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PubMed1990

[Communicative disorders and voluntary regulation of activity in children with schizophrenia].

Experimental psychological investigation of the peculiarities of voluntary regulation of activity was performed in 106 schizophrenic children and adolescents compared to a group of age-matched (7 to 16 years) healthy persons. Voluntary regulation of activity was studied in its relation to the communicative disorders characteristic of schizophrenic patients. The investigation was designed with due consideration of the subjects interaction and communication with the partner-experimenter. Different degrees of communication in mutual activity involved a variety of disorders in voluntary regulation of activity which had different strength and importance for the child's development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Partner condom use among adolescent girls with sexually transmitted diseases.

PURPOSE: To explore associations of self-reported condom use with sexual risk knowledge and behaviors, perceptions of peer condom use, and communication with sexual partners about condom use among adolescent girls with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS: Adolescent girls with cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) completed a 62-item self-administered questionnaire on sexual risk knowledge and behaviors, condom use, perceptions of peer condom use, and condom use negotiation with partners. Associations with frequency of condom use and condom use at last sexual intercourse were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 24 girls were enrolled: 13 with cervicitis and 11 with PID; 22 had complete data for analysis. Compared with girls who reported low frequency of condom use, girls who reported condom use all or most of the time were younger (16.7 vs. 19.5 years; p = .008), were less likely to have a prior history of STD (67% vs. 0%; p = .03), and were more likely to think that all or most of their friends use condoms (72% vs. 0%; p = .02). Compared with girls who had not used a condom with last sexual intercourse, girls who had used a condom were younger (16.2 vs. 17.9 years; p = .04), had fewer lifetime partners (2.7 vs. 8.4; p = .03) and had higher mean scores in condom use negotiation (29.1 vs. 24.4; p = .02), and were more likely to think that all or most of their friends used condoms (100% vs. 31%; p = .001). Knowledge about condoms and STD prevention was high (mean 14.3 +/- 2.3 of 16) but was not associated with condom use. CONCLUSIONS: STD interventions for partner condom use among high-risk adolescent girls must recognize the decrease in condom use with increasing age and focus on maintaining safer sex behaviors, building condom use negotiation skills, and promoting the perception of condom use by friends.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Cooperation between dental practice and the commercial dental technology laboratory].

Questionnaires were distributed to 150 practicing dentists and 150 commercial dental laboratories in Baden-Württemberg in order to work out the state of cooperation and the possibility for improving the partner relationship. Two important points were established: 1. When communication between both partners is improved, the quality of the tooth replacement to be constructed is also improved. 2. Inaccurate impressions and instructions by the dentist confuse the dental technician and lead to independent and often inappropriate decisions and actions.

Dental Impression Technique↗
PubMed2005

Acculturation, health protective sexual communication, and HIV/AIDS risk behavior among Hispanic women in a large midwestern city.

The relationships among acculturation, health protective sexual communication, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors of Hispanic women are examined. Respondents represented 14 Latin American countries, a mean age of 29.5 years, and relatively low education and income levels. A significant correlation was found between higher non-Hispanic acculturation level and higher sexual communication with new partners. Higher non-Hispanic acculturation levels were also correlated with higher number of sexual partners in the prior 12 months. The higher the score for health protective sexual communication, the higher the reported frequency of condom use with new sexual partners in the past 12 months. Given the low number of sexual partners, HIV/AIDS risk for this group of women appears to be related to not knowing whether their partners had other sexual partners and to low frequency of condom use. Implications for health education are discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2000

Correlates of safer sex communication among college students.

Correlates of safer sex communication among college students The purpose of this study was to examine factors that are thought to promote communication about safer sex and HIV among college students in the United States of America and to determine the extent to which communication about safer sex is important in the use of condoms. A better understanding of factors associated with safer sex communication can be helpful in developing HIV and STD prevention programmes for college students. Following approval from the institutional review boards of the six participating colleges and universities, researchers collected data from a random sample of students. The study included participant responses if participants were 18-25 years of age, single and sexually active. For the sample of 1349 participants, the mean age was 20.6 years. Sixty-three per cent of the sample was female, 50.5% white, 42.3% African-American, and the remainder of other ethnic groups. Over 50% of respondents reported frequent condom use, with 28% noting that they used a condom every time and 30.6% reporting condom use almost every time they had sex. Only 9.6% indicated that they never used a condom. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the perception of quality of general communication with parents, the perception of a partner's attitude towards communication, communication self-efficacy, and communication outcome expectancies, were associated with safer sex communication. However, the association between safer sex communication and condom use was weak, suggesting that other factors excluded from this study are important in determining condom use for this sample of respondents. The findings provide some implications for HIV interventions. Interventions that enhance self-efficacy and positive outcome expectancies related to communication about safer sex are likely to foster discussion with a sexual partner. However, they might not lead to actual condom use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urological and behavioral approach to the treatment of secondary impotence.

