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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis: first look at a complete inlet.

The renewed excavations at the Kebara Cave revealed a Neanderthal skeleton dated at about 50-55,000 years B.P. The pelvis of this individual is the most intact Neanderthal pelvis yet discovered, presenting for the first time a complete inlet. Although the superior pubic ramus is extremely long, as typically seen in the Neanderthals, the size of the pelvic inlet is comparable to that of modern Homo sapiens. The length of the superior pubic ramus is found to stem from a more externally rotated innominate bone and not, as generally assumed, from the larger pelvic inlet. It is suggested that the uniqueness of the Neanderthal pelvis may be attributable to locomotion and posture-related biomechanics rather than to obstetric requirements.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Reconstruction of the STS 14 (Australopithecus africanus) pelvis.

The study reports a reconstruction of the sacrum in STS 14 based on extrapolation from the measurements of the first two sacral vertebrae of STS 14 and of the angle formed by the anterior surfaces of their vertebral bodies. Reconstruction is based on comparisons of, and extrapolation from, sacra of Pan troglodytes, Homo sapiens, and Australopithecus afarensis. The reconstructed sacrum has an anterior sacral curvature of 39 degrees. The two ossa coxae were also completed by mirror imaging of one side by the other. With the pelvis completely reconstructed, the pelvic dimensions for the antero-posterior (AP) diameters of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and pelvic outlet are 85, 68, and 69 mm and the corresponding transverse (TR) diameters are 109, 88, and 103 mm, respectively. The posterior sagittal diameters in the three pelvic planes are small compared to the anterior sagittal diameters. This analysis indicates that the STS 14 pelvis is platypelloid in the three pelvic planes; i.e., all the AP diameters are smaller than the corresponding TR diameters. This makes the STS 14 pelvis similar to that of Al 288-1, save for a less pronounced degree of platypelloidy at the inlet in the former.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Motions and loads within the human pelvis: a biomechanical model study.

The pelvis, a major load carrying component of the musculoskeletal system, is sometimes suspected as a site of mechanically provoked low back pain. Thus, studies of its basic biomechanics seem warranted. This study used biomechanical model simulations to examine how pelvic geometry and joint soft tissue properties influence relative motions among its bones and internal loadings of its joints. A biomechanical model of a pelvis was loaded by forces of up to 1000 N and moments of up to 25 Nm. Its resulting motions and joint loadings were determined. The effects on these responses due to pelvic geometry changes of 20% in lengths and 10 degrees in angles, and soft tissue stiffness changes, most of which were 25%, were also examined. For all situations examined, model pelvis relative displacements were at most a few mm, and relative rotations were at most a few degrees. Internal forces and moments were always less than 530 N and 30 Nm, respectively.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Early urinary complications of fractures of the pelvis.

The occurrence, relation to a particular type of fracture of the pelvis and the possible mechanism of early urinary complications were studied in 186 consecutive patients with fracture of the pelvis. Eighty-eight patients (47.3%) showed early urinary complications. These complications were minor in 73 patients (83.0%; 32.9% of all pelvic features) and major in 15 (17.0%; 8.1% of all pelvic fractures). The former comprised retention of urine in 41 patients (33.0%; 15.6% of all pelvic fractures), haematuria in 29 patients (33.0%; 15.6% of all pelvic fractures), and oliguria in three (3.4%; 1.6% of all pelvic fractures). The latter comprised rupture of the posterior urethra in nine patients (10.2%; 4.8% of all pelvic fractures), rupture of the bladder in five (5.7%; 2.7; of all pelvic fractures), and combined injury to the bladder and posterior urethra in one (1.1%; 0.5% of all pelvic fractures). These complications were common in relation to run-over and collision accidents. The common pelvic fracture encountered in these patients was the Type III and the individual pelvic fracture was that of both pubic rami on one or both sides; fractures of the acetabulum and posterior segment of the pelvis were next in frequency. On the other hand, fractures of a single ischial ramus or wing of the ilium were not commonly encountered. Fractures with intact pelvic ring were associated with only 9.1% of these complications; all were minor.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1982

[Results of treatment of tumors and metastases of the pelvis and proximal femur].

