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PubMed1990

Septicemia in vaccinated and nonvaccinated turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3,4.

Sixty-four, 10-week-old turkeys were inoculated with a highly virulent field isolate (86-1913) of Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3,4 by an oculo-nasal-oral route. Inoculated turkeys were examined at 4, 8, 16, 20, and 24 hours post-inoculation for bacteremia and histologic lesions. Bacteremia was detected in one of six turkeys 8 hours after inoculation and in four of six turkey poults at 16 hours post-inoculation. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the spleens of two turkeys at 8 hours and from the spleens of all six poults 16 hours after inoculation. Peak concentrations of P. multocida reached 10(9) colony forming units per ml of blood. At 4 to 8 hours post-inoculation, isolate 86-1913 produced a fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia followed by severe pulmonary necrosis, pleuritis, vasculitis; and, at 16 to 24 hours post-inoculation numerous extracellular bacteria were observed. Hepatic lesions included focal heterophil aggregates 8 hours after inoculation; these progressed to hepatic necrosis. Numerous extracellular bacteria within sinusoids were present 16 to 24 hours after inoculation. At 16 to 24 hours post-inoculation, there was degeneration of periarteriolar reticular cells in the spleen; these cells progressed to coalescing coagulative splenic necrosis with extracellular bacterial colonies. A second group of 41, 10-week-old turkeys, previously vaccinated with the Clemson University strain of P. multocida serotype A:3,4, were challenged with isolate 86-1913.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella multocida in peritoneal dialysis: a rare cause of peritonitis associated with exposure to domestic cats.

Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients with only 10 cases reported in the literature so far. All cases were observed in patients with close contact with cats, usually with a direct puncture of the dialysis tubing. We report a case of Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in a patient maintained under continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), who had frequent and close contact with cats. Patients should be made aware of this potential complication and advised to keep domestic animals away from the location of their peritoneal exchanges.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Survival and transmissibility of Pasteurella pneumotropica.

Survival has been determined for Pasteurella pneumotropica on various surfaces found in an animal room at 23+/-1 degrees C and 50+/-10% relative humidity. Longest survival (120 min) was found on mouse hair, shortest (< 30 min) on laboratory coat fabric. Transmission experiments were performed using sentinel animals in order to evaluate the efficiency of their use for the detection of P. pneumotropica in quarantined mice. In sentinels exposed to infected mice by close contact, P. pneumotropica was detected by culture 2 weeks post-exposure and seroconversion 3 weeks after contact. Transfer of soiled bedding from Pasteurella-infected mice did not infect sentinels within a period of 12 weeks as tested by cultivation or serum antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella multocida-associated sinusitis in khaki Campbell ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).

Pasteurella multocida group B, serotype 3, was isolated from sinusitis-affected khaki Campbell ducks. To study the role of P. multocida in sinusitis, commercial khaki Campbell ducks were experimentally infected with P. multocida alone or combined with Escherichia coli. In Expt. 1, experimental ducks were infected with P. multocida intranasally or ocularly. A comparison was done by intranasal inoculation with pooled nasal discharge from the affected ducks or phosphate-buffered saline. The ducks intranasally inoculated with the nasal discharge or P. multocida showed sinusitis. In Expt. 2, E. coli alone or a combination of P. multocida and E. coli was intranasally inoculated into experimental ducks. The ducks intranasally inoculated with the combination of P. multocida and E. coli had sinusitis, the same as found in the field but less severe than that of the field cases. Pasteurella multocida was already present in litter/floor of duck farms. We concluded that P. multocida played a role in induction of sinusitis. However, the sinusitis in ducks may be initiated by poor management, especially in the brooding period of ducks.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pasteurella ureae endocarditis.

Pasteurella ureae is found in the normal human respiratory flora. We encountered a case of endocarditis caused by Pasteurella ureae. The patient was a 59-year-old man with a history of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. After treatment with antibiotics, blood cultures became negative, and the patient recovered completely. The incidence of endocarditis due to this organism is very rare; this case is the second clinically diagnosed case report.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Effects of intranasal inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, or a combination of both organisms on subsequent infection with Pasteurella multocida in pigs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of intranasal inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or Bordetella bronchiseptica on challenge with nontoxigenic Pasteurella multocida in pigs. ANIMALS: Seventy 3-week-old pigs. PROCEDURE: In experiment 1, pigs were not inoculated (n= 10) or were inoculated with PRRSV (10), P. multocida (10), or PRRSV followed by challenge with P. multocida (10). In experiment 2, pigs were not inoculated (n = 10) or were inoculated with B. bronchiseptica (10) or PRRSV and B. bronchiseptica (10); all pigs were challenged with P. multocida. Five pigs from each group were necropsied 14 and 21 days after initial inoculations. RESULTS: Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from tissue specimens of pigs challenged with P. multocida alone or after inoculation with PRRSV. However, in pigs challenged after inoculation with B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida was isolated from specimens of the nasal cavity and tonsil of the soft palate. Number of bacteria isolated increased in pigs challenged after coinoculation with PRRSV and B. bronchiseptica, and all 3 agents were isolated from pneumonic lesions in these pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infection of pigs with B. bronchiseptica but not PRRSV prior to challenge with P. multocida resulted in colonization of the upper respiratory tract and tonsil of the soft palate with P. multocida. Coinfection with PRRSV and B. bronchiseptica predisposed pigs to infection of the upper respiratory tract and lung with P. multocida. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B. bronchiseptica may interact to adversely affect respiratory tract defense mechanisms, leaving pigs especially vulnerable to infection with secondary agents such as P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A retrospective analysis on the epizootiological aspects of outbreaks of Pasteurella anatipestifer infection in turkeys in Minnesota.

