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Results for “POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION”

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[Evaluation of racemic epinephrine with intermittent positive pressure in the treatment of acute infections laryngotracheitis].

Fourteen children admitted to the Hospital de Pediatría of the C.M.N. of the I.M.S.S. with the diagnosis of acute infectious laryngotracheobronchitis were divided into two groups with similar conditions for their study. The benefit derived from the application of recemic epinephrine with intermittent positive pressure was confirmed 15 and 30 minutes later by means of a double blind study; the improvement was swift and spectacular, but temporary; therefore, such treatment must be given only in hospitals, since relapses may show up two to four hours later, making in dangerous to send the patients home or to apply to ambulatory cases. The use of racemic epinephrine is proposed for hospitals having equipment and personnel trained in its management and the convenience of further studies is set forth to determine the period of effectiveness of racemic epinephrine and the advantage of giving repeated doses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The place of continuous external negative pressure (CNP) in the management of respiratory distress syndrome of the new born.

This work has been carried out on 28 cases of respiratory distress syndrome (R.D.S.), 17 cases of mild and moderate severity were treated by oxygen therapy, excess humidity, and correction of acid-base balance with 100% recovery within an average time of 72 hrs., while 11 cases of severe R.D.S. needed continuous negative external pressure (C.N.P.) in addition to routine management. The use of C.N.P. in spontaneously breathing infants reduced the need for high ambient oxygen, raised PaO2", shortened the duration of therapy; average time of recovery was 48 hrs. In addition, C.N.P. reduced the need for excessive alkali therapy and assisted ventilation. So, in addition to routine therapy, C.N.P. is recommended as an additional line of management of severe cases of R.D.S., i.e. cases that cannot maintain an arterial oxygen of 60 mmHg. at 60% ambient oxygen or above; or cases with frequent apnoeic attacks.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Protection against the physiological effects of positive pressure breathing.

The degree of protection afforded by three jerkin G-suit systems (British, Canadian and Swedish) using different pressures against the adverse physiological effects produced by high levels (50 mm Hg and 70 mm Hg) of positive pressure breathing (PPB) was investigated at ground level in 10 male subjects. The British and Canadian systems were evaluated with G-suit pressure equal to breathing pressure and 3.2 times breathing pressure, whereas the Swedish system was studied only with 3.2 times breathing pressure in the G suit. The experimental design was a 10 X 10 Latin swuare. PPB produced significant increases in heart rate, peripheral resistance, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, and significant decreases in stroke volume and cardiac output. These effects were directly related to the level of PPB. Our results show that the British system provides the highestdegree of protection against PPB, followed by the Swedish and the Canadian systems. It was also found that a G-suit pressure of 3.2 times breathing pressure significantly increases the degree of protection afforded by the British and Canadian systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

"Aspiration disease".

Aspiration disease, a term used to define both an acute and chronic form of a disease entity, is described. Etiological factors, pathophysiology and therapy are discussed with emphasis on aspiration of gastric juice. A brief mention of a small clinical experience is included.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Editorial: C.P.A.P.

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Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Shock Lung.

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Humans↗
PubMed1976

Pneumothorax in the respiratory distress syndrome: incidence and effect on vital signs, blood gases, and pH.

We determined the incidence of pneumothorax in 295 infants (mean birthweight, 1,917 gm) with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated according to the same protocol. Fifty-five infants (mean birthweight, 1,594 gm) developed pneumothorax (incidence, 19%); incidence varied with severity of RDS and intensity of respiratory assistance. Pneumothorax occurred in 3.5% (2 of 58) of infants who received no assisted ventilation and in 11% (14 of 124) of infants who received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the only form of assisted ventilation; the difference between these two groups is not significant. Forty-nine infants initially treated with CPAP later required mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 of the 49 (24%) and in 21 of 64 (33%) of those infants initially treated with PEEP; the incidence of pneumothorax for both these groups was significantly higher than for those treated with no assisted ventilation or CPAP only. To assess the value of frequent measurement of vital signs, blood gas tensions, and pH in the recognition of pneumothorax, we analyzed these variables by the cumulative sum statistical technique. We noted the following significant changes associated with pneumothorax: arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate decreased in 77% of cases; pulse pressure narrowed in 51% of cases; Po2 decreased in 17 of 20 cases in which ventilatory settings were constant for at least three hours prior to pneumothorax. However, pH and Pco2 showed consistent changes. Frequent measurements of vital signs and Po2 aid in the early diagnosis of pneumothorax.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Mandatory minute volume. A new concept in weaning from mechanical ventilation.

The new concept of mandatory minute volume (MMV) is described. The system provides a preset minute volume to the patient, who breathes spontaneously from it as much as he is able, the remainder being delivered to him via a ventilator. The necessary apparatus has been constructed and has the additional facility of PEEP and/or CPAP up to a level of 15 cmH2O pressure. With possible exceptions, the apparatus allows simpler and more direct control over the patient's PaCO2 than with the IMV system and it ensures, without adjustment, a constant minute volume of fresh gas breathed by the patient, despite minute-to-minute changes in his ability to breathe. Use of the system in conjunction with two commonly used ventilators is described. It should not be difficult to build the facility for MMV into new versions of artificial ventilators.

Humans↗