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PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of desferal on the cellular proliferative activity of the mouse spleen, thymus and bone marrow].

CBA mice were given a single Desferal dose (50 mg/kg). The mice received 3H-Thymidine 1 hour before they were killed. They were killed 1, 2, 6, or 9 hours after Desferal. Radiometry, and autoradiography were used to determine the level of DNA synthesis. Desferal was found to stimulate splenic 3H-incorporation 3 hours after drug injection and to increase the DNA-synthesizing cell fraction. In contrast, the agent inhibited 3H-incorporation in the bone marrow and thymus 9 hours after injection. This suppressive affect was accompanied by a decrease in the DNA-synthesizing cell fraction in these organs. In the thymus, there was a significant increase in the DNA-synthesizing cell fraction among lymphoblasts 1 and 3 hours following the administration of Desferal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultraviolet radiation doses in Mexican students].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ultraviolet radiation dose received by children and adolescents at elementary, middle, or high school. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in the City of San Luis Potosí between May 2001 and April 2002. The study population consisted of 80 school male and female children, selected at random, aged 6 to 19 years of age. The dose was quantitated during an entire schoolyear by recording the time each student was exposed to sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation was simultaneously monitored with terrestrial radiometry equipment. Holidays and weekends were excluded. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and comparative analysis by sex and months of exposure. A regression model was fit to explain the dose of solar exposure. RESULTS: The erythemally weighted UV dose for Mexican schoolchildren averaged 16,456 J/m2/year. Differences by gender were found: 14,264 J/m2/year in females vs. 18,648 J/m2/year in males (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p = 0.003). No significant differences were found among groups. Significant differences were found among months of exposure (Kruskal-Wallis, p = < 0.0001). Stepwise regression models were fit to find the best model, using generalized linear modeling and the Akaike information criterion, to explain the radiation dose according to month of exposure; the final equation was 587.20 + 438.45(gender)0.16(month)-49.65(month2). The results showed higher radiation doses between March and September. CONCLUSIONS: A theoretical framework is advanced to formulate policies aimed at protecting children in Mexican schools from solar overexposure. Implementing prevention measures at least during the months of greatest exposure (March to June) is in order since 51% of the annual ultraviolet radiation dose is received in this period. By avoiding exposure 8 minutes daily, the radiation dose could be decreased in 39,495 J/m2, which is the dose accumulated in two years. The English version of this paper is available at:http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate and type of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Review of microbiology and infection control databases for all patients with culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis between June 1981 and May 2003 at the hospital. BACTEC 460TB radiometry then MGIT 960 were used for both mycobacterial detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS: A total of 764 M. tuberculosis isolates were obtained from 764 patients. Resistance to first-line agents (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin) was noted in 65 (8.5%). Resistance to isoniazid was the highest, noted in 54 (7.1%); resistance to rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol was found in respectively 21 (2.7%), 29 (3.8%) and 12 (1.6%) isolates. Polyresistance was noted in eight (1%) isolates and monoresistance in 38 (5%) isolates. Multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis was found in 19 (2.5%) isolates. There were 54 primary resistant isolates (7.6%), and 11 (22%) with acquired resistance. The median age of patients with resistant isolates was 38 years compared to 48 years for patients with sensitive isolates (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis agents and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis remain relatively low in Saudi Arabia.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of microcirculation in elderly patients with venous trophic ulcers.

Altogether 112 patients over 50 years of age suffering from varicosity and chronic trophic ulcers of the distal limb segments were examined. The work was based on an analysis of the microcirculatory flow in lower limb tissues (laser Doppler flowmetry, BLF 21 system, Transonic Systems Inc., USA) and on the evaluation of tissue metabolism by measuring partial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (percutaneous polarography; TCM-3 system, Radiometry Company, Denmark). The postischemic and orthostatic tests were used to assess the functional microcirculatory reserve. The data obtained indicate local tissue hypoxia in elderly patients with venous trophic ulcers associated with an increase of the basal flow only in the lower third of the leg. Venous trophic ulcers are marked by a significant reduction of partial oxygen tension in the tissues adjacent to the area of trophic ulcers to 4.3+/-0.5 mm Hg on the average in the presence of the low functional microcirculatory reserve. Local tissue hypoxia in the area of trophic ulcers, which develops despite an increase of blood inflow to the microcirculatory bed evidences inhibition of tissue flow and activation of the arterio-venular bypasses. The results obtained in the course of the study allow to optimize the treatment policy in elderly patients suffering from venous trophic ulcers. In addition to the measures lowering venous hypertension, the treatment should include correction of microcirculatory disorders, which is to be carried out in the pre- and postoperative periods.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Interferon activates DNA repair genes in UV-irradiated human cells].