The possible risk factors associated with outbreaks of Pasteurella anatipestifer infection in turkeys were analyzed to study the epizootiology of the disease. The data for the study was obtained from flocks affected and unaffected with Pasteurella infection. The results of the analysis suggested that overcrowding, preexisting viral infections, increased activity of wild birds on the farm, and shorter down time were possible factors that initiate the occurrence of the disease in turkey flocks. The statistical models used in the analysis predicted correctly 80% of the unaffected flocks (8 out of 10 flocks), and 95% of the affected flocks (13 out of 14 flocks). The overall correct prediction was 88% (21 out of 24 flocks). Fish meal and meat and bone meal, which are integral components of turkey feed, were analyzed for the possible presence of P. anatipestifer. Its presence in a sample of fish meal was demonstrated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pasteurella multocida pneumonia in a lupus patient: microbial identification with alveolar lavage fluid on blood culture medium].

BACKGROUND: Pasteurella multocida pneumonia mainly occurs in immunodepressed patients. Microbiological proof is difficult to obtain. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids developed pneumonia. She was given amoxicillin-clavulanate. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid cultures on gelose were negative but Pasteurella multocida grew on blood culture medium. DISCUSSION: Although the direct examination of bronchioalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated Gram negative coccobacilli, gelose cultures were negative, probably because of prior antibiotic therapy. The causal pathogen was only identified when BAL fluid was seeded on blood culture medium, allowing susceptibility tests and subsequent early adaptation of antibiotic therapy. This technique can be helpful in identifying the casual pathogen in microbial pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Virulence of raptor-origin Pasteurella multocida in domestic chickens.

Pasteurella multocida belonging to somatic serotype 1 and capsular type A has been known to cause avian cholera in domestic poultry. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 has also been isolated from raptorial birds. However, the capsular type for these raptorial isolates remains unknown. Moreover, the virulence of these raptorial isolates for domestic poultry has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to determine the capsular type of raptorial P. multocida serotype 1 isolates and to determine if these isolates were virulent for domestic chickens. Study chickens were inoculated with one of three P. multocida isolates. Isolate WESO-1 was obtained from a western screech owl (Otus kennicottii) and isolates RTHA-2 and RTHA-4 were isolated from two red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). These isolates were given by either the oral, intravenous, or intraocular route. Control birds were given brain-heart infusion broth. The capsular serotypes of three isolates were also determined. The RTHA-2 and RTHA-4 isolates belonged to P. multocida capsular type A. The WESO-1 isolate belonged to capsular type F. Results also demonstrated that, for the isolates examined, the intraocular route did not cause mortality in chickens. There was mortality in all groups for the intravenous route. However, various mortality patterns were observed when P. multocida was given orally for the three different isolates. The RTHA-4 isolate (serotype 1:A) was the most virulent for domestic chickens. The WESO-1 isolate (serotype 1:F) was the least virulent for chickens among the raptorial isolates examined.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Pasteurella multocida lung abscess. Study of a case with demonstration of a cat as vector].

We report a case of a lung abscess due to Pasteurella multocida, isolated from bronchial secretions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Antibodies against Pasteurella multocida were elevated in the patient, and absent in controls (including the patient's wife). The identity of the strain isolated in the patient and that in his cat was proved by molecular method using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Outbreak of Pasteurella pneumotropica in a closed colony of STOCK-Cd28(tm1Mak) mice.

Fifteen mice with Pasteurella pneumotropica orbital abscesses were noted in mice that were homozygous for a targeted Cd28 gene mutation. Only one mouse heterozygous for the Cd28 mutation was affected. According to phenotypic reactions and 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolates were most similar to biotype Heyl. This article provides evidence for an immunologic basis of susceptibility to P. pneumotropica infection. Fifteen mice with Pasteurella pneumotropica orbital abscesses were noted in mice that were homozygous for a targeted Cd28 gene mutation. Only one mouse heterozygous for the Cd28 mutation was affected. According to phenotypic reactions and 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolates were most similar to biotype Heyl. This article provides evidence for an immunologic basis of susceptibility to P. pneumotropica infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hypovitaminosis A on the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys.

