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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Experience in rendering ophthalmological care to the wounded].

Medical losses from ophthalmological injuries inflicted by small arms were from 2.2 to 4.5%, and taking into account concomitant injuries--up to 5.6%. Frequently there were binocular lesions, perforating wounds and destructions of eyeballs. Complicated ophthalmological operations were performed on patients who simultaneously had severe injuries of extremities, chest, abdomen, etc. Vitrectomy was a basic stage in the treatment of eye-penetrating wounds. Application of active measures for management of ophthalmological wounds at the stages of medical care made it possible to improve the outcome of treatment, diminish the frequency of purulent complications, for example endophthalmitis by 2 times.

Afghanistan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of preoperative testing on ophthalmologic and systemic outcomes in cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of ophthalmologic and systemic complications in patients who undergo cataract surgery without preoperative tests compared to subjects undergoing cataract surgery preceded by preoperative tests. METHODS: The randomized controlled study included 1276 consecutive patients admitted to the Institute of Ophthalmology of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia for cataract surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 638 were assigned not to undergo preoperative evaluation based on routine medical tests and electrocardiograms; the other 638 underwent preoperative evaluation based on said tests. Ophthalmologic and systemic complications were assessed intraoperatively and 1 month after surgery. RESULTS: Eleven intraoperative complications occurred in the group without preoperative tests and eight in the group with preoperative tests; at 1 month six complications were recorded in the group without tests and five in the group with tests. Systemic adverse events occurred intraoperatively in four patients, whereas no systemic adverse event was recorded at 1 month in either group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study have broad applicability, because the sample is representative of the population existing in numerous social and healthcare settings; they are of value for administrative purposes, because they may be taken as reference in resource allocation plans; and they have medicolegal implications, as the resulting conduct of healthcare providers is supported by a rigorous scientific study.

Cataract↗
PubMed2002

[Treatment of the sphenoid sinusitis with neuro-ophthalmologic syndromes].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnosis and the treatment of neuro-ophthalmologic syndromes caused by sphenoid sinusitis. METHOD: 5 cases with neuro-ophthalmologic syndromes caused by acute or chronic sphenoid sinusitis were reviewed, 3 of them were performed a sphenoidostomy and other two were treated by injecting antibiotics and steroid. RESULT: The surgery and antibiotics can relieve the headache. However, recovery of the neuro-ophthalmologic syndromes was inconstant. CONCLUSION: CT scan can provide an early diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The delayed surgery may be response for the unsatisfied treatment results.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Two children with arthritis and uveitis: the clinical importance of ophthalmologic screening in children with juvenile arthritis].

Two girls, aged 8 and 13 years, with a history of arthritis presented with already advanced uveitis. Neither girl had been screened for uveitis by an ophthalmologist according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Both patients had extensive posterior synechiae (adhesions between lens and iris) at their first ophthalmologic examination, which is associated with an unfavourable prognosis. At the last follow-up, the first patient had undergone seven ocular operations: five for glaucoma and two cataract surgeries. Uveitis occurs in 20% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The visual outcome of uveitis is negatively influenced by the presence of ocular complications at the first ophthalmologic examination. Ophthalmologic screening of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is very important because it is a common cause ofuveitis in childhood, the uveitis is usually asymptomatic, and there are sight-threatening complications. Screening is always important, even when the arthritis is in remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific features of manifestation of anterior optic tract gliomas in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis: ophthalmological and neurovisualizational aspects].

Gliomas of the anterior optic tract (AOT) (optic nerves, chiasms, and visual tracts) are benign slowly growing tumors usually detectable in childhood. These are a rather heterogenic group of tumors. The pattern and course of the disease are frequently affected by the presence of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1) in the patient. The ophthalmological symptoms of AOT lesion in the presence of NF-1 were analyzed in 80 patients aged 1 to 24 years (median 5 years). According to the ophthalmological symptoms and the pattern and extent of lesions to AOT structures, the authors identified 4 groups by the data of neurovisualization techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography) and revealed that the ophthalmological pattern reflected the site and degree of lesion to AOT structures. At the same time it is shown that there is a group of silent tumors attending without visual disorders. These tumors have the similar neurovisualization pattern, such as a moderate thickening of AOT structures and they occur in 13.8% of cases, as shown by the authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Retrospective analysis of the effect of vinpocetine infusion in ophthalmologic disorders].

