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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Retino-choroidal changes in endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat.

A single injection of 100 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium in the foot pads of Lewis rats induced acute inflammation of the eye. Clinically, the disease started as early as 0.5 h and peaked 18 h after the inoculation. The aqueous protein concentration was increased after the inoculation. Histopathologically, cellular infiltrates and proteinaceous exudates were observed in the anterior segment (anterior chamber, iris and ciliary body). In addition to those changes described in previous reports, the examination of the posterior segment showed retinal vasculitis, hemorrhagic exudates, focal destruction of photoreceptor cells and choroidal infiltration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Congenital toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in a mouse model.

A study of the eyes of adult mice infected in utero with Toxoplasma gondii is reported. The histopathological features of the ocular inflammatory response in the infected mice ranged from minimal damage to complete destruction of the retinal tissue. Notable features such as retinal vasculitis and an almost uniform and highly selective destruction of the photoreceptor layer of the retina suggest a similarity between experimental autoimmune retinitis and the disease process in the retinas of our Toxoplasma-infected mice. We suggest that our mouse model could provide a simple and inexpensive tool for the investigation of immuno-pathological processes in the retina resulting from congenital Toxoplasma infection. The model has the advantage of low post-natal mortality coupled with high ocular morbidity. Furthermore, its aetiology is probably analogous to that of human ocular toxoplasmosis, in that the foetus becomes infected in utero via a mother whose primary infection is acquired during gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The possible association of Epstein-Barr virus and uveitis].

The possible association of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) with uveitis was investigated in 28 subjects with various types of uveitis. Serum or aqueous humor (AH) EB viral antibodies were measured in 28 uveitis patients and in 28 cataract patients as controls. Significant rises in EBV antibody levels were seen in 3 cases from the uveitis group. There was an 8-fold increase of the serum antibody titer in an infant subject, a 16-fold increase in the AH EB viral antibody titer in an adult subject, and a higher antibody quotient (10.2) compared with the serum and AH antibody titers in another adult case. No antibodies to EBV were detected in the AH in the control group. It appeared that EBV might have been involved in the pathogenesis of these 3 cases of uveitis. The clinical features of these cases were as follows. (1) A common cold-like prodrome was noted. (2) Severe acute anterior uveitis with fibrinous exudate was present at the onset. (3) A transition to chronic granulomatous anterior uveitis was seen in the 2 adult cases. (4) Little vitreous inflammation was present. (5) Marked hyperemia and swelling of the optic discs was noted. (6) At the onset there were no abnormal chorioretinal findings, except slight retinal vasculitis in the infant case. (7) Sunset-glow fundus appeared earlier in comparison with Harada disease in the adults and a retinal pigment epithelium disorder developed in the infant. (8) Bilateral involvement was seen in adults. (9) Good final visual acuity was recognized. (10) No systemic changes occurred in the course of the uveitis. This constellation of clinical features appears to comprise a new entity, i.e., EBV-associated uveitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage.

The causes of 653 cases of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage were evaluated. The four most common causes, accounting for over 84% of the cases, were diabetic retinopathy (34.1%), retinal break without retinal detachment (22.4%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (14.9%), and retinal vein occlusion (13.0%). Other diagnoses accounting for a significant number of cases of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage included posterior vitreous detachment, retinal vasculitis, senescent macular degeneration, intraocular tumor, and retinopathy of prematurity. The remaining, uncommon, diagnoses accounted for less than 5% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Branch retinal artery occlusion in the Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Amaurosis fugax followed by retinal infarction occurred as an early manifestation of exacerbation in a 46-year-old woman with allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). There was evidence of widespread intraluminal branch retinal artery occlusions without accompanying retinal vasculitis. Low molecular weight dextran and heparin, in addition to systemic steroid therapy, appeared to be beneficial. A review of the ophthalmic manifestations of the Churg-Strauss syndrome and of other hypereosinophilic conditions suggests that thromboembolism resulting from a hypercoagulable state may be as important as vasculitis in causing visual symptoms. Specific therapy attempting to alter blood coagulation and rheology may have an important role in these conditions.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

Fundus changes in Behcet's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the fundus findings in Behcet's Disease with emphasis on characteristic small white patches of retinitis. METHODS: Case study, utilizing review of clinical charts and fundus photographic files. RESULTS: Search of the University of California San Francisco ophthalmic photography files revealed 6 patients coded as Behcet's Disease between 1989 and 1996. Examination of the patients and their clinical records indicated that all 6 met the International Diagnostic Criteria for Behcet's Disease. The single most common fundus finding in these cases was the presence of transient, white patches of retinitis often with a small adjacent hemorrhage. Retinal vasculitis and optic neuritis were also seen, but neither with the frequency of the white patches. CONCLUSION: The presence of small patches of retinal whitening is the most characteristic finding in Behcet's Disease. These lesions are different from cotton wool spots, and their recognition can aid in the diagnosis of Behcet's Disease and of episodes of reactivation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in occlusion of retinal vessels in various vascular eye diseases].

