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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

['Weight reduction preparations' from Thailand: unexpected complication for the traveller].

Two series of Thai 'slimming agents' purchased apparently without a medical consultation or prescription (one directly in Thailand and the other one indirectly in the Netherlands) were submitted for chemical analysis. Fenfluramine and diazepam were present in both series. One series also yielded phenolphtalein and vitamin B substances, while sennosides were found in the other series. Apparently travellers may unwittingly take along potent medicines when they return from far countries.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed1999

The lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and cathepsin D in rats intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds.

Chronic administration of Senna occidentalis seeds induces an experimental toxic myopathy characterized by skeletal muscle fibers atrophy, decrease in histochemical activity of cytochrome oxidase, and increase of the acid phosphatase activity in muscle fibres at the light microscopic level. The mechanisms that lead to the increase of this lysosomal enzyme activity are not known and could be related to other biochemical disturbs than the mitochondrial function impairment. The main aim of the present study is to localize the acid phosphatase activity using a cytochemical method at transmission electron microscopy level and to quantify cathepsin D in muscle of rats chronically intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds by immunoblotting. Acid phosphatase was observed in lysosomes and over profiles of some organelles apparently not involved by lysosomal membrane. In addition immunoblotting demonstrated a decrease in the content of the precursor and of the mature form of cathepsin D in samples of muscles and liver of intoxicated animals. We concluded that there is a selective increase in acid phosphatase activity in muscle--and maybe in other tissues--of animals intoxicated with Senna occidentalis, that can be related to the skeletal muscle atrophy and the intense decrease in weight gain of these animals. Further studies should be performed to establish the mechanisms of selectivity in increase of lysosomal enzymes in different situations and pathological states.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the use of sennoside A and B vs polyethylene glycol and electrolytes in anterograde preparation of the colon].

OBJECTIVE: Compare effectiveness of antegrade bowel preparation by liquid diet, polyethylenglycol (PEG) and electrolytes solution plus sennosides A and B, vs. liquid diet plus sennosides A and B only. BACKGROUND DATA: Preparation for colonoscopy with a balanced solution (PEG and electrolytes) has some physiological advantages. Nonetheless, drawbacks of such preparation include nasty flavor, large volumes and low availability in our country. METHOD: A randomized, comparative, prospective, transversal and blind trial that included 200 patients scheduled for colonoscopy were randomly assigned (one hundred each group) to receive: group 1: liquid diet, sennosides A and B and a two litter of solution with PEG and electrolytes; and group 2: liquid diet plus sennosides A and B. Compliance, tolerance and effectiveness of both preparations were evaluated blindly. The results were assessed by Student's T test. RESULTS: The effectiveness of group 2 preparation proved superior (p < 0.05) to group 1. Tolerance and side effects were similar for both groups with no related complications.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed2000

Prospective randomized trial comparing bowel cleaning preparations for colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy is commonly accepted as the procedure of choice for the detection and treatment of colonic lesions. The current study was undertaken to compare effectiveness and tolerance of different bowel preparations. Three hundred patients were randomized into three groups, to be administered either a senna compound, a polyethylene glycol lavage, or an oral sodium phosphate (NaP) solution. Tolerance of the preparation was considered. After each colonoscopy, the endoscopist blindly scored cleansing for each bowel segment and defined the quality of the examination as "optimal," "acceptable," or to be repeated. Significantly more patients in Group C (68%) achieved a "good" cleansing compared with Group B (50%; P < 0.0001) and with Group A (38%; P < 0.005). Sixty-three percent of constipated patients obtained a "good" preparation in Group C, which was significantly higher than in Group A (28%; P < 0.05) and than in Group B (42%; P < 0.02). Feasibility of the examination was considered "optimal" in 80% of procedures in Group C, which was higher than in Group A (59%; P < 0.005) and in Group B (62%; P < 0.005). The tolerance of preparation was "good" in 93% of the examinations for Group C. This prospective randomized trial showed good effectiveness of NaP solutions, with an optimal tolerance. Results of use of the NaP solution showed a clear advantage for constipated patients, with similar results for nonconstipated patients. The author believes that the NaP solution should be the standard preparation for elective colonoscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Light and electron microscopic study of melanosis coli].