Retrospective analysis of the effect of vinpocetine infusion in ophthalmologic disorders. The authors retrospectively examined the effect of vinpocetine infusion on various ophthalmological disorders. Based on the data of 280 patients they concluded that vinpocetine infusion has beneficial effects in numerous ophthalmologic disorders of vision and visual field. There was a clear difference regarding the response to treatment. Best results were achieved in diseases characterized by sclerosis, hypertonia and macular degeneration. The improvement was modest or progression was slowed in patients with nervus opticus ischaemia, glaucoma and myopia. These results are in accordance with the literature data. The beneficial effect of vinpocetine can be explained by the fact that the vessels of the eye are in direct connection with the cerebral circulation and hereby the circulation improving effect of vinpocetine could be effective. The neuronal effects of vinpocetine could also play a role at least in two ways. On the one hand by the direct effect exerted on the cells of retina (these cells are related to the neurons), and on the other hand by the improvement of the circulation and metabolism of the secondary visual cortex found in the occipital lobe (this effect is proved by PET studies).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lasers in ophthalmology.

Lasers in ophthalmology have evolved tremendously during the last 3 decades. The laser is a valuable tool for the ophthalmologist today and will continue to be in the future. Currently, through laser technology advancements, vision is being maintained for some patients who would otherwise have severely impaired eye sight because of the lack of appropriate intervention. With the recent advances in excimer laser research, many patients may not have to wear glasses at all. Laser surgery is also minimizing the need for hospitalization and is offering a cost-effective means of treatment for ophthalmologic conditions. Laser technology is indeed revolutionizing ophthalmology.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current role of CT in pediatric ophthalmology].

In spite of the recent and substantial improvements in MR technique, some problems still exist relative to its applications in routine clinical exams in pediatric ophthalmology. The main problems are: inadequate MR equipment, long examination time, and MR inability to demonstrate intraocular calcifications. Ocular and orbital ultrasound (US) studies are highly operator-dependent, and US utility has been especially described in evaluating ocular, but not orbital, lesions. In order to verify the actual role of CT in pediatric ophthalmology, the CT scans of 58 children with ophthalmologic pathologies, performed over a 2-year period, were reviewed and compared with definitive diagnoses. Seven separate CT findings for each pathologic condition were independently analyzed and correlated with histology. In agreement with other CT series, optic nerve gliomas were invariably intraconal, whereas histiocytosis-X, Ewing's sarcoma, olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma), metastatic neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma were extra-conal. Rhabdomyosarcoma, principally extraconal, frequently involved the intraconal and preseptal spaces, with permeative destruction of the osseous orbit and frequent intra/extracranial spread. Orbital spread was mainly observed in vascular tumors. CT showed great accuracy in evaluating punctuate calcifications in retinoblastomas and in metastatic neuroblastomas, and bone fragments within a zone of destruction in histiocytosis-X. Various characteristics of CT attenuation values were observed in pathologic tissues, and high attenuation and marked contrast enhancement were particularly observed in metastatic neuroblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. In congenital orbital abnormalities and inflammatory diseases, CT readily detected ocular malformations (microphthalmos and colobomata).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nevus sebaceus associated with major ophthalmologic abnormalities.

Nevus sebaceus rarely occurs as part of a syndrome consisting of central nervous system and ophthalmologic abnormalities. We describe a case of nevus sebaceus associated with an epibulbar complex choristoma and colobomas of the optic disc and peripapillary choroid, and review the dermatologic, ophthalmologic, and neurologic literature on the nevus sebaceus syndrome. When associated with other developmental abnormalities, nevus sebaceus and epidermal nevus have erroneously been considered to be a single entity. In this article, we delineate and emphasize the ophthalmologic abnormalities associated with the nevus sebaceus syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Postural deficiency syndrome. Its importance in ophthalmology].

The Postural Deficiency Syndrome (P.D.S.) is a clinical situation always accompanied by an alteration of the ocular and postural equilibrium and by a defect of proprioceptive and visual information. The P.D.S. patients may present an important ophthalmological symptomatology which the classical semiological methods are not able to identify. To study properly these patients it was indispensable to introduce new methods of ophthalmological exploration. Among these new methods, the A.A. point out specially the directional scotometry and the linear directional coordinometry, found out and introduced by them. All these methods have allowed to detect in P.D.S. patients, troubles of directional visual information and typical disturbances of the tonic convergence. As a result of their investigation, the A.A. also describe a new therapy to the P.D.S. This therapy may complement the effects of somatoanalysis and reprogramming, always essential in the treatment of this situation. This new therapy is based on the introduction of a special correction, by means of prismatic lenses of low power, prescribed according to the rules that the A.A. also disclosed. The prismatic correction, appearing to be extremely effective, is well accepted by the great majority of the patients. The investigation work performed by the A.A. gives a new dimension to ophthalmology in the field of diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment and rehabilitation of different situations of disability and incapacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ophthalmological findings in AIDS. A case report.

