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PubMed2026

Causal relationships between oral-gut microbiome and bone neoplasm-related phenotypes: Insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization.

The human oral and gut microbiota are the 4 largest microbial communities in the body and play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and influencing disease. Observational studies have suggested links between these microbiota and bone neoplasm-related phenotypes, but establishing causality has been challenging due to confounding factors and reverse causality. We conducted a bidirectional, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate evidence consistent with a potential causal association between the saliva and gut microbiota and various bone neoplasm-related phenotypes. Genetic instruments for saliva and gut microbiota were sourced from large genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted was the primary MR method, supplemented by 4 other MR techniques. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression, were performed to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity. In the forward MR analysis, Veillonella parvula from the saliva microbiota was associated with a decreased risk of bone and connective tissue neoplasms (β: -0.236, 95% CI: [-0.275, -0.197], P = 8.20E-33). MR analyses identified genetically predicted associations between several microbial taxa and bone neoplasm-related phenotypes. Reverse MR analyses showed that genetic liability to bone neoplasm-related phenotypes was associated with variation in the composition of the oral (e.g., Order Bacteroidales, Rothia mucilaginosa) and gut microbiota (e.g., Class Methanobacteria, Genus Eubacterium oxidoreducens group). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, as no statistical evidence of substantial heterogeneity or directional horizontal pleiotropy was detected. This study provides genetic evidence supporting a bidirectional causal relationship between specific saliva and gut microbiota and bone neoplasm-related phenotypes. Our findings identify several microbial taxa as potential candidates for future biomarker development and therapeutic investigation in bone neoplasm-related phenotypes. However, these genetically informed associations require further mechanistic, experimental, and prospective clinical validation before clinical application.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Proliferative patterns of rectal mucosa as predictors of advanced colonic neoplasms in routinely processed rectal biopsies.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the evaluation of rectal cell proliferation in routinely processed rectal biopsies of apparently normal mucosa can predict the presence of advanced colonic neoplasms. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients, who did not meet any of the following exclusion criteria, underwent total colonoscopy. Patients with nonadvanced adenomas, inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary predisposition to colonic cancer, or a history of colonic neoplasms were excluded. Patients with neoplasms in the distal 40 cm of the large bowel were also excluded. An adenoma was considered advanced if it had a diameter > 1 cm, or villous or severe dysplasia histology were present. In 26 of the 50 patients (Group A: 16 men, 10 women; mean age, 65 yr) advanced colonic neoplasms (advanced adenomas or cancer) were detected; in the remaining 24 (Group B: 13 men, 11 women; mean age, 66 yr) the large bowel was free of neoplasms. In all patients the proliferative patterns of apparently normal rectal mucosa were evaluated using the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 to assess the expression of Ki-67 antigen in routinely processed tissues. Proliferation index for the entire crypt, as well as proliferation indices for each of the five equal compartments, into which the crypt had been divided longitudinally, were calculated for each patient. RESULTS: The mean proliferation indices were similar between the two groups compared. The mean proliferation index for the upper crypt compartments (4 + 5) in the Group A patients was significantly higher than for those of the Group B patients (p < 0.01). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that among gender, age, and proliferative parameters, the pattern of cell proliferation in the upper rectal crypt (4 + 5) compartment was the only predictor of advanced colonic neoplasms (beta = 11.01, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the evaluation of the upward expansion of the rectal crypt proliferative zone in routinely processed rectal biopsies of apparently normal mucosa appears to predict the presence of advanced colonic neoplasms. These preliminary results should be confirmed in larger studies.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