A retrospective study of 293 primary tumors and 244 metastases of the pelvis and proximal femur allows the following conclusions. Benign tumors are treated by curettage whereas low-grade malignant tumors have to be resected "en bloc". In high-grade malignant pelvis tumors, total internal hemipelvectomy with replacement of half of the pelvis has been used with success. Metastases are treated by total hip prosthesis or a combination of bone cement and osteosynthesis. On the whole early lethality is low, local complications are acceptable and most of the patients are able to walk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Accessory spleen in the pelvis diagnosed by Tc-99m phytate scintigraphy.

We report a 58-year-old woman with an accessory spleen in the left side of the pelvis. She visited our outpatient clinic complaining of lower abdominal discomfort. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a tumor 4 cm in diameter in the left side of the pelvis. Color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated plentiful pulsating blood flow. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed that the blood supply for the tumor was from a branch of the splenic artery. Scintigraphy with Tc-99m phytate revealed accumulation of radioactivity concordant with a mass in the left side of the pelvis, and the spleen was normally visualized. These findings suggested that this tumor was an accessory spleen, and the patient underwent no further invasive procedures.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Recurrent rectal cancer within the pelvis. A multicenter analysis of 123 patients and recommendations for adjuvant radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recommendations for radiation ports in adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal cancer are mainly based on analysis of recurrence patterns. To evaluate whether changes in surgical technique have influenced this pattern of recurrence, a multicenter retrospective analysis was carried out on a patient population treated recently. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 123 patients were evaluated with the help of a CT-based self-developed 3-D data file system and an extensive questionnaire. Major inclusion criteria (one sufficient) for eligibility were: histological confirmation, clear bone destruction, and a positive PET scan, or at least three minor criteria: progressive soft tissue mass, invasion of adjacent organs on follow-up CT or MRI, rising tumor markers, and typical appearance in cross-sectional imaging. Clinical or serologic signs of inflammation were exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Initially, 54% of the evaluated patients were N0; in the remainder, N1 and N2 were distributed evenly. Initial T-category was T1 in 2%, T2 in 24%, T3 in 60%, and T4 in 13%, the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Recurrent tumors were mainly situated in the posterior part of the bony pelvis as displayed in the figures. When abdominoperineal resection was compared to low anterior resection as primary operation, there was a significant difference in extension of recurrent tumors in the inferior parts of the pelvis (p<0.025 in all statistical tests applied), whereas no significant difference was found in the superior parts of the pelvis. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, a modest field size reduction in adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer seems feasible, offering the perspective of a reduction in acute and late side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hormone replacement therapy and risk for foot, distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis fractures.

This case-control epidemiologic study examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for fractures of four sites among women 45 years of age and older. From October 1996 to May 2001, incident patients with distal forearm ( n=744), foot ( n=618), proximal humerus ( n=331), and pelvis ( n=109) fractures were recruited from five Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers in northern California. Controls ( n=1617) were selected at random from the same five medical centers over the same time period within strata defined by 5-year age group, gender, and white versus nonwhite or unknown recorded race/ethnicity. Trained interviewers collected information using a standardized questionnaire. Compared with postmenopausal women who never used HRT, postmenopausal women currently using HRT for at least 3 months had a decreased risk of fracture at the distal forearm (adjusted OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.72), proximal humerus (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.74), and pelvis (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.95), but not the foot (adjusted OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.35). Past use of HRT for more than 7 years also appeared to be associated with a reduced risk of fracture at the distal forearm and proximal humerus. The longer a woman went without HRT after her last menstrual period, the greater her risk of fracture in the distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis. The findings of this study support long-term, current use of HRT for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures, but other risks and benefits also need to be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Multislice CT of the pelvis: dose reduction with regard to image quality using 16-row CT.