Ophthalmological findings in AIDS include retinal cotton-wool spots, retinal haemorrhages, cytomegalovirus retinitis, conjunctival manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma, and cranial nerve palsy. About 75% of patients with AIDS have ophthalmological abnormalities. All patients with AIDS, as well as those at high risk who have any ocular symptoms, should have a thorough ophthalmological evaluation. A case study is presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Evaluating the usefulness in neuro-ophthalmology of visual field examinations peripheral to 30 degrees.

The value of the information obtained from Goldmann manual kinetic perimetry beyond 30 degrees was examined. Of 229 randomly selected patients in a University eye clinic who had visual fields performed for reasons other than glaucoma or ocular hypertension only 3 patients had abnormalities confined to the PVF of one or both eyes. In none of these three patients was the PVF necessary to detect disease (Graves' disease, 2 cases; retinoschisis, 1 case). The PVF was useful in determining the localization of the disorder and/or the therapeutic management in 14 patients of whom 4 of these had retinitis pigmentosa and 5 had other disorders where the PVF showed the extent of the retinal damage. For ergo-ophthalmologic purposes the PVF was useful in 45 patients; most frequently because the extent of abnormality provided a basis for warning the patient. In some cases the PVF was considered to be useful for economic disability determination or to exclude significant PVF defects in a patient with only one visually useful eye. In 77 patients the PVF of each eye was abnormal but not of ergo-ophthalmologic significance. If these data can be extrapolated to automated static perimetry, there will be a very great incremental cost for any clinically useful information obtained from the examination of the PVF. Because the cost-effectiveness of the examination must be compared with competing methods of obtaining information, it is proposed that the PVF be examined (1) whenever indicated for ergo-ophthalmologic reasons, or (2) when the CVF examination does not resolve a clinical problem for which there is a reasonably high probability that (a) additional clinically useful information will be obtained by examination of the PVF after the results of the CVF examination have been analyzed, or (b) the eye is likely to have a condition that can be detected or followed best by PVF examination.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Ophthalmologic changes related to radiation exposure and age in adult health study sample, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

A 2-year ophthalmologic study of age and radiation-related ophthalmologic lesions among the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was conducted in 1978-80. The study sample in both cities was composed of all persons exposed to 100+ rad, their controls, and all other persons with a previous record of axial opacities or posterior subcapsular changes. Most of the losses were due to persons who refused to participate or for whom it was not possible to arrange for an ophthalmologic examination at the time of the regularly scheduled medical examination. It should be emphasized, however, that the loss of persons in both the control and the 100+ rad groups did not change systematically with increasing age by city. Increased lenticular opacities, other lens changes, and loss of visual acuity and accommodation occurred with increasing age in both exposed and control subjects as manifestations of the normal aging process. A highly significant excess risk for all age categories in the 300+ rad group in comparison to those in the control group was observed for both axial opacities and posterior subcapsular changes in Hiroshima, but not in Nagasaki. A stronger radiosensitive aging effect for persons who were under 15 years old at the time of the bombing (ATB) was observed for both axial opacities and posterior subcapsular changes in Hiroshima.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ophthalmological symptoms of chiasmatic gliomas in children in the pre- and postoperative periods].