Psychogenic impotence is far more common than organic impotence and may co-exist with or be a result of it. Psychological principles of therapy may be needed for all impotent patients treated by the urologist. These principles include 1) re-education in sexual function, 2) removal of pressure for male performance, 3) bringing existing performance fears to the surface for therapy, 4) teaching patients techniques to deal with the fears, 5) teaching the partner proper cooperation and 6) improving the communications between the 2 partners.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2001

Functional communication between endogenous BRCA1 and its partner, BARD1, during Xenopus laevis development.

The breast and ovarian susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) heterodimerizes with its structural relative, the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein (BARD1), which may have tumor suppressing function in its own right. Both proteins have evolved from a common evolutionary ancestor, and both exist in Xenopus laevis where, similar to their mammalian homologs, they form functional heterodimers. Depleting frog embryos of either BARD1 or BRCA1 led to similar and widely defective developmental phenotypes as well as depletion of the other polypeptide due to its decreased stability. Thus, each protein, in part, controls the abundance, stability, and function of the other, and these effects are heterodimerization-dependent. The interdependent nature of BRCA1 and BARD1 function supports the view that BARD1/BRCA1 heterodimers play a major role in breast and ovarian cancer suppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Communication patterns of youth with mental retardation with and without their speech-output communication devices.

The communication skills of 13 youth with moderate or severe mental retardation were compared while they communicated with a "standard partner" with and without access to their communication devices. When participants employed the communication device, they were able to convey more appropriate information as well as clearer and more specific information to an unfamiliar adult partner than they were able to convey without the device. These findings highlight the distinct contributions the participants' use of an augmented communication device make to the overall communicative interaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationships among measures of communication, marital satisfaction and exposure during couples treatment of agoraphobia.

The goals of this study were to examine the relationships among measures of couples interactions (satisfaction and communication), and response to treatment within a group of agoraphobic clients and their partners. The treatment included the clients' partners in structured, graduated in vivo exposure practices. Twenty-two clients and their partners completed pre-, mid- and post-treatment assessments. Treatment responders rated themselves and their partners as more communicative regarding the client's fears, at pre- and mid-assessments in comparison to nonresponders; measures of communication related inversely to levels of anxiety reported during exposures, but marital satisfaction did not relate to any measure of exposure. In addition, level of anxiety during exposure differentiated responders from nonresponders; responders experienced a significant reduction in their levels of anxiety. Finally, ratings of frequency of communication at mid-assessment were highly predictive of treatment outcome at post-assessment. The implications from these findings for communication skills training for a subset of couples who enter couples treatment for agoraphobia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Multiple sexual partners and their psychosocial correlates: the population-based AIDS in multiethnic neighborhoods (AMEN) study.

In this study we examined multiple partners in a household probability sample of heterosexuals. Thirty-seven percent reported 2 or more partners in the past year, and 6% reported 5 or more partners. Significant interactions among gender, ethnicity, and relationship status revealed complex relations. African American men without a primary partner were the most likely to have multiple partners; ethnic minority women with primary partners were the least likely. Psychosocial factors associated with multiple partners were examined with the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM). Situational factors influenced how ARRM variables related to multiple partners. Perceived risk, commitment to monogamy, and communication were all important correlates. Prevention efforts must focus on increasing awareness of the risks of heterosexual transmission of HIV for people in dating relationships and on strengthening sexual communication skills with new partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Communication of sexual risk behavior among late adolescents.

A grounded theory approach was used to describe how males and females in late adolescence communicate with their sexual partners about sexual risk behaviors. Interviews were audiotaped with 18 women and 15 men from a university in the southeastern United States. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Building trust was identified as the core variable for both men and women. For women, prerequisites for building trust were being involved in caring relationships and indirectly gathering information about potential sexual partners. For men, prerequisites were being involved in caring relationships and using their instincts. Women usually initiated safe-sex talk, but men were willing to discuss it, once the conversation was initiated. Findings can serve as a guide for developing nursing strategies that promote more effective communication about sexual risk behavior in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Interorganizational relationships within state tobacco control networks: a social network analysis.

