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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

High 16S rDNA bacterial diversity in glacial meltwater lake sediment, Bratina Island, Antarctica.

The microbial diversity in maritime meltwater pond sediments from Bratina Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica was investigated by 16S rDNA-dependent molecular phylogeny. Investigations of the vertical distribution, phylogenetic composition, and spatial variability of Bacteria and Archaea in the sediment were carried out. Results revealed the presence of a highly diverse bacterial population and a significantly depth-related composition. Assessment of 173 partial 16S rDNA clones analyzed by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) using tetrameric restriction enzymes (HinP1I 5'G/CGC3'and Msp I. 5'C/CGG3', BioLabs) revealed 153 different bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units). However, only seven archaeal OTUs were detected, indicating low archaeal diversity. Based on ARDRA results, 30 bacterial clones were selected for sequencing and the sequenced clones fell into seven major lineages of the domain Bacteria; the alpha, gamma, and delta subdivisions of Proteobacteria, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides, the Spirochaetaceae, and the Actinobacteria. All of the archaeal clones sequenced belonged to the group Crenarchaeota and phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships with members of the deep-branching Group 1 Marine Archaea.

Actinobacteria↗
PubMed1995

Phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs.

A combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five Serpulina type or reference strains and 163 Swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. The porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. On the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main groups, I to IV, with three subgroups in group III. Group I included the type strain for Serpulina hyodysenteriae (B78). Group II was differentiated from group I only by weak beta-haemolysis. Group III included the type strain for Serpulina innocens (B256). Group IV included the pathogenic, weakly haemolytic strain P43. Group IV-spirochaetes were characterised by their ability to hydrolyse hippurate and by their lack of beta-glucosidase activity. Group I and II-spirochaetes were isolated only from dysenteric or diarrhoeic pigs. There was a statistical relationship between pigs with diarrhoea and the isolation of group IV spirochaetes but no relationship with group III spirochaetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Early evolution of microtubules and undulipodia.

A critique of both autogeneous and symbiotic hypotheses for the origin of microtubules and cilia and eukaryotic flagella (undulipodia) is presented. It is proposed that spirochetes provided the ancient eukaryotic cell with microtubules twice; cytoplasmic microtubules originated from phagocytosed spirochetes whereas axopodial tubules of undulipodia were transformed from ectosymbiotic spirochetes. A role in transport for microtubules in spirochetes together with a detailed scenario by which free-living spirochetes attached as ectosymbionts and subsequently differentiated into undulipodia is outlined. A mechanism for the continuity of motility in the form of "training" of the novel microtubular axoneme by the ancient spirochete motility apparatus is proposed. Transitional states (missing links) are unlikely to have survived. Constraints regarding the nature of the host cell are discussed. A corresponding flowchart of the early evolution of eukaryotes is presented in which plastids and mitochondria are polyphyletic in their origins.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1983

Selection of ion channel elements in the serine and aspartate methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of bacteria.

Two plausible, transmembrane ion channel elements (These 'elements' are alpha-helical sequences of 24 amino acids in which polar, hydrophilic side chains occupy one side and hydrophobic side chains the other) have been identified in the serine chemoreceptor-methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) (SerR) of E. coli and the aspartate chemoreceptor-MCP (AspR) of S. typhimurium. That the chemoreceptor might serve as, or activate, an ion channel is supported strongly by the occurrence of membrane depolarization, specific peptide methylation and neurotoxin inhibition of response in the chemotaxis of S. aurantia (E.P. Greenberg, refs. 13-18).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Some relationships between spirochaete infections and digital dermatitis in four UK dairy herds.

Digital dermatitis, presenting as a focal necrotic dermatitis on the skin of cows' feet adjacent to the interdigital space, has been associated with dermal infection by spirochaetes. Lesions cause severe, transient lameness. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to measure IgG(2) antibody titres against three different spirochaetes: USA bovine Treponema isolates 1-9185MED and 2-1498, and a UK strain of Borrelia burgdorferi B31. Logistic models were used to describe lesion prevalence in terms of the antibody titres, herd and milking status, year, lactation number, and yield. The antibody titres and milking status (P<0.001) dominated the logistic fits, with the other variables adding little. Generalised linear models were used to describe the antibody titres in terms of the presence or absence of lesions, herd, year, lactation number, and yield. The presence or absence of lesions had the most significant effect for all three antibodies (P<0.001). Neither the herd effects nor the effects due to lactation number or yield showed consistent patterns.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1983

Meptazinol diminishes the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever.

Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and meptazinol, an opioid antagonist with agonist properties, were tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 Ethiopian patients with louse-borne relapsing fever. The potentially fatal Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (J-HR), which invariably follows tetracycline treatment of the disease, was unaffected by naloxone, 30-40 mg intravenously, but was diminished by meptazinol, 300-500 mg intravenously. Compared with naloxone and placebo, meptazinol reduced the clinical severity of the reaction, significantly delayed and shortened its chill phase, delayed the rise in temperature, and reduced peak temperature and changes in pulse and respiratory rates and leucocyte count. High-dose corticosteroids given before or at the time of tetracycline treatment failed to alter the reaction, which is thought to result from release of endotoxin-like substances. Meptazinol is the first effective treatment for the J-HR of louse-borne relapsing fever. This finding suggests a role for endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of the J-HR.

Adolescent↗