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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Mark Jameson's physic plants, a sixteenth century garden for gynaecology in Glasgow?

Deputy Rector of the University of Glasgow and a vicar choral of Glasgow Cathedral, the physician Mark Jameson made many annotations in his copy of the 1549 edition of Fuchs' herbal. On the back flyleaf are the names of 26 plants, 22 of which were "To be sett & sawin in ye garding". Many of the 26 plants have gynaecological properties; some are even abortifacient, especially the highly dangerous savin, Juniperus sabina.

Gynecology↗
PubMed2006

Healing with animals in the Levant from the 10th to the 18th century.

Animals and products derived from different organs of their bodies have constituted part of the inventory of medicinal substances used in various cultures since ancient times. The article reviews the history of healing with animals in the Levant (The Land of Israel and parts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, defined by the Muslims in the Middle Ages as Bilad al-Sham) in the medieval and early Ottoman periods. Intensive research into the phenomenon of zootherapy in the medieval and early Ottoman Levant has yielded forty-eight substances of animal origin that were used medicinally. The vast majority of these substances were local and relatively easy to obtain. Most of the substances were domestic (honey, wax, silkworm, etc.), others were part of the local wildlife (adder, cuttle fish, flycatcher, firefly, frog, triton, scorpion, etc.), part of the usual medieval household (milk, egg, cheese, lamb, etc.), or parasites (louse, mouse, stinkbug, etc.). Fewer substances were not local but exotic, and therefore rare and expensive (beaver testicles, musk oil, coral, ambergris, etc.). The range of symptoms that the substances of animal origin were used to treat was extensive and included most of the known diseases and maladies of that era: mainly hemorrhoids, burns, impotence, wounds, and skin, eye, and stomach diseases. Changes in the moral outlook of modern societies caused the use of several substances of animal origin to cease in the course of history. These include mummy, silkworm, stinkbug, scarabees, snail, scorpion, and triton.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antimalarial drug discovery: old and new approaches.

New drugs against malaria are greatly needed. Many approaches to antimalarial drug discovery are available. These approaches must take into account specific concerns, in particular the requirement for very inexpensive and simple to use new therapies and the need to limit the cost of drug discovery. Among important efforts that are currently ongoing are the optimization of therapy with available drugs, including the use of combination therapy, the development of analogs of existing agents, the discovery of natural products, the use of compounds that were originally developed against other diseases, the evaluation of drug resistance reversers, and the consideration of new chemotherapeutic targets. The last category benefits from recent advances in malaria research technologies and genomics and is most likely to identify new classes of drugs. A number of new antimalarial therapies will likely be needed over the coming years, so it is important to pursue multiple strategies for drug discovery.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

cis-hinokiresinol, a norlignan from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, inhibits angiogenic response in vitro and in vivo.

cis-Hinokiresinol (CHR) is a norlignan constituent from Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae), which shows hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. In the present studies, we have demonstrated that CHR selectively inhibited endothelial cell proliferation compared with cancer cells, and especially basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, endothelial cell migration and tube formation, two important steps in the angiogenic process, were also inhibited by CHR. Moreover, CHR reduced the vessel growth induced by VEGF in the mouse corneal neovascularization model. These results suggest that CHR may prove useful for the development of a novel angiogenesis inhibitor.

Anemarrhena↗
PubMed2003

Screening of the inhibitory effect of vegetable constituents on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that mediates responses to environmental contaminants such as dioxins, which have many adverse health effects. We performed a preliminary screening of the inhibitory effects of vegetable constituents on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced activation of AhR using the AhR-based bioassay for dioxins, the Ah-Immunoassay. Ninety vegetable constituents including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenes, etc., were assayed in vitro. Among them, flavones, flavonols, anthraquinones, piperine, coumestrol, brevifolincarboxylic acid, and resveratrol showed marked inhibitory effects on AhR-based bioassay activation by TCDD, and their effects were dose dependent. Curcumin, carnosol, and capsaicin also inhibited the activation of AhR in this assay, although to a lesser degree. These results suggest that several vegetable constituents might play a role in protection against dioxin toxicity.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1997

[A stable culturing method and pharmacological effects of the Agaricus blazei].

There have been some reports suggesting the effectiveness of medicinal mushrooms in not only keeping health but also preventing and curing diseases as well as recovering from illnesses. However, no uniformity has been observed with its medicinal effect and thus there are some problems in these materials from clinical aspects. Ununiformity of constituents which has resulted from the lack of established optimum culturing methods and inadequacy of experimental approaches are given as the causes of the problems. In the present study, the authors established a culturing method for harvesting fruit bodies with stable constituents by the use of the best cytogenetical technique for Agaricus blazei(CJ-01)which has attracted special interest recently among medicinal mushrooms. Fundamental medical scientific researches have been conducted with the medicinal effect of Agaricus blazei(CJ-01)obtained by the new culturing method by the widely use of immunological and pharmacological approaches. Based on the results of these studies, the author demonstrated the effect scientifically on the cases where the effect had already been observed clinically (hypertension, atopic dermatitis and diabetes).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The rules of drug taking: wine and poppy derivatives in the ancient world. VI. Poppies as a source of food and drug.

Poppies were widely used during antiquity as a source of food, therapeutics, and poisons. It is likely that the alimentary value of poppy seeds was known in the Neolithic age, and there is some evidence that the neuropsychopharmacological effects of poppy juice were exploited during the Minoan civilization in the eastern Mediterranean basin. The Minoan civilization dates the attribution to poppies of symbolic meanings connected with rites of agricultural fertility. The persistence throughout antiquity of this symbolism is testified by literary and iconographic evidence of the attribution of poppies to goddesses of fertility, such as Demeter, Aphrodite, and Ceres.

Ceremonial Behavior↗