INTRODUCTION: State tobacco control programs are implemented by networks of public and private agencies with a common goal to reduce tobacco use. The degree of a program's comprehensiveness depends on the scope of its activities and the variety of agencies involved in the network. Structural aspects of these networks could help describe the process of implementing a state's tobacco control program, but have not yet been examined. METHODS: Social network analysis was used to examine the structure of five state tobacco control networks. Semi-structured interviews with key agencies collected quantitative and qualitative data on frequency of contact among network partners, money flow, relationship productivity, level of network effectiveness, and methods for improvement. RESULTS: Most states had hierarchical communication structures in which partner agencies had frequent contact with one or two central agencies. Lead agencies had the highest control over network communication. Networks with denser communication structures had denser productivity structures. Lead agencies had the highest financial influence within the networks, while statewide coalitions were financially influenced by others. Lead agencies had highly productive relationships with others, while agencies with narrow roles had fewer productive relationships. Statewide coalitions that received Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funding had more highly productive relationships than coalitions that did not receive the funding. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that frequent communication among network partners is related to more highly productive relationships. Results also highlight the importance of lead agencies and statewide coalitions in implementing a comprehensive state tobacco control program. Network analysis could be useful in developing process indicators for state tobacco control programs.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1989

The interplay of communication device output mode and interaction style between nonspeaking persons and their speaking partners.

This study sought to determine how augmentative communication device output modes differentially affected various aspects of interactions between nonspeaking persons (NSPs) and their speaking partners (SPs). It was hypothesized that when an electronic output display (EOD) was added to a communication board, the semipermanent display of information would lessen the dyad's need to adopt specialized turn and message formulation conventions, permitting the NSP to construct more complex messages with fewer communication breakdowns. A series of 10 interactional teaching tasks were recorded for two adult male nonhandicapped dyads performing under the two output conditions (+/- EOD). Interaction transcripts were analyzed with regard to quantitative differences within and between dyads with respect to turn taking, message formulation, propositional content, and several types of insertion sequences (guessing, confirmation queries, message reformulations). With the exception of message reformulation, changes due to output mode were nonexistent or inconsistent for the variables measured within and across dyads. The addition of the EOD significantly lowered the rate of message reformulation and the total number of reformulation-related turns. Results are discussed with regard to research and clinical implications for augmentative communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Patient data management systems in intensive care--the situation in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: Computerized Patient Data Management Systems (PDMS) have been developed for handling the enormous increase in data collection in ICUs. This study tries to evaluate the functionality of such systems installed in Europe. DESIGN: Criteria reflecting usefulness and practicality formed the basis of a questionnaire to be answered accurately by the vendors. We then examined functions provided and their implementation in European ICUs. Next, an "Information Delivery Test" evaluated variations in performance, taking questions arising from daily routine work and measured time of information delivery. SETTING: ICUs located in Vienna (Austria), Antwerp (Belgium), Dortmund (Germany), Kuopio (Finland). PARTICIPANTS: 5 PDMS were selected on the basis of our inclusion criteria: commercial availability with at least one installation in Europe, bedside-based design, realization of international standards and a prescribed minimum of functionality. RESULTS: The "Table of Functions" shows an overview of functions and their implementation. "System analyses" indicates predominant differences in properties and functions found between the systems. Results of the "Information Delivery Tests" are shown in the graphic charts. CONCLUSIONS: Systems with graphical data presentation have advantages over systems presenting data mainly in numerical format. Time has come to form a medical establishment powerful enough to set standards and thus communicate with industrial partners as well as with hospital management responsible for planning, purchasing and implementing PDMS. Overall, communication between clinicians, nurses, computer scientists and PDMS vendors must be enhanced to achieve the common goal: useful and practical data management systems at ICUs.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1989

Spouse adjustment to stroke: aphasic versus nonaphasic partners.

A survey of spouses of stroke patients examined the impact of stroke with and without aphasia on spouse role change, emotional problems, social adjustment, and the partner's perceived communication abilities. The results of this study support earlier findings that stroke with aphasia has a greater negative impact on the patient's spouse than does stroke without aphasia. For the spouses of aphasic patients sampled in this study, role changes represented the major adjustment made to a partner's stroke. These adjustments were greater than those experienced by the spouses of nonaphasic patients. The inability of aphasic patients to communicate well with their spouses served to make necessary role adjustments more difficult. Both spouse groups were affected to some degree by the communication problems associated with stroke, with the spouses of aphasic partners being affected the most.

Aphasia↗
PubMed2006

[Salutogenesis and sexual medicine].

Salutogenesis means a paradigmatic change in medicine. While pathogenesis restricts itself to finding out what makes a man ill, salutogenesis tries to find out what keeps him or her healthy. The human being is seen as a biological, psychological, and social creature. There are many studies which show the importance of social relationships and the satisfaction of basic psychosocial needs as protection against psychological or psychosomatic disorders. The psychosocial basic needs for acceptance, intimacy, and security can be best fulfilled by sexual communication with the partner. Therefore a salutogenic approach to sexual medicine focuses mainly on the fulfillment of these needs and not only on the treatment of a sexual dysfunction. Unnecessarily frustrating experiences can thus be avoided, especially when the sexual possibilities of one or both partners are restricted by an illness or its medical treatment. A case report shows how sexual communication and sex therapy can help to cope with a tumor disease.

Delivery of Health Care↗