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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of monozygosity in multiple births by DNA fingerprinting].

The incidence of monozygotic twins is one in 250 pregnancies. Triplets are estimated to occur in 1 of 86(2) pregnancies. Determination of zygosity may be done by comparison of physical characteristics, blood group or tissue typing, chromosome studies, or examination of various other polymorphic protein markers. Here we describe the differentiation between monozygotic and dizygotic twins and triplets by DNA-fingerprinting. This is a fast, non-invasive and reliable (error probability 0.003%) method to determine monozygosity of twins or triplets. It is also a reliable paternity test.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1987

[Quintuplets in Lommatzsch--a historical contribution on multiple birth research].

Quintuplets were born in the little town of Lommatzsch near Meissen and Dresden, Saxony, on June 25, 1688. This birth of quintuplets, though not yet considered by medical literature, is historically authentic. Evidences of this exceptional event are notations in the birth and death registers of the town parish church in Lommatzsch, a letter reporting on the "unusual event" to the elector Johann Georg III (1600-1691) and the so-called five-children gravestone. On the basis of these Lommatzsch quintuplets, the author deals with interesting aspects of social life and medicine within the living conditions in a small town around the turn from the 17th to the 18th century.- Other historical multiplets are referred.

Germany↗
PubMed1997

Relationship of clomiphene dose and patient weight to successful treatment.

Our objective was to examine the relationship between patient weight and the dose of clomiphene required for pregnancy so as to assess the validity of recommendations that the dose of clomiphene be limited to 100 mg. We retrospectively analysed the weight-dose relationship in 1681 clomiphene pregnancies and the relationship between dose and pregnancy, births, multiple births, number of pre-ovulatory follicles and endometrial thickness in 2841 cycles of clomiphene treatment, 25-250 mg, for 5 days before intrauterine insemination (IUI). Doses of clomiphene >100 mg/day were used before pregnancies in 27.4% of patients who weighed >90 kg and in 14.7% of all pregnancies. In IUI cycles, pregnancies and births, but not multiple births or abortions, were related to dose. An increase in dose from 25 to 100 mg resulted in higher pregnancy and birth rates, and in an increase in the average number of pre-ovulatory follicles > or =12 mm in diameter, from 2.0 to 2.8, with no additional increase at higher doses. Endometrial thickness and cycle day of insemination were not related to dose. We conclude that doses of clomiphene may safely be increased beyond 100 mg, and that doses > or =100 mg are required in significant numbers of patients.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Can by preventive cervix cerclage the premature birth rate in multiple pregnancy be reduced? A retrospective statistical analysis on effectiveness of cerclage using the Bavarian Perinatal Survey 1978-1980].

Through a retrospective statistical analyzation of 3081 multiple births with 907 cerclage of BPE from 1978-1980, among which included 77 multiple births and 61 Cerclage cases of the Amberg gynecology clinic, could be proved that the liberal use of prophylactic cerclages could not reduce the premature birth rate of multiple birth pregnancies.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2006

Assisted reproductive technology: both sides now.

Over the last 2 decades, increased pregnancy success has been achieved by assisted reproductive technology (ART) at the expense of perinatal well-being from a corresponding rise in multiple births. Multiple pregnancies increase the risk of prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Together with recent concerns about possible birth defects and long-term developmental sequelae, modern ART practice is increasingly scrutinized for such adverse perinatal outcomes. Hence, it is mandatory for infertility specialists to look at ART from both sides now--its success and its complications. This article summarizes the prevalence of multiple pregnancies, the risk of low birth weight and possible birth defects, and long-term developmental sequelae associated with ART and discusses some potential approaches to minimizing these perinatal complications. Reducing the number of embryos transferred is an immediate action that can minimize adverse perinatal outcomes associated with multiple births. Continuous refinements in ART techniques will allow the transfer of a single embryo with equivalent rates of pregnancy success leading to a healthy, singleton live birth.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2003

The impact of multiple preterm births on the family.

Multiple births are important contributors to the preterm and low birthweight population and the numbers of twin births have been steadily rising since the early 1980s in all developed countries. This is largely due to the increased use of ovulation induction and multi-embryo transfer in the treatment of subfertility. Parents of preterm twins have been shown to be less responsive to their infants than those with singletons. Parental stress with twins has also been demonstrated by the higher incidence of maternal depression and of child abuse in multiple birth families. Furthermore, siblings of twins are more likely to have behaviour problems. Mortality and long-term morbidity rates are greatly increased amongst multiple birth children. The problems of the single surviving twin and the unaffected co-twin of a disabled child are often underestimated as is the complexity of the bereavement of parents who still have surviving multiples. Addressing the cause of the epidemic of iatrogenic multiple births is likely to be the single most effective way to reduce the number of preterm infants and the long-term problems to which they are prone.