Unscheduled DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts pretreated with natural and recombinant interferons was studied by scintillated radiometry. UDS was increased in fibroblasts pretreated 7 days before UV-irradiation. Newly synthesized proteins induced in cells after interferon treatment were compared with heat shock proteins.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morpho-functional changes in tissues surrounding a gunshot wound].

The authors studied the dynamics of changes of microcirculatory disorders in tissues surrounding the wound canal in experimental animals with gunshot injuries of the soft tissues of the thigh. Tissue radiometry and scanning were used. The damage was found to be regularly distributed in 4 zones of microcirculatory disorders differing also in morphological characteristics on a light and electron level: zone 1 of primary necrosis or traumatic destruction of tissues; zone 2 of secondary necrosis (forms on the 3rd day after the injury); zone 3 of reactive-destructive changes of tissues, which is the source of granulation tissue development (microcirculation in this zone is restored by the end of the 2nd week after the injury); zone 4 of reactive changes in the tissues with complete abatement of microcirculatory disorders by the end of the 1st week after the injury. The obtained data possess theoretical and practical significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The behavior of radioactive albumin microspheres on administration into the hepatic artery of animals].

A study was made of the behaviour of human serum albumin microspheres--SAM-- (USSR) during intraarterial selective infusion of them in the hepatic artery of rabbits. 125I was used as a radioactive tracing agent. Accumulation of the agent in organs and its excretion were investigated over time by radiometry in vivo and in vitro. Distribution of 125I-SAM in the liver at administration of different amounts of the radioactive drug was also investigated. A mathematical formula of calculation of the optimum amount of administered microspheres was proposed. A conclusion was made of a possibility of the use of the SAM as a carrier of short-lived radionuclides for endovascular radiotherapy of malignant hepatic tumors.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

Biophysical aspects of the integrated combination of cytostatic drugs with radiotherapy. Part 3: In vivo investigations on murine C3H mammary adenocarcinoma treated with cis-platinum, adriamycin, epirubicin, activated cyclophosphamide, activated isophosphamide and irradiation with 10 MeV electrons--verification of the therapeutic results with 31P-NMR spectroscopy.

Radiobiological data referring to in vitro cell cultures proved to be adequate for the determination of an optimum sequence between drug incubation and consecutive irradiation, if the intracellular pH was subjected to accurate controls. An extension of the comparative study to the in vivo model of murine C3H mammary adenocarcinoma yielded synergistic effects, if the animals were treated with 10 MeV electrons and one of the drugs: cis-platinum, adriamycin, epirubicin, activated cyclophosphamide, activated isophosphamide. For comparative purpose the survey of the therapeutic results during and after finishing of the schedules was performed with 31P-NMR spectroscopy, radiometry (3H-thymidine) and a scanning system using 100 pH sensor microelectrodes. Although most extensive with regard to measurement technique, the latter method provided an accurate local pH distribution of a tumor tissue, while 31P only yielded the global pH-value (average).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of sodium metabolism in rats with experimental hypertension caused by chronic alimentary imbalance].

Beginning from 1.5 month of life Wistar rats were kept under conditions of chronic 1 and 2% salt loading combined with a low-protein diet (6-8% of protein VS, as compared with 23-24% in the normal diet). At the age of 14-16 months when a stable hypertension developed due to the above alimentary imbalance, their sodium metabolism was studied using whole-body radiometry with 22Na. A three-chamber model of 22Na metabolism was developed for the analysis of 22Na excretion from the body. This helped in establishing the heterogeneity of sodium metabolism in experimental animals. Besides that, it has been shown that not only sodium retention in the body, but also its redistribution between intra- and extravascular sections play an important role in the development of hypertension. Protein deficiency in the diet aggravates sodium metabolism disorders in experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Factor analysis of the results of combined clinico-radiological examination in thyroid diseases].

The paper is concerned with factor analysis data on the results of combined radioclinical investigation in thyroid diseases. A program including 111 parameters in 291 patients (anamnestic data, results of physical examination, palpation of the thyroid and the neck region, scannographic, thermographic, and ultrasound symptoms, indicators of radiometry and in vitro tests) was developed at the IBM Company. This method was employed for obtaining objective information on the diagnostic value of each method as well as for detecting certain symptoms of the greatest diagnostic importance in different nosological entities of thyroid diseases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Method of quantitative determination of inorganic iodine in the body].

