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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reading isolated words: no evidence for automatic incorporation of the phonetic code.

Backward masking with a homophonic mask induces better target recognition than backward masking with a graphemic mask that shares the same letters with the target as the homophonic mask. From this, the existence of automatic prelexical phonological recoding in silent word reading has been inferred. The present experiments, however, show that the advantage of homophonic masks in a backward-masking task only arises if a considerable proportion of the masks are phonologically related to the targets (at least for Dutch). The results are in line with findings of lexical-decision tasks and number-processing tasks, and constitute a further argument for the dominance of the orthographic route over the phonological route in processing isolated written words.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A developmental study of visual ERP distributions during spatial and phonetic processing.

Ten adults (mean age 19.5 years; S.D. = 1.65) and 10 children (12.2 years; S.D. = 1.28) participated in a choice reaction time study of event-related potential (ERP) correlates of pattern and phonological discriminations of letters. In the form condition, the subjects responded discriminately to letters that did (e.g., b, p) and did not (e.g., f, h) have an enclosed area. Likewise, the subjects responded to letters that did and did not rhyme with "e" in the rhyme task. For both groups, the two late positivities (P600 and P3) were significantly later in the rhyme ERPs than the form as were the RTs associated with the tasks. Distribution and group differences were most notable for the positivity at 380 msec. The P380 distribution did not vary between the conditions for the adults, but there was a more negative distribution in the rhyme condition compared to the form at fronto-central sites for the children. The topographic differences between the form and rhyme tasks at 380 msec were consistent with the involvement of auditory areas in the rhyme task. Generally, however, the children's and adults' wave forms were similar in terms of morphology, peak latency and distribution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effects of phonetic context on speech-sound discrimination.

This study was designed to examine the influence of contextual elements on speech-sound discrimination performance. The test employed was comprised of ten stimulus words located within three sentence structures providing initial, medial, and final placement of stimuli within sentences. All sentence items were presented in two forms, naturally articulated and mechanically assembled, to 25 normal preschool children. Disruption of the suprasegmental feature of the assembled test was achieved by splicing isolated words into sentences previously recorded with silence in the stimulus word position. Statistical analysis indicated that error scores on the assembled sentence items were significantly greater. Disruption of suprasegmental features appeared to significantly influence the discrimination of target sounds within stimulus words when the words were in the medial and final positions of the sentences.

Child, Preschool↗