From the archives of the AFIP. Ovarian epithelial neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Ovarian carcinoma is the most common cause of death from a gynecologic malignant neoplasm. The typically advanced stage at presentation and aggressive nature of these neoplasms result in an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 40%. Most malignant ovarian neoplasms are of the surface epithelial cell type, which includes serous, mucinous, clear cell, endometrioid, and Brenner tumors. However, among the epithelial neoplasms, benign lesions are more common than malignant neoplasms, and other entities (including nonneoplastic masses) are far more common causes of a pelvic mass. Imaging studies (ultra-sound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) can depict the tumor morphology: solid or cystic, unilocular or multilocular cystic, with or without thickening of the walls or septa, with or without papillary excrescences or other soft-tissue elements, and with or without calcifications. Evaluation of these morphologic characteristics allows attempted differentiation among malignant, benign neoplastic, and nonneoplastic lesions. Lesion characterization assists in surgical planning. Malignant neoplasms nearly always require laparotomy, whereas benign neoplasms may be managed laparoscopically. In the case of ovarian carcinoma, treatment is primarily surgical, and most patients also receive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, recurrence is common.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunoreactivity of canine epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms with monoclonal antibody B72.3.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3, which binds to a human tumor-associated glycoprotein termed TAG-72, was applied to a wide range of epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms from dogs. Immunoreactivity was detected by the use of an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase method. A variety of epithelial neoplasms, but none of the nonepithelial neoplasms, were positive (> or = 5% staining) for MAb B72.3. MAb B72.3 stained 100% (4/4) of gastric, 100% (6/6) of intestinal, 50% (2/4) of pancreatic, and 80% (4/5) of rectal adenocarcinomas but only 20% (1/5) of squamous cell carcinomas and 20% (1/5) of complex tubular mammary gland adenocarcinomas. None of the hepatocellular carcinomas and perianal and sebaceous gland adenocarcinomas stained. Most types of benign epithelial neoplasms did not stain, except for 75% (6/8) of rectal adenomas and 25% (1/4) of squamous cell papillomas. Normal gastrointestinal mucosa adjacent to and entrapped in neoplasms did stain with MAb B72.3. None of the benign and malignant nonepithelial neoplasms of mesenchymal, neuroendocrine, or lymphohematopoietic tissue origin stained. The results of this study demonstrate that MAb B72.3 has selective immunoreactivity for adenocarcinomas, especially those arising from the digestive tract; however, limited immunoreactivity was observed for other types of carcinomas and benign epithelial neoplasms and for normal gastrointestinal mucosa in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Radiation-induced thyroid neoplasms: evidence for familial susceptibility factors.

To determine if there is a familial component to susceptibility to radiation-induced thyroid neoplasms, we studied 572 individuals who were members of 286 sibpairs who received childhood radiation treatment and for whom follow-up information was obtained. Of these 572 individuals, 240 (42.0%) had thyroid neoplasms (benign and malignant), and 75 (13.1%) had surgically confirmed thyroid cancer. To test the null hypothesis, that neoplasm occurred without regard to family membership, it was necessary to take into account each individual's years at risk and known risk factors. These risk factors, analyzed by the proportional hazards model of Cox, were sex, age at time of radiation treatment, and treatment dose. For each individual, we calculated the cumulative hazard that a neoplasm would occur from that individual's specific risk factors and years at risk. Each individual was also assigned an indicator, D = 1 or 0, according to whether a neoplasm had occurred. Finally, for each individual we computed a residual, D minus the cumulative hazard. In the absence of familial effects, positive and negative residuals would be distributed without regard to family membership, whereas residuals would tend to have concordant signs and magnitudes within families if familial effects were present. Permutational methods, therefore, were used to determine whether the sum among families of the products of residuals within sibpairs was too large, compared to random pairing. For all thyroid neoplasms (both benign and malignant), within-family concordance was significant (P = 0.05, the observed sum among families of the products of residuals was larger than 9468 of 9999 permutations). For thyroid cancer considered alone, the same analysis did not demonstrate familial concordance conclusively, but the results were suggestive (P = 0.18). We conclude that in addition to the previously described risk factors of female sex, younger age at radiation exposure, and higher dose, it is likely that there are independent familial risk factors for developing thyroid neoplasms. Whether these are genetic or environmental factors remains to be determined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Duodenal neoplasms: predictive value of CT for determining malignancy and tumor resectability.

CT examinations of 25 patients with proved primary or metastatic duodenal neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed to determine if morphologic features seen on CT scans could be used to predict the benign or malignant nature of these neoplasms and to assess the effectiveness of using CT findings to predict tumor resectability. We studied 19 malignant and six benign tumors. Histologic proof was obtained by means of surgery in 20 patients and by endoscopic biopsy in five. CT features of tumor morphology were assessed in the 22 cases in which a duodenal tumor was seen on CT. These features included central necrosis, ulceration or excavation, and the location of the tumor with respect to the bowel wall. The specific morphologic features used to predict that a tumor was malignant included the presence of an exophytic or intramural mass, central necrosis, and ulceration. The only criterion used to predict that a tumor was benign was that the mass be entirely intraluminal. Whenever vascular encasement, invasion of contiguous organs other than the head of the pancreas, distant lymphadenopathy, or metastases were present, the tumor was predicted to be unresectable for cure. With the exception of three benign smooth muscle tumors, all tumors with one or more CT morphologic features indicative of a malignant neoplasm were malignant (n = 16). Three of four intraluminal masses were benign. In three cases of polypoid tumors smaller than 2 cm, a duodenal tumor was not seen on CT. Whenever extraduodenal disease was found (15 cases), the neoplasms were malignant. In the 22 cases in which a tumor was detected on CT, the sensitivity of using the presence of one or more morphologic features associated with a malignant neoplasm as a predictor was 94%; the specificity was 50%, and the accuracy was 82%. If the presence of any morphologic feature indicative of a malignant neoplasm was combined with the presence of any finding of extraduodenal disease, CT was 100% sensitive and 86% accurate for predicting that the tumor was malignant. CT appears to be reliable for predicting duodenal tumor resectability. On the basis of CT findings, 10 tumors were correctly predicted as being unresectable for cure, and 12 were predicted as being resectable; no surgery was performed in the remaining three cases. In conclusion, evaluation of the morphologic features of duodenal neoplasms is a sensitive, but nonspecific, method for predicting that a tumor is malignant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

