution of alveolar surfactant. Supplementary surfactant has to be applied to the lung via an aqueous emulsion. To estimate the effects of fluids instilled into the lungs a total of 144 premature newborn rabbits were used. They were delivered by hysterotomy after 27, 28 or 29 gestational days (term = 31 +/- 1 days; mean +/- SD), anaesthetized (0.5 mg ethylurethane/kg b.w.), paralyzed (1 mg pancuronium bromide/kg b.w.) and ventilated by positive pressure (P = 25 hPa; f = 40/min; I:E = 1:1) with 100% oxygen. By means of body-plethysmography the tidal volume (VT) was recorded before and regularly during 90 min after the application of 0 (controls), 5, 10 or 20 ml saline (0.9% NaCl solution) per kg b.w. intratracheally. Dynamic lung-thorax compliance (Crs) was calculated as VT/P and related to the body weight. The initial Crs values (mean +/- SD) were 0.06 +/- 0.02 (27 days), 0.62 +/- 0.52 (28 days) and 1.08 +/- 0.21 (29 days) ml/hPa/kg, respectively (p less than 0.001). Intratracheal saline application had no detectable effect on Crs in rabbit neonates on day 27 of gestation. On day 28 or 29 of gestation there was a transient (approximately 15 min) Crs reduction, increasing with the volume of applied liquid. At a given saline quantity the severity of Crs reduction depended more on the magnitude of the initial Crs values than on the gestational day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Computerized tomography of the female thorax after mastectomy: the most important topometric data from the viewpoint of radiation].

The author analysed postoperative CT images of 77 patients operated on carcinoma of the breast and performed topometric measurements on the level of sternoclavicular joints parasternal, and in the centre line of the sternum in the height of the second and sixth intercostal space as well as on the thorax wall medioclavicular and on the forepart of the axillar line. The values measured corresponded to the literary data in general except those of the second intercostal space and of the axilla. The author stresses the necessity of CT series when making radiation planning of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory function in patients immediately after surgery of the thorax or upper abdomen].

The study deals with the patients in the first postoperative hour following the operation in the upper abdomen or thorax. We considered the respiratory function of the patients in the first postoperative hour and how the respiratory function is influenced by the residua of general anesthesia at that time. Statistically significant decrease of postoperative SaO2 values was found and many patients were hypoxemic after the operation. We found decreased minute ventilation in the first postoperative hour in both groups of patients. Anyway the minute ventilation was more decreased in the abdominal group of patients who recovered from intravenous anesthesia. The conscience as well was more slowly returned to the patients in the abdominal group. In the first 30 minutes more abdominal patients suffered from the muscular weakness following intraoperative relaxation. But this first half an hour after the operation they had satisfactory level of analgesia left. To the contrary the postoperative pain was more severe in the thoracal group of patients. Postoperative gas exchange was more often and more seriously disturbed in the thoracal group of patients who in majority suffered from previous lung disease, which means they had greater ventilation/perfusion imbalance and greater right to left shunt. In the abdominal group only the patients who had relatively short intravenous anesthesia were found hypoxemic in the first postoperative hour. We think that in these patients the gas exchange abnormalities immediately after the operation are also caused by the hypoventilation which often follows general anesthesia.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

The treated thorax.

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Responses to treatment may vary. Complications often occur. This article reviews the radiographic and clinical aspects of how the thorax responds to treatment.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Giant cell tumor of the bony thorax].

Two cases of giant cell tumor of the bony thorax are described. Case 1 presents a 21-year-old female with a recurrent giant cell tumor of the third and the fourth thoracic vertebrae that directly compressed the membranous portion of the trachea and brought about severe air way obstruction. The tumor was completely resected and the patient remains healthy without recurrence 30 months after surgery. Case 2 presents a 18-year-old female with a giant cell tumor invading transverse process of the seventh thoracic vertebra and the seventh rib and making a big mass in the thoracic cavity on the right side. This patient was first seen with hemothorax and treated just by tube drainage three months before undergoing total resection of the tumor. She remains well nine months after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Computerized tomography findings in rare malignant processes of the thorax].

The CT findings in 21 patients with rare malignant space-occupying growths in the thorax were evaluated retrospectively under morphological aspects. The possibility of rare malignant thoracic space-occupying growths should be considered mainly 1) in patients who are either very young or of very old age, 2) if risk factors are absent, especially abuse of nicotine, 3) if there are large inhomogeneous growths, possibly with calcareous areas or necrotic zones and sharp marginal delineation in the node status, 4) if the tumour localisation is atypical of bronchial carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of betamethasone on the lipid composition of pulmonary surfactant, ependymal cells and lung tissue after surgical procedures on the thorax of dogs].