A strong association between the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLab) and arterial and venous thrombosis was observed during the past decade. aPLab represent a heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins that include the lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and antibodies responsible for false-positive test for syphilis. aPLab react with negatively charged, rarely with neutral phospholipids and/or phospholipid-binding proteins. aPLab are associated with vascular occlusion in autoimmune diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The role of aCL in ocular vascular occlusive disease involving retinal vessels is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between aPLab and occlusive retinal disease. A relationship between aCL (IgG), LA, and thrombotic retinal events has been detected in SLE patients, but no association between aPLab and other occlusive retinal diseases (central retinal vein thrombosis, isolated retinal vasculitis, optic nerve vasculitis). In our study the incidence of aCL IgG was higher in patients with Behcet disease with non-occlusive thrombosis than in patients with retinal occlusive events or in patients without occlusions or thrombosis. It seems that different mechanisms are responsible for these conditions.

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
PubMed1990

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and Sjögren's syndrome.

A 52-year-old man developed a systemic illness with fever, malaise, cough, dry eyes and mouth. Investigation revealed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with retinal vasculitis, hepatic and renal involvement, lymphocytic sialoadenitis and symptoms of the sicca complex. High dose steroid treatment resulted in resolution of his symptoms and prolonged remission.

Bronchiolitis Obliterans↗
PubMed1982

Retinal phlebitis with chorioretinal emboli.

Emboli to the eye may cause retinal vascular occlusive disease with a wide range of clinicopathologic manifestations including arteriolar occlusion, retinal ischemia and infarction, and retinal neovascularization. Clinical observations of a progressive obliterative arteriolitis in patients with systemic embolic disease have led to the speculation that retinal vasculitis may be a feature of ocular embolic disease. A postmortem examination of the enucleated eyes of two elderly female patients disclosed gross and histopathologic features of retinal periphlebitis associated with many chorioretinal calcific emboli. These patients also had premortem and postmortem manifestations of systemic thromboembolic disease originating from the heart and great vessels. One patient had a progressive decrease in visual acuity, paracentral scotoma, and midperipheral perivascular sheathing. These findings suggest that ocular embolism may sometimes be a factor in the development of retinal phlebitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in brown Norway rats induced by bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and renal cryosurgery.

In Brown Norway (BN) rats, it is known to be difficult to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) by the injection of retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) or interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) together with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), unless intravenous Bordetella Pertussis is used as an additional adjuvant. In the present study it was found that the rate of onset of EAU could be increased in BN rats immunized with IRBP and CFA by simultaneous cryosurgery to the renal cortex. There was no evidence of retinal vasculitis, pinealitis or nephritis in the rats with EAU except for renal inflammatory infiltrates as a reaction to the cryosurgery. Affected eyes eventually showed destruction of most retinal components and prominent infiltration of the retina by macrophages, with the changes being more severe than those previously reported in Lewis rats with EAU induced by IRBP. Data suggesting the existence of an antibody that cross-reacts with the proximal renal tubules and the retinal pigment epithelium were also obtained.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2006

Diagnosis and treatment of vasculitis of the central nervous system in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: A 23-year-old white woman with a 3-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus and a 15-month history of lupus nephritis and retinal vasculitis was successfully treated with antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia while on moderate doses of corticosteroids. Even though her pneumonia had improved, she developed acute changes in her mental status that rapidly progressed to encephalopathy with coma. INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, fundoscopic examination, laboratory tests for metabolic abnormalities, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, microbiology and serologic testing, electroencephalogram, tests for IgM and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies, neuroimaging including CT of the brain and T1-weighted MRI before and after gadolinium contrast, and flow-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. DIAGNOSIS: Vasculitis of the central nervous system associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. MANAGEMENT: Intravenous methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day for 3 days, one dose of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m(2), intravenous immunoglobulin 400 mg/kg/day for 4 days, plasmapheresis on alternate days for five cycles, and prednisone 40 mg/day. She continued monthly doses of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone for 6 months, followed by maintenance infusions every 3 months over 2 years. Prednisone was tapered over 18 months. Cyclophosphamide was discontinued after 2 years because of poor bone-marrow tolerance, and was replaced with mycophenolate mofetil 3,000 mg/ day and ciclosporin 50 mg twice daily.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical syphilitic chorioretinitis and vasculitis.