CD10 expression in cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and a potential role for differentiating cutaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

CONTEXT: Recent investigations have demonstrated the utility of CD10 as a marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cutaneous metastases occur in up to 11% of patients with RCC and may be the presenting sign of widespread disease. The differential diagnosis in histopathologic evaluation of these cases includes cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, and describing the expression of CD10 in these tumors may be helpful in delineating the differential diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine CD10 expression in a variety of adnexal lesions and to determine the diagnostic utility of CD10 in an immunohistochemical panel differentiating metastatic cutaneous renal cell carcinoma from cutaneous adnexal neoplasms. DESIGN: We studied 57 primary adnexal neoplasms of eccrine (n = 31), apocrine (n = 16), and sebaceous (n = 10) differentiation as well as normal skin (n = 3) and RCC metastatic to the skin (n = 4). A CD10 monoclonal antibody was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Specimens were randomized and categorized as immunopositive or immunonegative by a pathologist with expertise in immunohistochemistry who was blinded to the diagnoses. RESULTS: Two (6.5%) of 31 eccrine, 1 (6%) of 16 apocrine, and 4 (40%) of 10 sebaceous neoplasms demonstrated CD10 immunopositivity. Four (100%) of 4 RCC were CD10 immunopositive. CD10 expression was significant for eccrine and apocrine neoplasms (P < .001) compared to metastatic RCC, but not for sebaceous neoplasms (P = .08). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, CD10 is a useful additional immunostain for the discrimination of RCC metastatic to the skin and cutaneous adnexal neoplasms with eccrine and apocrine differentiation, but not with sebaceous differentiation.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1998

[Cutaneous neural neoplasms--an update].

Until recently, benign cutaneous neural tumours which do not fulfill criteria for either neurofibroma or schwannoma often were lumped into the broad category of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNST). However, during the last years a number of new entities of neural tumours has been described, and advances in immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy have helped us better to understand the cytological differentiation in these neoplasms. The knowledge of these distinctive neoplasms is necessary in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and misdiagnosis of more aggressive neoplasms. These distinctive lesions include: Neurothekeoma, which can be divided into classical myxoid and cellular types showing characteristic histological and immunohistochemical features. Typical neurothekeoma (nerve sheath myxoma) is a lobular or nodular dermal neoplasm composed of plump spindled or stellated S-100 positive tumour cells set in a myxoid stroma. In contrast cellular neurothekeoma is characterized as an ill-defined dermal neoplasm composed of concentric nests and fascicles of spindle-shaped and epitheloid tumour cells, which are S-100 negative but stain positively for NKIC3. The evidence of intermediate forms of neurothekeoma showing features of ordinary, hypocellular neurothekeoma and cellular neurothekeoma, as well as ultrastructural studies emphasize, that both variants represent a spectrum of neurothekeoma. Solitary circumscribed neuroma ("palisaded encapsulated neuroma") manifests mainly as a skin-colored or pink papule or nodule, and is most often located on the face. Histologically, solitary circumscribed neuroma is a well-circumscribed round or ovoid dermal neoplasm composed of interwoven fascicles of schwann cells, which stain positively for S-100 protein, and numerous neurofilament positive axons surrounded partly by fibroblasts and EMA-positive perineurial cells. Perineurioma is a rare well-circumscribed neoplasm which occurs mainly in subcutaneous tissue and only rarely in the dermis and in deep soft tissue. Perineurioma is composed of elongated bipolar spindle-shaped tumour cells which are arranged in a storiform, linear or lamellated growth pattern. The tumour cells stain positively for vimentin and EMA, and for CD34 in a number of cases, but lack positivity for S-100 protein, neurofilament and desmoplakin. In addition unusual forms of schwannoma including cellular schwannoma, solitary plexiform schwannoma, and melanocytic schwannoma are briefly discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

The measurement of DNA content and ploidy analysis in thyroid neoplasms.