An original method of quantitation of body inorganic iodine, based upon a simultaneous administration of a known dose of stable and radioactive iodine with subsequent radiometry of the thyroid, was proposed. The calculation is based upon the principle of the dilution of radioactive iodine in human inorganic iodine space. The method permits quantitation of the amount of inorganic iodine with regard to individual features of inorganic space. The method is characterized by simplicity and is not invasive for a patient.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Metabolites of substance VUFB 15468 in animals].

Metabolites of drug VUFB 15468 present in the urine of rats, mice and dogs and in rat faeces after peroral administration were determined qualitatively. The relative representation of the individual metabolites in the urine of rats and mice was determined radiometrically after p. o. administration of [3H]VUFB 15468. For qualitative demonstration the metabolites were extracted; they were detected, partially identified and purified by thin-layer chromatography and then analyzed by mass spectrometry and IR-spectrometry. Structures of 11 metabolites were completely or partially determined in rat urine. Five of them were also found in rat faeces, one in murine urine and five in canine urine. In all animal species also unchanged VUFB 15468 was found. For quantification of the individual metabolites and VUFB 15468, TLC-radiometry and liquid scintillation spectrometry were used in rats and mice. Of the relative representation of metabolites, about one third is unchanged VUFB 15468, the rest are metabolites. In mice, the proportion of unchanged VUFB 15468 is much higher, about two thirds.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Radionuclide study of the bone marrow using 99mTc-coren in patients with polycythemia vera].

The results of radionuclide investigation of the bone marrow in 44 patients (of them 32 with polycythemia vera) were presented. The informative value of bone marrow scintigraphy and whole-body radiometry using 99mTc-coren was shown in the patients with polycythemia vera at advanced stages. The results obtained made it possible to specify a clinical stage and prognosis of disease, and to optimize therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The determination of the activity of natural killer cells in chronic lympholeukemia based on radiometric and morphological data].

Function of lymphocytes as effector cells of natural cytotoxicity in chronic lympholeukemia was investigated using radiometric and morphological methods. The effectiveness of these methods was compared. A significant decrease in NKC activity in B-cell type of chronic lympholeukemia was detected. A high degree of positive correlation between radiometry and morphology findings was revealed. The radionuclide (51Cr) method of investigation of NKC activity of lymphocytes was shown to have more advantages over the alternative morphological method in terms of practicability, accuracy and objectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The behavior of 125I microspheres of serum albumin in the body of rabbits administered the preparation selectively into the renal artery].

Intraarterial selective injection of serum albumin microspheres into the kidney resulted in embolization of the vessels with microspheres of different sizes. In vivo radiometry made it possible to improve the localization of microspheres and their distribution in the animals' bodies at varying time of observation. Pathomorphological investigations showed optimum sizes of microspheres causing prolonged retention of microparticles at the site of injection without considerable morphological changes of body tissues. The method of using microspheres as a radionuclide carrier was shown to hold promise for therapeutic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Radionuclide study of the absorption of nutrients].

The authors present the theoretical rationale, algorithm and results of verification of a new radionuclide method for the determination of nutritive absorption. The proposed method allows the determination of the amount of a labeled unabsorbed food ingredient without the collection and radiometry of feces, with a high degree of significance.

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of postoperative abdominal hernia].

After surgical treatment of 664 patients with postoperative abdominal hernias (PAH) within the period of from 1972 to 1983, the incidence of recurrences was 48.4%. On the basis of studying microcirculation at the area of hernioplasty and its dependence on tissue tension force in the experiment on animals and at operations by means of radiometry, rheometry and fluorimetric analysis, the technique for surgical treatment of PAH with regard to location of a defect, including the method of plasty, system of preoperative preparation and prophylaxis of the postoperative wound complications, has been developed. From 1984, 200 patients with PAH were operated on, the incidence of recurrences decreased to 2.4%.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Possibilities of hemosorption in the compensation of cardiac dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease associated with diabetes mellitus].

A total of 36 patients with unstable angina and type II diabetes mellitus were studied in the dynamic. All the patients underwent extracorporeal hemocarboperfusion. Marked improvement in the inotropic function of the myocardium was noted with the increase in the rate of relaxation and contraction of the posterior wall of the myocardium. A decrease in the pressure in the lesser circulation and specific peripheral resistance were registered. Using radiometry technique a corresponding decrease in the volume of extravascular fluid in the lungs was observed.

Adult↗