Bereavement↗
PubMed2004

[Mother-infant Interactions with Very Low Birth Weight multiple newborns (< 1500 g). A comparison of mother-multiple and mother-single births].

BACKGROUND: Assisted reproductive techniques and fertility enhancing therapies have increased the rate of multiple births and, therefore, the risk of prematurity. Our hypothesis is that mothers of preterm multiples are less able to provide such enhancing interactions than mothers of preterm singletons, resulting in a developmental disadvantage for preterm twins and triplets. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 77 very low birth weight preterms (VLBW) who were examined prospectively with their mothers in a longitudinal study, 35 were multiples and 42 were singletons. At a corrected age of three months the quality of the mother-infant interaction with multiples vs. singletons was examined. The Mannheim Rating System, a 40-item standardized observation instrument based on a 10 minute videotaped sequence of interaction, was used. RESULTS: The analyses showed several differences between mother-singleton and mother-multiple interactions. Mothers of multiples were less stimulating and reactive and showed less babytalk. Multiple infants were also less reactive than singletons. In mother-multiple dyads there were less verbal exchanges between mother and child. CONCLUSIONS: There are definite differences in mother-multiple compared to mother-singleton interactions, so that VLBW multiples may be at even greater risk for negative mother-infant interactions than singletons.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Canada: 2002 results from the Canadian ART Register.

OBJECTIVE: To present the success rates of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles performed in 2002 in Canada. This is the second annual report of Canadian ART outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-one of 22 ART centers in Canada. PATIENT(S): Couples undergoing ART treatment in Canada during 2002. INTERVENTION(S): Assisted reproductive technology treatments, including IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), frozen embryo transfer (FET), and oocyte donation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy, live birth, and multiple birth rates. RESULT(S): A total of 9,188 ART cycles was reported to the Canadian ART Register. There were 6,547 IVF/ICSI cycles using the woman's own oocytes. Per cycle started, the clinical pregnancy rate was 29.9% (36.0% per ET procedure) and the live birth rate was 23.8%; the multiple birth rate per delivery was 34.8%. Of cycles with oocytes retrieved, IVF was performed in 46% and ICSI in 54%; the outcomes were similar with the two procedures. There were 325 IVF/ICSI cycles using donor oocytes. The clinical pregnancy rate was 34.8% and the live birth rate was 24.6%; the multiple birth rate was 34.6%. There were 2,083 FET cycles using the woman's own oocytes. The clinical pregnancy rate was 20.9% and the live birth rate was 16.3%; the multiple birth rate was 25.2%. CONCLUSION(S): For 2002, the Canadian ART Register achieved 95% voluntary participation from Canadian ART centers. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates comparable to those of other countries were achieved. Success rates were higher in 2002 than in the previous year.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fetal growth and body proportion in preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of early- and late-onset preeclampsia on fetal growth and body proportion. METHODS: This was a population-based study based on records of 672,130 pregnancies from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during 1967-1998. Women with a prior birth, multiple births, those without valid data on the last menstrual period or newborn's crown-heel length, and chronic maternal disease were excluded. RESULTS: In newborns of women with preeclampsia, mean birth weight, crown-heel length, and ponderal index were 4.4%, 0.8%, and 2.6% lower than in births without preeclampsia, respectively. In preterm births, mean differences in birth weight ranged from -11% to -23% against near-equal birth weights in term births. Mean differences in crown-heel length and ponderal index ranged from -1% to -5% and from -5% to -10% before term, respectively. In late preeclampsia, rates of birth weight and crown-heel length above the 90th and 97.5th percentiles and ponderal index above the 97.5th percentile were slightly but significantly higher than in term births without preeclampsia (odds ratios = 1.1-1.5). However, infants born to mothers with preterm preeclampsia were less likely to be heavy, long, or with high ponderal index for gestational age (odds ratios = 0.4-0.6). CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that preeclampsia is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder that occurs in at least two subsets, one with normal or enhanced placental function, and another involving placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction, often with asymmetric fetal body proportion, reduced fetal length, and preterm delivery. In future studies, distinguishing between the two subtypes may be important.

Adult↗