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PubMedDate not supplied

International human rights and women's reproductive health.

Neglect of women's reproductive health, perpetuated by law, is part of a larger, systematic discrimination against women. Laws obstruct women's access to reproductive health services. Laws protective of women's reproductive health are rarely or inadequately implemented. Moreover, few laws or policies facilitate women's reproductive health services. Epidemiological evidence and feminist legal methods provide insight into the law's neglect of women's reproductive health and expose long-held beliefs in the law's neutrality that harm women fundamentally. Empirical evidence can be used to evaluate how effectively laws are implemented and whether alternative legal approaches exist that would provide greater protection of individual rights. International human rights treaties, including those discussed in this article, are being applied increasingly to expose how laws that obstruct women's access to reproductive health services violate their basic rights.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1999

One-eyed science: scientists, workplace reproductive hazards, and the right to work.

Although most occupational health research has been done with male subjects and on jobs traditionally done by men, research on reproductive hazards is an exception. Researchers were late to realize that men were exposed to reproductive hazards. However, women's health problems have been excluded from the large scientific literature on reproductive hazards, which has concentrated on hazards to fetuses. This is true even of much feminist-oriented research. This neglect is attributable to a reluctance to emphasize health hazards for women at work, since identifying those specific to women may militate against women's employment. Union action is in fact necessary to protect access to employment and health at the same time.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Where have all the condoms gone in adolescent programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Decades of mismanagement, combined with the withdrawal of international cooperation and a protracted war, have seriously affected the health system in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the health status of the population. As part of a Belgian development cooperation programme, we conducted a study in Kinshasa and Bukavu in April-May 2004 on how a rights-based approach could contribute to an effective and appropriate response to the sexual and reproductive health needs of Congolese adolescents. Access to condom information and supplies was studied in this context. A qualitative methodology was used, consisting of focus group discussions with adolescents and interviews with peer education programme officers. These programmes were supposed to be based on the recognition of adolescent sexual and reproductive health rights and the so-called ABC approach (abstinence, be faithful, condom use). We found, however, that sociocultural barriers and strict obedience to Vatican doctrine prevented adolescents from receiving accurate and comprehensive sexuality education and that condom supplies were blocked by peer education programme officers. The promotion of adolescent sexual and reproductive health rights is the responsibility of States, but the international community, non-governmental and faith-based organisations and donors play an essential role in assisting States in this respect and should never act in violation of adolescents' rights.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Social workers' attitudes toward participants' rights in adoption and new reproductive technologies.

New reproductive technologies and issues of adoptees' rights have generated much debate and controversy. This article discusses a study in which 300 social workers expressed their opinions about these topics with special emphasis on their views toward the rights of the participants. The results show that the social workers did not favor withholding information from adoptees, favored adoptive parents over biological parents, and did not favor government regulation.

Adoption↗
PubMed2005

The population and reproductive health programme in Brazil 1990-2002: lessons learned.

The story of Brazil's evolution in sexual and reproductive health and rights during the 1990s documents not only a decade of change in the population field, but the powerful role of social movements in a democracy. Between October and December 2002, 23 people were interviewed about where they believe progress has been made in Brazil and where there are still needs in relation to population trends, sexual and reproductive rights, and health policies. This paper contains excerpts from the full report and covers the economic and political background of Brazil; the role of non-governmental and women's organisations in influencing the national agenda; the intersection of national and international agendas on population and development, HIV/AIDS, human rights, racism and other issues; changes in sexual and reproductive health policies; HIV/AIDS policy progress, perhaps most importantly mandatory free treatment for people with HIV/AIDS; recent progress in women's health, especially in relation to antenatal and obstetric services, and services addressing violence against women. Finally it describes the role of policy accountability mechanisms that aim to ensure that the many excellent policies that have been passed since 1990 are implemented in a decentralised health system of national, state and local management and services.

Brazil↗