The authors describe the results of light- and electronmicroscopic investigation of the colonic mucosa in melanosis, occurring at a 35 years old male patient. In the tunica propria mucosae pigment storage macrophages described histologically can be recognized as well by the aid of electron microscope. In contrast to the light-microscopic picture, electronmicroscopically separation of the epithelial cells of the mucosa, accumulation of foreign material in the enlarged intercellular spaces, accumulation of granular-fibrillar matrix in the tunica propria and presence of plasma cells with increased secretory activity can be revealed. It is assumed, that separation of epithelial cells of the mucosa goes with the disturbance of the absorptive function. It can not be excluded, that electronmicroscopically revealed lesions of the coolnic musoca aggravate the severe obstipation. For this reason early diagnosis of the melanosis coli and ceasing the medication with athranol-glycosida-containing laxatives are very important.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Intestinal preparation with an osmotic solution for edema with double contrast media].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the most effective way of cleansing the colon lumen for double contrast colon enema with a single preparation at osmotic effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 80 patients (age range: 29-84 years) and divided them into two groups. Group 1: patients (no. 41) were prepared with the traditional method consisting of a residue-free diet in the three days before the examination followed by the administration of a sennoside-based laxative the morning of the day before and a dose of magnesium sulphate in the afternoon, after the Genoa School method. Group 2: patients (no. 39) were prepared with a Phospholax solution according to the following administration schedule: one dose in the evening two days before the examination and four doses the day before, that is two in the afternoon and two in the evening, followed by abundant hydratation. The examination was performed in a double blind fashion and graded as follows: excellent, good, sufficient, poor. The statistical analysis of all data was performed with Student's t-test and the chi-square test. RESULTS: We obtained better results with the new protocol than with the traditional one, where some patients discontinued the preparation because of intolerance (nausea, abdominal pain and swelling). In addition, more fecal residues were found in the colon with the first preparation, which however provided better contrast agent coating than the new protocol. The second preparation provided better mucosal cleansing, with more cases graded as excellent-good, and there were no cases of poor coating or electrolyte disturbances. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal preparation with Phospholax was better than the conventional method relative to compliance, intestinal cleansing and side-effects (in both the latter two cases, the difference is statistically significant, p < 0.01). In conclusion the new protocol is a possible alternative to the traditional method thanks to its ease of preparation and effective results.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Transport and mode of action of sennosides].

Prior to attempting to develop a new laxative, pharmacodynamic studies were conducted on the individual active constituents of senna. Sennoside A, sennoside B and rhein were injected intravenously and were introduced into the isolated stomach, small bowel and large bowel of the anaesthetised pig. Blood, urine and bile, collected over 6 hours, were assayed by a novel fluorometric technique. Recoveries and measured oil water partition coefficients indicate that the sennosides are virtually non-absorbed in the stomach and small bowel. Following administrations outside the large bowel, anthracene derivative concentrations in the lumen and wall of the colon were below the limits of detection. Thus, a transport theory involving absorption and resecretion of sennosides into the large bowel is discounted. The results support a mode of action involving direct transport through the alimentary canal to the large bowel where micro-organism break the sugar-anthracene bonds. Derivatives of the liberated lipophilic aglycones are absorbed into the wall of the colon and stimulate the nerve plexuses thereby leading to defaecation. The "colon-specific" mode of action of the natural anthrone glycosides appears to be an ideal method of stimulating bowel action.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Differential measurement of small and large bowel transit times in constipation and diarrhoea: A new approach.

Differential measurements of small and large bowel transit times were performed in 13 subjects iwth a radiotelemetering pressure-sensitive capsule incorporating less than 10mugCi of 51-Cr. Six patients had constipation. The other seven patients had diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome (3), following vagotomy and pyloroplasty (3), or due to laxative abuse (1). This new method enables the gastric, small intestinal, and colonic transit times to be measured differentially in the same subject. The capsule can be localized in the gut lumen by reference to the characteristic pressure pattern and in relation to bony landmarks by the radioactive marker as frequently as desired without recourse to radiographs. The results show that gastric emptying and small intestinal transit did not differ in constipation and diarrhoea. By contrast the mean colonic transit was significantly faster (P smaller than 0.01) in diarrhoea whatever the cause (17.5 plus or minus 4.1 hours) than in constipation (118 plus or minus 4.1 hours).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of the saccharosum-sennosid-B solution and sodium-picosulfate in preparation for colonoscopy. Prospective, multicenter, randomized study].

INTRODUCTION: The effectivity, evaluability of the colonoscopic procedure depends greatly on the preparation and the cleanliness of the colon. A large scale of laxatives used for colon preparation are also available in our country (phenolphtalein, Karlsbad-salt, saccharosum + sennosid-B solution, bisacodyl, powder mixtures). AIMS: The authors examined in 5 gastroenterology centres the tolerability and effectivity of two frequently used laxatives--saccharosum + sennosid-B solution and Na-picosulphate--during colonoscopic preparation in 157 patients. METHODS: Exclusion criteria were: severe anemia, renal insufficiency, cardiac failure, active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, possible stenotising colonic process and hypersensibility to one of the compounds. The patients were randomised prospectively. In the case of the saccharosum + sennosid-B solution the colon preparation was performed according to the manufacturers prescriptions, in the case of the Na-pikosulfate the investigator's own procedure was used based on literature data. The tolerability of the preparation was assessed using a questionnaire. The investigators made their statements concerning the cleanliness of the different colon sections based on uniform criteria. RESULTS: Both methods showed good efficacy concerning the cleanliness of the colon. The patients considered the Na-picosulphate better tolerable--based on the questionnaire data. The authors consider the analysis of further laxatives to help improve the work of their fellow endoscopists.

Adult↗