To optimize examination protocols of 16-row multi-detector CT (MDCT) of pelvis for dose reduction with regard to image quality. MDCT of pelvis was performed on 12 cadaver specimens with stepwise reduction of tube current from 160 mA (113, 80, 56, 40, 28) to 20 mA at 120 kV. Scan parameters were 16 x 1.5 mm collimation. Reconstructions of axial and coronal images were used for evaluation of cortex, trabeculum, image quality, image noise, acetabulum and iliosacral (ISJ) joints. After data were blinded, evaluation of images was done by three radiologists according to 5-point Likert scale. Accuracy of the observers in sorting films according to dose reduction was determined with kappa coefficient. Mean values of image evaluation were determined. Pronounced deterioration of image quality for all criteria was observed between 80 and 28 mA. Adequate image quality was obtained at 40 mA [effective dose (E): 2.2 mSv, CTDI(w): 2.8 mGy] for criterion detailed definition of acetabulum and ISJ and at 80 mA (E: 4.4 mSv, CTDI(w): 5.6 mGy) for remaining criteria. Moderate agreement was observed between the three observers (kappa coefficient: 0.31). All observers were excellent in arranging images according to decreasing dose. Using 16-row MDCT image quality of pelvis is acceptable at 80 mA and 120 kV. This translates into a dose reduction of 33% of average value of the nationwide survey of the German Roentgen Society (1999) for this type of examination.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis.

Pelvis and spinal curves were studied with an angular parameter typical of pelvis morphology: pelvic incidence. A significant chain of correlations between positional pelvic and spinal parameters and incidence is known. This study investigated standards of incidence and a predictive equation of lordosis from selective pelvic and spinal individual parameters. One hundred and forty nine (78 men and 71 women) healthy adults, aged 19-50 years, with no spinal disorders, were included and had a full-spine lateral X-ray in a standardised upright position. Computerised technology was used for the measurement of angular parameters. Mean-deviation section of each parameter and Pearson correlation test were calculated. A multivariate selection algorithm was running with the lordosis (predicted variable) and the other spinal and pelvic parameters (predictor variables), to determine the best sets of predictors to include in the model. A low incidence (<44 degrees ) decreased sacral-slope and the lordosis is flattened. A high incidence (>62 degrees ) increased sacral-slope and the lordosis is more pronounced. Lordosis predictive equation is based on incidence, kyphosis, sacral-slope and +/-T9 tilt. The confidence limits and the residuals (the difference between measured and predicted lordosis) assessed the predicted lordosis accuracy of the model: respectively, +/-1.65 and 2.41 degrees with the 4-item model; +/-1.73 and 3.62 degrees with the 3-item model. The ability of the functional spine-pelvis unit to search for a sagittal balance depended both on the incidence and on the variation section of the other positional parameters. Incidence gave an adaptation potential at two levels of positional compensation: overlying state (kyphosis, T9 tilt), underlying state (sacral slope, pelvic tilt). The biomechanical and clinical conditions of the standing posture (as in scoliosis, low back pain, spondylisthesis, spine surgery, obesity and postural impairments) can be studied by comparing the measured lordosis with the predicted lordosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Unique foreign body injury: bamboo penetration of thigh and pelvis while skiing.

We present a case of traumatic bamboo foreign body penetration through the posterior thigh extending cephalad into the pelvis sustained during skiing. The unsuspected bamboo foreign body was missed prospectively on the initial portable trauma radiograph of the pelvis, but was retrospectively quite apparent as a linear 12 x 2-cm radiolucent region overlying the left pelvis and hip region. On CT examination, the bamboo stick appeared as a round cylindrical air-filled structure of high density compared to soft tissue - the typical appearance of bamboo. Bamboo foreign bodies can be recognized radiographically by this typical appearance, since it is one of the few wood products that causes high attenuation relative to soft tissue on CT.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

The mortality of patients with minor fractures of the pelvis.

This simple study was undertaken because clinical audit revealed that several patients died from sudden massive pulmonary embolism following minor fractures of the pelvis. It is well known that pulmonary embolisms may complicate a major fracture of the pelvis, but so far no study has looked at the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism after minor fractures. This survey, therefore, is a retrospective survey of 50 consecutive patients with a minor fracture of the pelvis, of whom seven died. In five patients the cause of death was a massive pulmonary embolus, and this occurred despite the fact that all patients were up and about as soon as pain permitted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Radiation therapy in prostate cancer: whole pelvis with prostate boost or small field to prostate?

