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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Future of flexible bronchoscopy.

Despite some potential "threats" (Table 3), the future of bronchoscopy is likely full with ever expanding applications in clinical medicine and research (Tables 1 and 2). The role of bronchoscopy in lung cancer continues to expand and the usefulness of newer techniques needs to be established. The role of FB is also ever expanding in the immuno compromised host and critically ill patients. Future studies, however, should concentrate on patient outcome, especially survival and performance status. Therapeutic bronchoscopy has been extended to many areas and the emphasis of future research will likely continue to be at the molecular level rather than on studies of better instruments for retrieval purposes. The most exciting developments are likely to be in the field of gene therapy, which has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Gene therapy can be a powerful technology, but several hurdles must be overcome to make gene therapy a reality for treating human disease in the future. As the cost of technology continues to challenge health care delivery systems, a major challenge for the future of bronchoscopy is to evaluate new technologies and applications based on their impact on patient outcome, survival, and management of cost.

Bronchoscopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simulated and community-based instruction involving persons with mild and moderate mental retardation.

In this study of simulated instruction and/or community training of four functional living tasks was compared across groups of adolescents and young adults with mild and moderate retardation. Forty individuals participated in the assessment and training activities of this study, including 20 participants with mild retardation and 20 individuals with moderate retardation. A mixed factorial design was used to evaluate differences associated with level of mental retardation, simulated versus community-based instruction, and assessments in school and community settings. Participants with mild retardation performed better than their counterparts with moderate retardation on the simulated tasks and in the community settings. Participants with mild retardation were more successful in generalizing from the simulated instructional experiences to the community settings than were their counterparts with moderate retardation. However, in many of the situations, community training was sufficiently powerful to eliminate any advantage associated with some of the participants having experienced prior simulated instruction. Results are discussed in relation to the need to more closely examine the design and delivery of functional living skills instruction involving individuals with different levels of mental retardation. Specifically, the effectiveness of instructional simulations for teaching functional living skills does not appear to be uniform across level of retardation and targeted tasks. The highest priority question no longer appears to be whether or not simulated versus community-based instruction is more efficacious. Future research might more productively focus on the quality of different instructional simulations in combination with community assessment and/or training opportunities for teaching functional living skills to persons who experience different levels of mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Some philosophies can console: an old but forgotten message.

Thesis: Since Socrates, western philosophy has been concerned with the study of humankind, with a strong emphasis on how we ought to live and why. Philosophy, in its multiple forms and expressions, has enabled many to pursue their lives with greater depth, richness, and variety; yet it can also act as a therapeutic method for the achievement of a healthier life. Asking and answering philosophical questions such as 'How best ought I live?', 'What is the meaning of my life in relation to the whole?', 'Why should I live?', 'What constitutes a healthy life?' can act as therapeutic entryways, not only within the parameters of one's own mind or in a university classroom, but also within a health care/therapy context. Philosophy, both as subject and method, is a powerful, largely unrecognized, therapeutic instrument for social medicine, an instrument whose application in various health care settings could benefit those--patient and staff--in need of consolation and support when they need it most.

Existentialism↗
PubMed1989

Chemical dependency. What to do once you suspect it.

Chemical dependency is a serious but treatable disease frequently encountered in primary care. By carefully gathering as much data as possible, the physician can successfully intervene and help the patient and family begin a program of recovery. In the case of a resistant patient, formal intervention can facilitate breaking through the wall of denial. As a last resort, commitment to a treatment program is also an option in many states. If a patient steadfastly refuses to admit that he or she has a problem with alcohol or other drugs, the physician should continue to care for the patient and to help his or her family members find a recovery program for themselves.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed2005

Effect of an integrated reality orientation programme in acute care on post-traumatic amnesia in patients with traumatic brain injury.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of an integrated reality orientation programme (North Star Project) in acute care on the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that those patients having participated in this programme would show a shorter PTA than those patients that did not. METHOD: Duration of PTA for 12 patients with TBI who were part of the North Star Project was compared with that of 26 patients matched for initial GCS and age for whom this approach was not available (control group). RESULTS: Length of PTA was shorter by 5 days for the North Star patients. This result was not statistically significant (p = 0.19) but is clinically relevant. No between-group difference was found for Glasgow Coma Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Consequences of shorter PTA would include increased and more appropriate patient interaction and earlier transfer to rehabilitation. The North Star project also allows the family to become more actively involved in the treatment of their loved one. Further study is required to evaluate this intervention strategy to improve orientation for the patient with TBI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The comparative effectiveness of three versions of 'classroom' reality orientation.

The effectiveness was compared of 'Classroom' Reality Orientation presented (1) once daily, in groups; (2) twice daily, in groups; and (3) once daily, individually. On a questionnaire measure of orientation all three versions produced significantly greater improvement than that found in an untreated control group, but did not differ in their relative effectiveness. Similarly, the three versions did not differ in their effectiveness when used with patients of varying degrees of deterioration.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Use of environmental manipulation and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized, confused elderly subjects: a replication.

The effectiveness, for confused elderly subjects, of modified informal reality orientation and environmental manipulation without any 'classroom' reality orientation was investigated with 10 experimental subjects in one ward and 10 control subjects in another. All subjects were assessed prior to the start of the intervention and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment on cognitive and behavioural measures. While the control group showed decline on all measures except one, the experimental group improved in ward orientation and cognitive status and showed no decline on the behavioural measures.

Aged↗