The paper outlines the ophthalmological symptomatology in 61 children aged 2.5 to 15 years who had great and giant chiasmal gliomas. The ophthalmological symptomatology among the first clinical manifestations was found in 86.9% of cases and remained prevalent throughout the follow-up. There was a correlation between the status of visual functions and the site of a tumor. The tumor affected mainly the chiasma in 6.6% of cases, the chiasma and the both optic nerves in 26.2%, the chiasma and an optic nerve in 62.2%. The ophthalmological and neurological symptomatologies are of value in choosing a surgical treatment. A subtotal and partial removal of the tumor was performed in 51 and 10 patients, respectively. Its removal resulted in an improvement and stabilization of visual functions in 14.3 and 41.1% of cases, respectively. Thirty-three patients were followed up for 4 months to 8 years. Visual improvement occurred in 36.4% in the late period. There was a relapse in 9.1% of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Predictive diagnosis in familial adenomatous polyposis: evaluation of molecular genetic and ophthalmologic methods.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal-dominant precancerous condition characterized by the appearance of hundreds to thousands of colorectal polyps. The responsible gene (APC) has been mapped and identified. The cancer prevention policy for persons at risk (children and sibs of FAP patients) implies an early diagnosis of the disease. A presymptomatic diagnosis allows to limit the regular rectosigmoidoscopic examination to those persons having inherited the disease gene. Presymptomatic diagnosis can be achieved by molecular genetic methods (direct and indirect genotype analysis) and by funduscopic examination of retinal pigment anomalies that are characteristic for FAP. The aim of this study was to examine the power of the molecular genetic and ophthalmologic methods for presymptomatic diagnosis in FAP. For this purpose 60 FAP families with 171 persons at risk were examined. By direct mutation analysis a presymptomatic diagnosis was achieved in 32% of the persons at risk; indirect genotype analysis was possible in 88% of the families in which more than one FAP patient was available. The ophthalmologic examination allowed a presymptomatic conclusion in 79% of the persons at risk. In no case there was a discrepancy in the results between the methods applied. The ophthalmologic presymptomatic test is useful especially in families where the index patients has a new mutation in the APC gene that has not been identified.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1993

[Apropos of preventive ophthalmologic interventions in the child population of compulsory school age. Authors' experience].

The results are reported of work carried out during the last five years by the Center of Social Ophthalmology, director Prof. G. Scuderi, which is part of the II Division of the Ophthalmologic Clinic of Rome University "La Sapienza" with the object of trying out together with territorial units a model of preventive intervention acting as a filter for specialized university facilities. In other words, already existing facilities and medical personnel were to be used and trained for specific methods and techniques. From 1985 through 1990, 787 children selected by ophthalmologic screening by school doctors among the compulsory school population of the RM 3 and 5 districts were seen and submitted to periodic checks. This cohort included children aged 5 to 14 without significant differences in sex distribution and with prevalence of the 8 to 10 year olds. Each subject was submitted to complete eye examination including refractometry and orthoptics, color vision, biomicroscopic and ophthalmoscopic examination. The principal findings show that about 36% of subjects examined have a natural vision of 11/10 while the high percentage of ametropia observed was mainly represented by astigmatism and hypermetropy, albeit of minor intensity. Strabismus was found in 2.79% and implied marked visual deficit that was often refractory to any type of treatment. In addition, the prevalence was determined of other abnormalities concerning eye motility, color vision and pathologies involving anterior segment and eyeground. In their conclusion, the authors stress the rarity of organic ocular pathology in children (mostly represented by inflammatory changes of the adnexes and conjunctiva) whereas amblyopia was one of the main causes of visual deficit in children. They stress the importance of early therapeutic intervention in order to allow complete visual rehabilitation. The results of the clinical model for prevention were excellent so that it can even be proposed for large scale prevention of amblyopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Fetal alcohol syndrome--an ophthalmological and socioeducational prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The eye is a sensitive indicator of adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. Anomalies of the eyes and their adnexa are known to be associated with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), although long-term effects of these malformations are unknown. DESIGN: A prospective ophthalmologic follow-up (median, 11 years; range, 4 to 19 years) was performed in 25 children with FAS. Their social situation and educational status were also investigated. RESULTS: All but one of the children had ophthalmologic abnormalities. Fundus anomalies were observed in 23 children, of whom 19 had optic nerve hypoplasia. Thirteen children had concomitant strabismus. Microphthalmos, buphthalmos, phthisis, microcornea, coloboma of the iris and uvea, blepharoptosis, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and nystagmus were observed in single cases. The dysmorphology of the eyes remained unchanged during the follow-up period. In 2 children with severe mental retardation and, initially, very poor vision, the severe visual handicap persisted. Seventeen children had an initial visual activity > or = 20/70, which remained unchanged in 10 children and improved in 7 children, despite the presence of optic nerve hypoplasia in 14 of the children. Ten mothers died, 8 of them because of alcohol-related diseases, and only 4 of the mothers were able to take care of their children. Sixteen children went to schools for the mentally retarded, and only 3 children had a normal school education without extra teaching assistance. CONCLUSIONS: In children with FAS, the major sequela, ie, brain, damage, remains despite extensive medical, educational, and social support. The presence of ophthalmic signs, which persisted but did not deteriorate during the follow-up period, strengthens the diagnosis of FAS, and the high frequency of ocular involvement indicates the importance of a complete ophthalmologic evaluation in children with FAS.

Adolescent↗