It is clear that the DNA content of endocrine cells is influenced by factors other than neoplastic change and transformation. Although it can be concluded that, in general, the DNA content of neoplasms is increased, it is less clear whether this increase in DNA content is the cause or the effect of neoplastic transformation. The actual consequences of an increased DNA content are still largely unknown. However, based on a substantial body of data on the measure of nuclear DNA content in thyroid neoplasms, several conclusions appear to be reasonable. First, the measurement of nuclear DNA content and ploidy analysis are not sufficiently reliable parameters upon which to distinguish a benign from a malignant thyroid neoplasm. Therefore, this parameter has failed to live up to the expectation that it would be a powerful diagnostic tool. Second, the measurement of nuclear DNA content is useful after a histomorphologic diagnosis has been made since it correlates very well with the prognosis and clinical outcome of the patient. It is clear that aneuploid thyroid carcinomas are responsible for earlier recurrence, an increased likelihood of distant and diffuse metastases, and an increased incidence of death compared with diploid thyroid carcinomas. Except for the rare occasion, diploidy implies a uniformly long-term survival whereas aneuploidy is associated with a variable clinical course. Irrespective of histomorphology, lethal lesions of the thyroid are invariably aneuploid, whereas lesions associated with prolonged survival or a favorable outcome can be either diploid or aneuploid. Aneuploidy in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is more likely in older patients, in less well-differentiated neoplasms, and in neoplasms infiltrating beyond the thyroid capsule. Age, type of neoplasm, extrathyroidal extension, and recurrent disease all appear to be more important prognostic variables than is nuclear DNA content. However, nuclear DNA content can increase the prognostic power of these variables and consequently may come to be increasingly useful in the management of some patients with thyroid neoplasms. After a histomorphologic diagnosis has been made, the measurement of nuclear DNA content and a determination of the DNA ploidy may have significant prognostic value.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

[Clinicopathological study on multiple primary malignant neoplasms, related to the oral-maxillofacial region].

The present study consists of a clinical and histopathological analysis of those cases which were diagnosed as multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the oral-maxillofacial region and the other organs. 9 patients of those multiple primary malignant neoplasms out of 261 patients of malignant neoplasms in the oral-maxillofacial region, who visited in out department from 1975 to 1986, were detected. 3.4% of the incidence rate was calculated. All the cases were male, and these included each 1 case of triple and quadruple. 7 cases were detected prior in the oral-maxillofacial region to the other organs. There seemed to be a preponderance to early detection of a neoplasm in the oral-maxillofacial region. Therefore, the possibility of multiple primary malignant neoplasms should be kept in mind in the routine clinical activities. 2 cases were synchronous, 6 months or less interval between the first and the second neoplasms, the others were metachronous, averaged 5-year interval. The primary sites in the oral-maxillofacial region were tongue (3 cases), floor of the mouth (2), buccal mucosa (2), lower gingiva (1), maxillary sinus (1), all of them were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinomas, histopathologically. The other organs were esophagus (3 cases), stomach (2), colon (2), lung (2), liver (1), urinary bladder (1), hypopharynx (1). Histopathological diagnoses of them were squamous cell carcinomas (3 cases of esophagus, each 1 case of lung, urinary bladder, and hypopharynx), adenocarcinomas (2 cases of stomach and colon, and 1 case of lung), and a hepatoma. It's necessary to differentiate the multiple primary malignant neoplasms from metastases when each of them were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

The case for parallel classification of biliary tract and pancreatic neoplasms.

Most primary epithelial neoplasms found in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tracts and the pancreas have similar histologic appearances. The degree of similarity of tumor types is greater than is commonly appreciated and extends to rare neoplasms. It has been suggested that parallel classifications could be used for tumors arising in these sites. However, significant differences in terms used to denote histologically identical neoplasms are found in the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of biliary tract tumors and the new WHO classification of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. Mutations of oncogenes and abnormalities of tumor suppressor genes found in ductal adenocarcinomas from the two sites are also similar, although they have somewhat different frequencies. These histologic and molecular similarities provide strong support for the use of parallel descriptive diagnostic terminology for neoplasms arising in the pancreas and the biliary tract. The revised WHO classification of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms accommodates most types of biliary tract neoplasms and provides a new basis for standardization of nomenclature.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreas.

Intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreas have been recently described and relatively rare, but these lesions represent a distinct, however pathologically heterogeneous entity with shared clinical features. We analyzed the clinicopathologic and cytogenetic characteristics of eight patients with intraepithelial neoplasms. Based on our hypothesis that tumor ploidy pattern correlates with ploidy, synthetic (S) phase and proliferative fractions of each neoplasm by flow cytometry. Analysis of the nuclear DNA content of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms in this study supports our hypothesis. Each neoplasm demonstrated diploid stemline, with a low S-phase fraction. The diploid DNA pattern and the low proliferative activity are consistent with the nonaggressive behavior of the tumors and, in part, explain the favorable prognosis of intraepithelial neoplasms. Intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreas constitute a rare, but surgically curable, localized disease with a good prognosis following radical resection. The most valuable tool in the diagnosis of these preinvasive lesions is ERCP combined with brush cytology. This study supports the potential value of flow cytometric DNA analysis in determining outcome, as the diploid DNA pattern and low S-phase fractions correlate with the nonaggressive biological behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Utility of immunohistochemistry in separating thymic neoplasms from germ cell tumors and metastatic lung cancer involving the anterior mediastinum.

A variety of primary and metastatic neoplasms can involve the anterior mediastinum and have similar radiographic or histologic appearances. We report an immunohistochemical (IHC) panel that includes CD5, placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, CK5/6, and CD57 for the separation of thymic neoplasms from germ cell tumors (GCTs) and metastatic lung malignancies. One hundred cases representing different types of neoplasms involving the anterior mediastinum were retrieved and consisted of 20 pulmonary adenocarcinomas (PAs), 20 pulmonary large cell carcinomas (PLCs), 20 pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs), 20 thymomas (Ths), 10 invasive thymomas (IThs), and 10 thymic carcinomas (TCs). Fifteen cases of GCTs were also included in the study. CD5 was positive in 17 of 20 PAs, 11 of 20 PLCs, 2 of 15 GCTs, and 9 of 10 TCs. PLAP was positive in 5 of 20 PAs, 2 of 20 PLCs, 1 of 20 PSCCs, and 11 of 15 GCTs. TTF-1 was positive in 18 of 20 PAs, 10 of 20 PLCs, and 2 of 20 PSCCs. CK7 was positive in 20 of 20 PAs, 15 of 20 PLCs, 8 of 20 PSCCs, 5 of 15 GCTs, 11 of 20 Ths, 7 of 10 IThs, and 4 of 10 TCs. CK20 was positive only in 2 of 20 PAs. CK5/6 was positive in all cases of PSCC, Th, ITh, and TC, in 9 of 20 PLCs, and 1 of 15 GCTs. CD57 was positive in 9 of 20 PAs, 3 of 20 PLCs, 8 of 15 GCTs, 13 of 20 Ths, and 6 of 10 IThs. In conclusion, CD5 had low specificity for TC (60%) because it also stained 85% of PA and 55% of PLC. CK5/6 was a sensitive but not a specific IHC marker for the epithelial component of thymic neoplasms (100%); TTF-1 had a good sensitivity (90%) and excellent specificity (100%) for distinguishing PA from thymic neoplasms. An IHC panel consisting of CD5, CK5/6, PLAP, TTF-1, and CD57 is useful for the separation of thymic neoplasms from other epithelial malignancies involving the mediastinum.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1998

[Insufficient understanding of second tumors after childhood neoplasms in Switzerland].