Although syphilis is frequently overlooked as a cause of ocular disease, it remains an endemic disease and its incidence is increasing. This article reports on four recent cases of ocular syphilis, including pseudoretinitis pigmentosa, chorioretinitis, and a rare presentation of an isolated retinal vasculitis involving both the arteries and the veins. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and electrophysiologic testing are included. These cases show the diverse manifestations of ocular syphilis, which may involve any structure in the eye, and they demonstrate that atypical presentations are often encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Disseminated choroiditis, papillitis and vasculitis retinae as main findings in lues II-III].

Intraocular inflammations as chief manifestation of a T. pallidum infection associated with stage II syphilis are rarely documented in the recent literature. We report on a 35 year old patient with bilateral choroiditis, retinal vasculitis and papillitis persisting retrospectively since he had received some medication for syphilis 8 years previously. This patient was at high risk for other sexually transmitted diseases, however, he did not show HIV-seroconversion. General symptoms like uneasiness, fatigue, depressions and intermittent weight loss were mentioned. Reduction of visual acuity with topical corticosteroid therapy led to another medical work-up, and a systemic therapy with Ceftriaxone for 14 days resulted in better vision, better perimetric results and less inflammatory cell in the vitreous but evident optic atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vasculitis in Behçet's disease.

Vasculitis of arteries and veins is an important feature of Behçet's disease. When it occurs in systemic or pulmonary arteries or in large veins it is life threatening. Retinal vasculitis is the hallmark of eye disease, and much of the central nervous system disease is linked to small artery occlusions. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs has improved the prognosis for sight and life.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Fluorescein angiography findings in intermediate uveitis].

The present paper describes the results of angiographic examinations of 48 eyes (29 patients) with intermediate uveitis. More than 50% of the cases displayed pathologic changes of the retinal blood vessels, such as increased fluorescein staining of the vessel walls and leakages of the retinal veins or venules, respectively. Some 20% of the eyes manifested cystoid macular edema and/or edema of the optic disk which had gone undetected by ophthalmoscopy. These findings suggest that vascular changes may play a role in the pathogenesis of intermediate uveitis. The question as to whether this disease might be caused rather by retinal vasculitis than by uveitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Part 1: Clinical manifestations.

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome is characterized by necrotizing retinitis, vitritis, and retinal vasculitis occurring in otherwise healthy patients. Experience with 11 cases and the review of 30 additional cases in the literature are presented. In this series, 50% of the affected eyes developed retinal detachments, and 64% had a final visual acuity of less than 20/200. The natural history, diagnosis, postulated etiology, and suggestions for management will be discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Clinical diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE: To assess the value of raised serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels in making a clinical diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis in patients with intraocular inflammation, compatible with sarcoidosis, in whom tissue biopsy is either not practical or not possible. METHODS: The ocular manifestations and clinical course of 22 patients with intraocular inflammation compatible with sarcoidosis and elevated ACE level (including 11 patients with abnormal chest radiograph) were compared with those of a group of 18 patients with intraocular inflammation due to biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. The mean follow-up (+/- SD) was 4.5 +/- 3.4 years in the presumed ocular sarcoidosis group and 7.8 +/- 5.3 years in the biopsy-proven sarcoidosis group. RESULTS: There was no difference in sex, race and age distribution between the two groups. No statistically significant difference could be found between the ocular manifestations seen in each group. The most common finding was retinal vasculitis with panuveitis, seen in 86.4% of the presumed ocular sarcoidosis group and in 83.3% of the biopsy-proven sarcoidosis group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intraocular inflammation compatible with sarcoidosis in conjunction with raised ACE levels would be accordant with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients in whom histological diagnosis is either not practical or not possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with Hodgkin's disease.

BACKGROUND: Patients with intraocular involvement by Hodgkin's disease may present with a variety of ocular abnormalities. Intraocular infections also have been reported in these patients, including two cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) diagnosed on postmortem examination. It often is difficult to differentiate between these conditions on clinical examination. METHODS: A patient with Hodgkin's disease presented with an atypical retinitis, vasculitis, and a serous macular detachment. Results of clinical examination, fluorescein angiography, and vitreous biopsy for culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are described. RESULTS: The diagnosis of an atypical CMV retinitis simulating possible intraocular involvement by Hodgkin's disease was confirmed by PCR testing of undiluted vitreous. Intravenous therapy with foscarnet, guided by the results of the vitreous biopsy, resulted in resolution of the retinitis and an improvement in vision. CONCLUSION: Intraocular involvement by cytomegalovirus retinitis can simulate intraocular lymphoma in a patient with Hodgkin's disease Polymerase chain reaction testing was useful in establishing the diagnosis and guiding successful therapy in this patient.

Adult↗