The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify prostate cancer patients who would benefit from pelvic nodes irradiation (whole pelvis) as opposed to the small-field irradiation to the prostate only. Between 1975 and 1983, 126 patients were treated by whole pelvis (4,600-5,000 cGY) with prostate boost (2,000 cGY) radiation (WP + P). Median follow-up was six years and six months. Comparison was made with historic control of 116 patients irradiated at the same institutions between 1971 and 1977 by small field to the prostate (P) to a dose of 7,000-7,500 cGY. There was a significant five-year survival improvement in the current WP + P radiation in Stage C (72% vs 40%, p = 0.0004) and Stage B (92% vs 70%, p = 0.025) but not in Stage A2 patients. However, WP + P radiation significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) in only well and moderately but not in poorly differentiated carcinoma with a combined well and moderately differentiated five-year DFS of 63 percent compared with the 45 percent in P radiation (p = 0.0228). Local tumor control was significantly improved in WP + P radiation in only Stage C cancers with their local recurrence rate 16 percent as compared with the 34 percent in P radiation (p = 0.0172). Although acute radiation reactions were more frequent in WP + P than P radiation (61% vs 41%, p = 0.0022), chronic radiation morbidity in both series were similar. Thus, whole pelvis with prostate boost radiation should be utilized in Stage B and Stage C cancers as this has shown to increase the survival of the patient without increasing chronic radiation morbidity.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Tumors in the lower pelvis as imaged by vaginal sonography.

Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of cystic tumors in the lower pelvis of women. Most knowledge about the ultrasound image of such tumors is based on abdominal scanning. The value of vaginal sonography for evaluation of such tumors has, to the best of our knowledge, so far not been studied. This study was aimed at relating the vaginal sonographic image of tumors in the lower pelvis with the results of macro- and microscopic examination of the tumor. Special interest was paid to establishing ultrasound criteria for classifying unilocular tumors as benign or malignant. One hundred and eighty women who were operated on for pelvic tumors were included in the study. All women were evaluated by vaginal sonography the day before surgery. Ninety-four women were postmenopausal and eighty-six were still menstruating. Vaginal ultrasound characterized the tumor correctly as related to macroscopic examination in 96% (172/180). The sensitivity of vaginal sonography in identifying benign and malignant tumors was 82%, and the specificity, 92%. None of the unilocular tumors was malignant. Papillary formations on the inside of the cyst wall indicated an increased chance of the tumor's being malignant. There was a clear correlation between size of tumor and malignancy except for unilocular tumors. Vaginal sonography was shown to be accurate in characterizing cystic tumors in the lower pelvis. The present results also indicate that the probability that unilocular tumors less than 10 cm in diameter and without papillary formations, are malignant is low, irrespective of the woman's age.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The influence of altered head, thorax and pelvis mass on the postnatal development of the air-righting reaction in albino rats.

The experiments were performed on 18 albino newborn rats of both sexes. The postnatal development of the air-righting-reaction (ARR) of the rats was tested for 4 different falling heights (30, 40, 50 and 60 cm) with 3 different loading conditions: artificial alteration of the head, thorax and pelvis mass, respectively. The reaction was analyzed in terms of a three-segment model of the rat (three rotatable parts: head-thorax-pelvis with only one degree of freedom between successive segments). Loading of the head resulted in a delayed development of the first phase of the ARR, whereas loading of the trunk or pelvis slowed the second phase of development. In general, it appears that loading of a body segment results in a delayed development of the rotation of that segment during free fall. Furthermore, loading of a caudal region was associated with an earlier rotation of cranial segments. The completion of the ARR maturation process showed no dependency on either the location or the size of the load, suggesting that the postnatal development of the ARR is pre-programmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

High energy (42-66 MeV reactions) fast neutron dose optimization studies in the head and neck, thorax, upper abdomen, pelvis and extremities.