Second malignancy after childhood neoplasms is a well-known complication. However, frequency differs considerably according to the types of primary neoplasm and the specifics of therapy. Ten patients with a second malignancy after being cured of the primary tumor are described. There were 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and one with breast cancer after Hodgkin's disease. Two patients with heritable retinoblastoma developed osteosarcomas in the irradiation field after a latent period of 7 and 14 years respectively. There was another osteosarcoma in a Wilms' tumor survivor. One patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed a secondary AML 10 years after achieving initial remission, and a meningioma was diagnosed in another patient with cured acute lymphoblastic leukemia. One patient died of peritoneal sarcomatosis of unknown origin 20 years after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. All patients received radiotherapy for the primary neoplasms. Secondary neoplasms in other patients were probably missed because they occurred in adulthood when the patients were transferred to other medical centres. It is impossible to trace these patients because central registration of patients with neoplasms is lacking. It is therefore important to establish a central cancer registry for the whole of Switzerland. Second malignancy after childhood cancer is not a rare event and requires long-term follow-up of patients with neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical heterogeneity of CD-30-positive neoplasms: so-called anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphomas.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), also referred to as Ki-1 lymphomas, was first recognized as an entity with characteristic light microscopic appearance in 1985. This tumor is composed of variably cohesive cells, often with large, markedly atypical, and multinucleated cellular forms. The recognition of ALCL resulted from the development of a monoclonal antibody in Kiel, Germany, named Ki-1, which was initially believed to be a putative marker for Reed-Sternberg cells. This antibody was later found to be specific against the epitope CD-30. Attempts to create strict criteria to preserve this neoplasm as a specific entity have undergone evolution. However, it is now clear that included in this group are a variety of pleomorphic neoplasms with CD-30 immunoreactivity. Some of these neoplasms are nonlymphoid and show marked heterogeneity in their immunohistochemical and ultrastructural profiles. This article aims to highlight the ultrastructural spectrum of neoplasms exhibiting CD-30 positivity that are within the spectrum of ALCL. It remains to be determined if there are subgroups of these CD-30-positive neoplasms that can be segregated on the basis of ultrastructural and immunohistochemical criteria with corresponding clinical correlates that may impact on their management, treatment, and prognosis. We review here the heterogeneity of CD-30-positive neoplasms (so-called anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphomas).

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

[Gastric carcinoma associated with other primary malignant neoplasms. A retrospective study of 25 cases].

BACKGROUND: The risk of developing a second neoplasm in a person with gastric carcinoma (GC) is higher than among general population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical findings in patients with GC associated with other primary malignant neoplasms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with GC associated with extragastric tumours were retrospectively studied. The following characteristics were studied: age, sex, location and staging, free interval, therapy, and survival. Survival of 13 patients with GC diagnosed as primary tumour was compared with that observed in a control group of 62 patients with GC alone. RESULTS: Twenty-five out of 792 (3.1%) patients with GC had other primary malignant neoplasms (seven synchronous and 18 metachronous). GC was associated with respiratory tumours in 7 cases. Sixty percent of patients with GC who had a second neoplasm had it diagnosed within the first year after gastric tumour was diagnosed (8 out of 13). Survival at 18 months was similar, both in the GC group with a second tumour as in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The development of a second neoplasm among patients with GC usually occurs within the first year after diagnosis. Most commonly, the second neoplasm seats in the respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple primary neoplasms in patients with testicular germ cell tumor.

The study of multiple primary neoplasms may provide more insight into the pathogenesis of specific cancers and, secondly, it addresses the issue of treatment-related induction of second tumors. 584 consecutive patients with testicular germ cell tumors treated during 1969-1992 in Berlin were retrospectively analyzed for the prevalence of multiple primary neoplasms. 23 patients (16 pure seminoma, 7 nonseminoma) developing nontesticular malignancies in addition to testis cancer were identified (3.9%, 95 confidence intervals +/- 1.6%). The mean age at the time of the testis cancer was 42.8 years, and mean age at the time of nontesticular malignancy was 50.2 years. In 4 cases, the nontesticular malignancy preceded testis cancer, in 3 patients both neoplasms occurred simultaneously, and in 16, nontesticular malignancies developed subsequently to testis cancer. In 4 patients, triple malignancies were observed. Bladder carcinoma and bronchogenic cancer with each 3 cases were the most frequent second neoplasms seen in these patients. 9 consecutive cancers developed within radiation fields, the median latency period in these cases was 12 years. None of the subsequent cancers developed after chemotherapy. It is concluded that genetic predisposition and radiation effects are the most important factors contributing to the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in patients with testicular germ cell cancer. The high rate of multiple primary neoplasms in these patients lends further evidence to the theory of genetic anticipation of germ cell cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Social life factors affecting major malignant neoplasms in Japan.

The effects of a wide variety of social life factors on the mortality of five major malignant neoplasms, i.e. those of the stomach, lung (and trachea and bronchus), breast and uterus, and leukemias, in 46 prefectures in Japan were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis twice at a 5-year interval. The results indicated the following three predisposing factors for malignant neoplasms: rural residence for leukemias; urban residence for the remaining four neoplasms including those of the uterus and stomach; and low income for the neoplasms of the uterus and lung (and trachea and bronchus). On the other hand, old age was assumed to be the protective factor for the mortality of the neoplasms of the breast. It is suggested that urban residence is the principal factor affecting the mortality of various malignant neoplasms in Japan.

Adolescent↗