The lipid composition of pulmonary surfactant, ependymal cells and pulmonary tissue after surgery on the thorax in dogs was determined. 24 hrs after removal of one lung, in the other one there occurred changes in the quantity of respective classes of phospholipids of the pulmonary surfactant, manifesting themselves by a considerable drop in the amount of phosphatidylcholine (by 25%), phosphatidylethylamine (by 47%), phosphatidylglycerol (by 98%) and phosphatidylcholine: sphingomyelin ratio (by 63%), as well as by a rise in the amount of lysophosphatidylcholine (by 83%), phosphatidylserine (by 54%) and sphingomyelin (by 25%). In dogs receiving betamethasone in the post-operative period the changes were less intense: the amount of phosphatidylcholine decreased by 15%, phosphatidylethanolamine by 29%, phosphatidylglycerol by 94% and phosphatidylcholine: sphingomyelin ratio by 63%. The amount of lysophosphatidylcholine increased by 26.7%, phosphatidylserine by 29.1% and sphingomyelin by 22.2%. Similar changes were observed in the phospholipids of lining cells, while changes in the composition of phospholipids of pulmonary tissue in most cases appeared insignificant. Insignificant, too, were changes in the composition of neutral lipids of the tissular fractions examined. The described changes in dogs not receiving betamethasone correspond to those found in man in the course of acute respiratory insufficiency syndrome. Betamethasone was found to exert a protective effect on the phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant, soothing the biochemical changes brought about by surgical removal of one lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Digitalized angiography of the thorax in children].

Technical aspects and indications for the use of digital subtraction angiography of thorax in 109 children are discussed, and the interest of this exploratory method emphasized in chronic respiratory disease in children. Results obtained are compared with other investigations for screening of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although generally reliable for exploration of thoracic aorta anomalies (coarctation and abnormal vascular arch) it is considered to be incompletely effective for investigation of congenital heart disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Utility of lymphoscintigraphy in directing surgical therapy for melanomas of the head, neck, and upper thorax.

Lymphoscintigraphy with technetium99m antimony sulfur colloid or technetium99m human serum albumin helped direct the surgical management of 24 patients who had melanomas of the head, neck, and upper thorax. Eighteen (75%) patients had documented lymphatic flow to other than a single adjacent predictable lymph nodal group. Nineteen patients underwent lymphadenectomy. Availability of the scan altered surgical management in nine patients (47%) who required resection of nodes in addition to resection of adjacent nodes. The discovery of metastatic disease in one patient was clearly attributable to lymphoscintigraphy. This demonstrates the unpredictable lymphatic anatomy of this region and suggests that preoperative lymphoscintigraphy may be useful in directing the surgical management of cutaneous melanomas in which lymph node dissection is planned.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chordoma of the thorax.

Chordomata are malignant tumours which arise from foetal notochordal rests. They occur alongside the vertebral column, mostly at the cranial or caudal extremities, but they are seldom found in the thorax. A description is given of a thoracic chordoma in a 70-year-old male patient who presented with difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Emphasis is placed on the role of computer-assisted tomography in reaching the diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Massive symptomatic cystic hygroma confined to the thorax in early childhood.

A case of massive symptomatic cystic hygroma confined to the left hemithorax and mediastinum in a 21-month-old boy is reported. The symptoms were of increasing respiratory distress and cough with fever. The mass surrounded all of the major vascular and nervous structures of the mediastinum and left hemithorax and was attached to the pericardium. It was excised, and the postoperative course was complicated by prolonged chylothorax and malfunction of the left hemidiaphragm. Seven other reported symptomatic cases of cystic hygroma confined to the thorax in early childhood are reviewed. The hygromas tend to be large and their care typically is complex and complicated. Hemorrhage into the cysts is a frequent finding and likely contributes to the acute and progressive symptoms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

[On the problem of radiation damage caused by roentgenography of the thorax (author's transl)].

The risk factors for radiation induced cancer (no dose threshold) given by UNSCEAR and ICRP are discussed. Under the (uncertain) supposition of the validity of these values for the roentgendiagnostic the number of cases induced by the mass screenings (VRRU) are estimated (lung and breast cancer, leukaemia). For 30 radiophotofluorographs of the thorax per person during the whole life there may be induced about 180 cancer of the lung, 5 of the breast and 27 leukaemias each year. These numbers are compared with the cases per year of lung tuberculosis and lung cancer found by VRRU. The connection between the cases of cancer and the irradiation cannot be validated statistically.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Radiological examination of the thorax and abdomen in new-born babies with Rhesus incompatibility (author's transl)].