It has been proposed that Pasteurella multocida can invade the host tissues via the mucous membrane. Vitamin A (VitA) deficiency has been associated with mucous membrane damage, such as squamous metaplasia. The objective of this study was to determine the early stages in the pathogenesis of P. multocida in VitA-deficient turkeys and clinically healthy turkeys. Fifteen-week-old VitA-deficient and clinically healthy turkeys were inoculated with P. multocida P-1059, a virulent strain, and the portal of entry, invasion, and localization of P. multocida were studied by microbial examination of the trachea, liver, and lung and histologic examinations of internal organs. Higher mortality was found in VitA-deficient turkeys. Pasteurella multocida was first reisolated from the trachea, secondarily from the liver and blood, and finally from the lung in both groups. Invasion of P. multocida into tissues occurred between 3 hr and 24 hr postinoculation in both groups. Our findings suggest that altered membrane integrity in VitA-deficient birds did not appear to change the time course of the systemic spread of P. multocida infection in turkeys and that the increased mortality seen in the VitA-deficient turkeys may be associated with immune system impairment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infraorbital sinusitis associated with Pasteurella multocida in pen-raised ring-necked pheasants.

Pasteurella multocida, somatic serotype 6, was isolated from the infraorbital sinuses of 8-wk-old ring-necked pheasants with severe sinusitis. In addition, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella haemolytica-like bacteria, Mycoplasma gallinaceum, and Mycoplasma glycophilum were also isolated from some of the sinuses. Clinical signs appeared 3 days after placement on the grow-out ranch. The sinusitis consisted of severe unilateral or bilateral distention of the sinuses by mucoid to caseous exudate. Mortality and morbidity were low. Birds responded to treatment with tetracycline after proper medication procedures. The source of the infection was not determined, though possible sources include the brood ranch, wild animals, or wild waterfowl.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity and drug susceptibility of the Pasteurella anatis isolated in chickens in Taiwan.

A strain of Pasteurella anatis (PA) was isolated from the sinus of an adult leghorn laying chicken with sinusitis, nasal discharge, drop in egg production, and low mortality, symptoms initially thought to indicate infectious coryza. The tiny, smooth, whitish colonies were identified as PA. To compare its pathogenicity with that of commercial broilers, nine groups, 10 birds per group, of 10-day-old broilers were individually inoculated with the strain of PA, Pasteurella multocida (PM), or Escherichia coli (EC) by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous inoculation. The PA was determined to cause the signs, lesions, and septicemic death, which are similar to the symptoms of PM or EC infection. At 1 wk postinfection (PI), the mortality rate was between that of PM and EC infection at 1 wk PI. Twenty antimicrobial-containing discs were evaluated, and the isolate was highly sensitive to cetiofer, amoxicillin, lincopectin, and furazolidone. Furthermore, it was moderately sensitive to tetracycline and enrofloxacin and only slightly sensitive to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, flumequine, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. The PA infection was treated successfully with amoxicillin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Pasteurella dagmatis.

This case of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Pasteurella dagmatis is the first to be reported in the English language medical literature. The two reported cases of native valve endocarditis due to P dagmatis are reviewed, and the treatment of Pasteurella-induced endocarditis is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural location of the cross-protection factor on in vivo and in vitro grown Pasteurella multocida.

Pasteurella multocida from infected turkey tissues expresses a unique immunogen called cross-protection factor (CPF) that induces immunity to challenge by both homologous and heterologous serotypes. In this study, we used a monoclonal antibody (AMP MAb) to CPF and protein A-colloidal gold (PACG) to locate CPF on P. multocida. After incubation with AMP MAb and PACG, CPF was detected at the bacterial surface and cell periphery of P. multocida in infected turkey liver and P. multocida isolated from infected turkey blood. CPF was not detected on P. multocida incubated with control monoclonal antibody. Pasteurella multocida isolated from infected turkey blood and cultivated in the peptone-based medium did not express CPF consistently, and some cells contained more CPF than others. The location of CPF also varied, and CPF was detected both intracellular and extracellular on the cell surface. In the latter cells, CPF was heavily concentrated to a specific lateral site or detected sloughing from the cell surface. These results correlate with laboratory observations that CPF detected on P. multocida from infected turkey tissues, P. multocida isolated from infected turkey blood, and P. multocida cultivated in peptone-based medium is associated with outer membrane fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Pasteurella multocida bacteremia due to non-bite animal exposure in cirrhotic patients: report of two cases.

Pasteurella species are very small gram-negative coccobacilli. They are normal flora found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract of many animals, and can cause various infections including septicemia and pneumonia. Human infection with Pasteurella multocida occurs commonly as a localized cellulitis caused by animal bites. This report described 2 rare cases of P. multocida bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Both patients had a history of contact with sick-appearing stray dogs, but neither had been bitten. P. multocida bacteremia should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who have a history of non-bite animal exposure. Avoidance of animal contact by immunocompromised patients is the most important factor in preventing pasteurellosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pasteurella multocida infection in Singapore.

A case of Pasteurella multocida infection in Singapore is presented. The patient was a 21-year-old Chinese male who developed fever and cellulitis with abscess formation of his right index finger after it was bitten by a stray cat. The organism was isolated in pure culture and identified as Pasteurella multocida subspecies septica. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy and had an uneventful recovery.

Adult↗