SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR compatibility of ceramic instruments. Nine different ceramic instruments were tested with respect to ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts using previously described techniques. There was no magnetic field attraction, temperature increases were < or = 1 degree C, and artifacts involved a signal void similar to the size and shape of each instrument. The ceramic instruments were demonstrated to be compatible with MR imaging and acceptable for use during intraprocedural MR imaging.
The study of two biological indicators in monitoring "flash" sterilization demonstrated that indicator construction often leads to a false interpretation of spore survival.
A demonstration is given of a cornea and sclera forceps for macro- and microsurgery, a sharp spatula for cyclodialysis, a modified blunt cone-shaped Bowman's probe, and a combined speculum forceps for perforating injuries.
Whereas John Hunter (1728-93) the anatomist, zoologist, physiologist, pathologist and museum collector receives unceasing eulogy, his work as a practising surgeon is curiously neglected. As far as can be determined, there are no studies devoted to his instruments and operative technique before a personal investigation in 1991, perhaps for the good reason that these would prove inconclusive. Nevertheless, the writer believes sufficient evidence is available to justify further communication.
We present a selective spatial tessellation algorithm that is specifically optimized for instrument-to-tissue and instrument-to-instrument collision detection cases, which are the essential part of interaction modeling in surgery simulation with haptic feedback. Virtual surgeries demand haptic rate collision solutions only when instruments are involved in collisions. Other collision cases can be processed at slower rates. The proposed selective tessellation algorithm is capable of differentiating among various collision cases and assigning different priorities to their processing. Without making assumptions about any object movement, the algorithm derives clipping volume as collision detection regions which tightly enclose the objects of interest. Results of implementation of the algorithm in a surgical simulation are provided.
Robotic procedures are still in a developmental stage. Studies have shown that many operations can be performed safely with computer-enhanced telemanipulators, but distinct advantages of robotic procedures have not been established. Before third-party payors begin paying a premium for the use of a robot, costs will need to decrease or outcomes will need to be sufficiently better. Manufacturers of robotic surgery systems are marketing directly to consumers and promoting their systems to hospitals based on the number of patients that can be attracted by such programs. Only the acceptance of robotics into mainstream surgical practice, however, will prove it to be more than just a niche technology.
BACKGROUND: In most operating theatres, unused sterile instruments must be re-sterilized according to preset protocols. Protocols differ among institutions and are not based on strong scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the duration of sterility of small instruments packaged in double-layered linen versus plastic-paper envelopes after autoclaving. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of orthopaedic screws were simultaneously sterilized by autoclaving. In Group 1, each screw was packaged in a double-wrapped linen pack. The screws in Group 2 were individually packaged in an inner wrap of paper and an outer plastic-paper envelope that is commercially available. Unwrapped screws in Group 3 served as controls. During the first 48 weeks, five packages were randomly taken from each group, and from 48 weeks to 96 weeks, 20 packages were taken at random and sent for microbial culture. Five screws from Group 3 were also randomly picked with each sample. RESULTS: Up to 96 weeks, no organisms were cultured from any sample from Groups 1 and 2. Almost all samples from Group 3 grew several species of bacteria. CONCLUSION: For small metal instruments, autoclaved packages in double-wrapped linen or double-wrapped plastic-paper combinations can be stored safely for at least 96 weeks.
For most people, the threat of widespread transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans as a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy has passed into the history books. But concerns about transmission of the disease during certain medical procedures still exist.
Haemostatic forceps contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus were exposed to formaldehyde gas for up to 48 hours at different temperatures and relative humidities. After 24 hours at 22 to 24 degrees C and a relative humidity of 73 per cent they were sterilised reliably and completely.
Healing of liver wounds after marginal resection of the liver by CO2 laser of permanent action, scalpel and electric knife were studied. Considerable differences in the course of wound healing were observed. Wounds produced by laser heal without inflammatory infiltration of the abjacent tissues and within a shorter period of time.
The development of effective ligature carrying forceps is described, which are useful in dissection. The ligature needle, which has been developed by the French surgeon J.F.L. Deschamp (1740-1824), is presented on the basis of his original publication from 1793. Today many surgeons use a ligature forceps, which has been developed in 1938 by R.H. Overholt (b. 1901) in Boston and was modified by R. Geissendörfer (1902-1976) in the 1950s.
The recent progress in endoscopic surgery, which is highlighted by the complexity of fundoplication, stomach surgery and colorectal surgery, has revealed major restrictions with difficult surgical manipulations. Mobilisation, dissection and suturing techniques are hampered mainly by the limited degrees of freedom of the conventional rigid instruments (translation along and rotation around the longitudinal axis and the limited play in the access channel). The frequent interchange of instruments such as coagulation forceps, scissors and suction-irrigation probe is time-consuming. We have established an interdisciplinary development model with the aim of improving surgical technology, instrument systems, the operation theatre and its environment. Concepts of electronic instrument control and sensoric feedback, and the features of the surgical man-machine-interface are described. The first prototypes of an intelligent steerable instrument system, ISIS, and its optional effectors, e.g. semiautomatic sewing device and multifunctional coagulation instrument, were tested in phantom and animal experiments. System analysis will lead to specially designed operating theatres (minimal invasive surgical operating system MINOS).