The results of radiological examination of the thorax and abdomen were studied in premature babies with Rhesus incompatibility. In the 53 cases where Rhesus incompatibility was the only abnormal finding, various measurements were made on the radiological images: cardiothoracic index, liver and spleen, distances between the digestive tract loops and the thoracic wall. The same measurements were made in two groups of premature babies, born at the same period of gestation, who acted as controls. The most frequently observed thoracic abnormality was interstitial edema with hypervascularization (50% of the moderate forms) which was present in 14 of the 18 severe cases. Total opacity of both lung fields was noted with the same frequency in the severe forms with anasarca as in the moderate forms without clinical edema. The cardiothoracic index was increased in 40% of the moderate cases and in all severe cases (normal values for premature babies of 30 to 36 weeks: 0.48 +/- 0.04). Pleural effusions were present in 20% of the moderate, and 6 out of 18 severe cases. Abdominal organ measurements in the two control groups were as follows: --premature babies (34 to 36 weeks): --liver: 47 mm +/- 5.3, --spleen: 11.5 mm +/- 2.1, --distance between loops and wall: 7.1 mm +/- 1.4. --premature babies (30 to 33 weeks): --liver: 41 mm +/- 4.7, --spleen: 10.4 mm +/- 3.4, --distance between loops and wall: 6.4 mm +/- 1.2. The babies with Rhesus incompatibility had hepatosplenomegaly which was constant in all severe cases but present in only 70% of moderate cases, an increased distance between the digestive loops and the thoracic wall in all severe forms, and in 15% of moderate forms without clinical ascites. Normal radiological images developed after about 5 days for thoracic signs, and between 7 and 10 days for abdominal signs. Complete recovery occurred in all cases, even severe, except one case, where Rhesus incompatibility was the only abnormality. In 22 cases, Rhesus incompatibility was associated with another disorder: in 12 cases a hyaline membrane was present which radically changed the prognosis (8 deaths secondary to this infection out of a total of 12 deaths). Apart from the study of the Rhesus abnormality, a systematic examination of the size of the liver and the spleen, and measurements of the distances between digestive tract loops and thoracic wall in the first thoraco-abdominal radiological image in a premature baby, can be of diagnostic value for intraperitoneal infections and eflusions of the new-born.

Erythroblastosis, Fetal↗
PubMed1984

[Established caustic stenosis of the esophagus in children. Closed-thorax esophagectomy with in situ colonic esophagoplasty].

Replacement of the oesophagus with a colonic graft brought up to a retrosternal or intrathoracic position is usually performed in children with undilatable oesophageal stenosis resulting from caustic burns. However, incidents associated with the oesophagus remaining in situ regularly raise the problem of concomitant or delayed oesophagectomy and therefore thoracotomy. A one-stage surgical technique is described, which includes closed-thorax oesophagectomy and colonic oesophagoplasty in situ in the oesophageal bed. The 3 patients operated upon by this method made an uneventful recovery.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in compliance of the intact thorax under rising insufflation pressure and the limits of physiological elasticity: studies on guinea pigs].

Pressure-volume curves of 26 guinea pigs, weighing 124 and 1135 grams were recorded; the curves being achieved by a gradual inflation of the lungs in the intact thorax. The presentation of the compliance alteration as a function of insufflation pressure (IFP) shows a uniform inflation characteristic, independent of body weight: the high level of compliance at the beginning of the curve starts to decrease at an IFP value of 0/76 kPa and falls gradually to approximately a third of the starting value, yet at an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the curve rises sharply again. Complete pressure-volume loops of 8 guinea pigs, achieved by inflating, relaxing and re-inflating the lungs, were also recorded. Where the IFP value was less than 1.9 kPa the inflation curves were identical. Where the IFP value, however, was greater than 1.9 kPa the adaptation phenomenon described by BERNSTEIN [6] with increasing hysteresis and "air trapping" appeared. One may conclude, therefore, that with an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the limit of the physiological expansion of the guinea pigs' lungs is reached.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Abnormal respiration with dullness over the thorax in cattle. Due to an extensive lesion of the liver (author's transl)].

The case of a four-year-old cow is reported, in which a very extensive necropurulent lesion was localized in the left half of the liver. When the animal was studied clinically and by X-ray, a space-occupying lesion in the thorax was strongly suspected. The importance of including diseases of the liver in the differential diagnosis of thoracic disorders is stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Homicidal penetrating incised wounds of the thorax. An autopsy study of 52 cases.

During March-June and August-September 1981, 245 medicolegal autopsies were conducted by the author at the Johannesburg and Diepkloof government mortuaries. In 52 cases (21.2%) penetrating incised wounds of the thorax were found to be the cause of death. These involved diverse and often multiple thoracic structures - ventricles, atria, interventricular septum, lungs, and, in particular, blood vessels. In most of these cases death was ascribed to either exsanguination and the attendant hypovolaemic shock or, in those wounds involving the pericardium and myocardium, cardiac tamponade. Several findings emerged from this study: (i) an abysmally low number of the victims (5.8%) reached a medical facility alive; (ii) no females were seen, and the 21-30 year age group predominated (46.2%); (iii) 80.8% had arrived at the casualty department during a weekend; (iv) 71.2% had received a single fatal penetrating incised wound; (v) nearly two-thirds of the wounds seen were inflicted over the precordial area; (vi) almost 80% of the victims had a positive blood alcohol level, this ranging from 10 mg/dl to 340 mg/dl; (vii) there was a paucify of blunt force injuries in addition to the primary penetrating incised would/s; and (viii) there was a low percentage of 'defence' wounds among these victims of homicidal assaults.

Adolescent↗