Five hundred and fifty patients were entered into a set of dose-searching studies designed to determine normal tissue tolerance to high energy (42-66 MeV reactions) fast neutrons delivered in 12 equal fractions over 4 weeks. Participating institutions included: The Fermilab (66 MeV p+----Be), The University of Washington (50 MeVp+----Be), U.C.L.A. (45 MeVH-----Be), M.D. Anderson Hospital (42 MeVH-----Be), and The Cleveland Clinic (42 MeVp+----Be). Patients were stratified by treatment facility and then randomized to receive 16, 18 or 20 Gy for tumors located in the upper abdomen or pelvis, and 18, 20 or 22 Gy for tumors located in the head and neck, thorax or extremities. Following completion of the randomized protocols, additional patients were studied at the 20.4 Gy level in the head and neck, thorax and pelvis. Normal tissue effect scoring was accomplished using the RTOG-EORTC acute and late normal tissue effect scales. Acute Grade 3 + toxicity rates in the head and neck were 19% for 20/20.4 Gy and 20% for 22 Gy. Time adjusted late toxicity rates in the head and neck at 12 months were 15% for 20/20.4 Gy and 0% for 22 Gy. The 18 Gy treatment arm of the head and neck protocol was dropped early in the study after only two patients were accrued. For cases treated in the thorax, acute Grade 3 + toxicity rates were 6% for 18 Gy, 15% for 20/20.4 Gy and 7% for 22 Gy. Late toxicity rates at 12 months were 0% for 18 Gy, 11% for 20/20.4 Gy and 18% for 22 Gy. Acute Grade 3+ toxicity rates in the upper abdomen were 0% for 16 Gy, 8% for 18 Gy and 12% for 20 Gy. There were no Grade 3 + late toxicities in the upper abdomen. In the pelvis, acute Grade 3 + toxicity rates were 0% for 16 Gy, 3% for 18 Gy and 3% for 20/20.4 Gy. Late Grade 3 + toxicities at 24 months were 20% for 16 Gy, 5% for 18 Gy and 24% for 20/20.4 Gy. In extremities, acute Grade 3 + toxicity rates were 7% for 20 Gy and 21% for 22 Gy while at 12 months, late Grade 3 + toxicity rates were 14 and 35%, respectively. The 18 Gy treatment arm of the extremities protocol was dropped early in the study after only two patients were accrued. Factors associated with normal tissue effects in addition to treatment dose are discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Contractile responses of the human urinary bladder, renal pelvis and renal artery to endothelins and sarafotoxin S6b.

1. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-3 (ET-3) and sarafotoxin S6b (SRFTX) produced a concentration-dependent tonic contraction of the human isolated urinary bladder, renal pelvis and renal artery with threshold at nM concentration. 2. In the bladder, the following order of potency was found: ET-1 greater than SRFTX greater than ET-3. In the renal pelvis, all peptides displayed similar affinity but, at high concentrations the maximal response was highest for SRFTX followed by ET-1 and ET-3. In the renal artery ET-1 and SRFTX were about equipotent and equieffective while ET-3 produced only a slight and inconsistent (2 out of 5 cases) vasoconstrictor response. 3. As shown previously for the human bladder muscle, the response to ET-1 in the renal pelvis was nifedipine (1 microM)-resistant while a consistent fraction of the response was blocked by nifedipine in the human renal artery. 4. These findings indicate that peptides of the endothelin family exert a potent contractile effect on various human smooth muscles. Participation of dihydropyridine- and voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the contractile response produced by these peptides may vary from one organ to another.

Endothelins↗
PubMed1983

Split-course versus continuous pelvis irradiation in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a prospective randomized clinical trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

In August 1980, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) completed a prospective randomized clinical trial for the comparison of a split-course versus a standard continuous course of pelvic irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix Stages II-B, III-A, III-B, and IV-A. The split-course consisted of 10 fractions of 250 rad each, 5 times a week, up to 2500 rad followed by a rest period of approximately 2 weeks and then another 2500 rad was given (250 X 10). The continuous course consisted of 30 fractions of 170 rad each, 5 times per week, for a total of 5100 rad. In both groups the external pelvis irradiation was followed by intracavitary brachytherapy in the uterus and vagina, with tandem-colpostat or tandem only, for a dose of 3000 rad at point A for the former, or at 2 cm from the center of the linear source for the latter. In cases where brachytherapy was not possible, a boost of external irradiation with reduced field, with a dose of 1600 rad (200 X 8) was advised. Three hundred and one patients were registered, of which 287 are currently evaluable. No differences between the treatments were detected for the following study end-points: treatment tolerance in terms of acute normal tissue reactions and completion of therapy, tumor control in the pelvis, severe late normal tissue reactions, and survival. In the entire study population the estimated tumor control in the pelvis at two years after initiation of therapy was: 81% for Stage II-B, 67% for III-A, 53% for Stage III-B, and 32% for Stage IV-A. The estimated two-year survival was: 70% for Stage II-B, 58% for III-A, 46% for III-B, and 23% for IV-A.

Adult↗