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PubMed1970

Sebum secretion.

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Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEMCO guidance for the in vivo assessment of skin greasiness. The EEMCO Group.

Sebaceous gland activity has four distinct components which are sebum production (a secretion rate function), storage (a volume function), surface output (a delivery rate function) and stratum corneum permeation (an influx rate function). The oily appearance of skin results from an excess of sebum excretion and spreading over the body surface and its interaction with the skin surface. A multi-pronged approach is often useful to assess skin greasiness with precision. The clinical evaluation of skin greasiness and its shiny appearance should be further complemented by quantifying the large pores, follicular plugs and comedones. The sebum amount present at the skin surface can be measured non-invasively using one of several methods based on solvent extraction, cigarette paper pads, photometric assessment, bentonite clay and lipid-sensitive tapes. Quantitative parameters include the sebum casual level, the sebum excretion rate, the sebum replacement time, the instant sebum delivery, the follicular excretion rate, the density in sebum-enriched reservoirs and the sustainable rate of sebum excretion. A series of environmental and biological features influence the data. Hence rigorous methodological designs are mandatory to support claims. As a rule, accuracy of the methods is adversely affected by skin temperature, degree of hydration and surface roughness. An additional confounding factor is the inherent difficulty of collecting the surface lipids without a contribution from the follicular reservoir. A better understanding of factors that alter the sebum amount at the skin surface may well assist in the development of sebosuppressive agents to help the reduction of the skin greasiness and improve acne.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Postmenopausal aging of the sebaceous follicle: a comparison between women receiving hormone replacement therapy or not.

BACKGROUND: The endocrine control of sebaceous follicles is complex in women. During aging, a decline in sebum output is often experienced. However, some women report increased seborrhea after the menopause. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the follicular reservoir function was studied during the first decade following the menopause. METHODS: Four evaluations were made at 3-week intervals in two parallel age-matched groups of 50 postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not. The Sebumeter served to measure the casual sebum level and the sebum excretion rate on the forehead. In addition, a Visioscan equipped with an ultraviolet-recording camera was used with and without lipid-sensitive tapes interposed between the camera and the skin surface. Follicular openings and sebum pore patterns were studied by image analysis. RESULTS: There was enormous diversity among individual values of sebum output at the skin surface. In untreated women, a significant decline in sebum excretion rate accompanied by an increase in both the sebum replacement time and the mean pore size were evidenced during the first decade after the menopause. The sebum excretion rate and casual level showed a wide range of interindividual differences early after the menopause. These physiological changes were less prominent in women receiving HRT. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal aging affects the sebum production, but HRT does not significantly control the complex process of seborrhea. However, HRT mitigates the progressive enlargement of the openings of the sebum follicular reservoir.

Estrogen Replacement Therapy↗
PubMed1982

On the mechanism of sebaceous secretion.

Following the studies of Kligman, most investigators now believe that sebaceous glands function continuously in excreting sebum to the skin surface [7, 8]. Populations of differentiating cells are maintained by mitotic activity both in the peripheral cells of the sebaceous lobules and in aggregations of undifferentiated cells which extend through the body of the lobules. Once formed, and as long as maintained by circulating hormones, each lobule continues to produce a stream of differentiating cells which accumulate sebum as they move towards the sebaceous duct and finally disrupt to release their contents into the pilosebaceous canal. After intradermal injections of 3H-thymidine to label germinative cells during DNA replication, up to 28 days elapse before all labeled cells disappear from the glands. When differentiating cells are labeled with 3H-amino acids, much of the label is lost in 7 days. Likewise, when lipids are labeled with 14C-acetate, the average excretion time for the labeled sebum is 8 days. To this time may be added the renewal time of undifferentiated cells to give an average sebaceous cell transition time of 14 days [15]. From knowledge of the time between synthesis and excretion of sebum, sebum production rates were calculated from the sebum content of punch biopsies. The transit time of sebum in the follicular canals was estimated to be 14 h. Production rates determined in this way agree with those measured by long-term absorption of sebum at the skin surface.

Cell Division↗