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Results for “Medical Informatics Applications”

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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Harnessing the power of an intelligent health environment in cancer control.

In 1971, when Congress declared "war on cancer," the public's perception was driven by an image of a single cure for a single disease. What researchers have learned since that time is that cancer is a formidable enemy made up of more than 100 different disease etiologies. The war on cancer became a war of the 21st century; a war to be fought on multiple fronts against a diffuse enemy and for which prevention was the most judicious path to victory. To fight this new war on cancer, the National Cancer Institute must seek to harness the power of health informatics to create a supportive environment for transforming science, delivering safe and patient-centric health care, and creating an environment of personal empowerment in public health. Three different types of health informatics applications are implicated: (a) applications in bioinformatics, which are intended to revitalize the engine of scientific discovery; (b) applications in medical informatics, which will create a safer and more effective environment for delivery; and (c) applications in consumer informatics, which will enable individuals to advance the charge of their own ongoing health care over the course of their lives. To keep these applications on track, health care administrators must take a sociotechnical approach to implementation. The new systems must be built into the health care environment in such a way that they support human capacities, provide failsafe backups in the face of cognitive and physical limitations, and support continuous quality improvement.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2000

Digital library research and application.

The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the amount and the nature of information that is available on the Internet. Internet and World Wide Web technology have raised many technical as well as social and economic issues. The paper begins with a description of the recent digital library research initiative funded by the U.S. federal government. Digital library research addresses a host of informatics issues relevant to the current Internet-based environment. The paper continues with a discussion of some problems in information access, including a discussion of the potential of the Unified Medical Language System for navigating among multiple biomedical information systems. Next, some issues in creating Web-accessible resources for health care consumers are addressed, with a focus on recent work at the National Library of Medicine, including a description of the MEDLINEplus system. The paper ends with a brief discussion of some implications of digital library research for the health informatics community.

Internet↗
PubMed2002

Which coding system for therapeutic information in evidence-based medicine.

The coding of information in the computer representation of clinical trials is essential both for the rationalisation of the activities involved in the production of therapeutic information for evidence-based decision support and for the integration of the messages produced by these activities with clinical information and electronic patient record systems. There is no standard coding system available, however, so building on existing evaluations, we performed a simple semi-quantitative evaluation of ICD-10, CDAM, MEDDRA, MESH, READ, SNOMED and UMLS to provide objective criteria for the choice of a coding system. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for four clinical trials recorded in TriSum constituted the corpus of evaluation texts. Criteria included coding coverage, size, integration and language coverage. The results of the comparison lead us to choose SNOMED as the most appropriate coding system for our needs. The absence of a European Medical Language System project is observed, as is the need for combinatorial as opposed to enumerative systems.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Medical informatics and the concept of disease.

This paper attempts to address the general question whether information technologies, as applied in the area of medicine and health care, have or are likely to change fundamental concepts regarding disease and health. After a short excursion into the domain of medical informatics I provide a brief overview of some of the current theories of what a disease is from a more philosophical perspective, i.e. the "value free" and "value laden" view of disease. Next, I consider at some length, whether health care informatics is currently modifying fundamental concepts of disease. To this question I will answer largely in the negative, and I will provide the sketch of some arguments from current research programs in medical informatics why I think this is the case. This argumentation is supported by a detailed account of how the disease profile for beriberi heart disease, used in one of the major medical informatics diagnostic programs, QMR (and its ancestor INTERNIST-1), was developed, and why at least this program essentially follows received views of traditional medicine. The one main exception to the conformity of this program to "received" views of a disease occurs when the program's designers need to fine-tune a disease definition. This fine-tuning is to comport with the expert's perspective on the disease, including his or her epistemic values, as well as the program's other resources for diagnosing components of a disease.

Beriberi↗
PubMed1999

Delivering health information statewide via the Internet in a collaborative environment: impact on individual member institutions.

The Arizona Health Information Network (AZHIN) is a statewide member-driven organization committed to improving access to information for health sciences students and practitioners. Members include several hospitals and hospital systems, an academic health sciences center, and other diverse health care organizations. AZHIN offers its members unlimited Web access to ten well-known health sciences databases. This paper explores the impact that AZHIN has had on its member institutions. A survey asked members to reflect on AZHIN and its possible effects on the visibility of the librarian within the institution, relative dollars spent on AZHIN and range of resources available, Internet connectivity within their institution, access to AZHIN and other Internet resources, teaching, and benefits of collaboration. Results indicated that AZHIN members have access to a wider range of resources than they would otherwise. There are financial savings for some. Internet connectivity and AZHIN membership can provide the librarian with a broadened role and increased visibility. The availability of MEDLINE and other AZHIN resources encouraged some institutions to install Internet connectivity more quickly. Teaching library users has increased. Overall, AZHIN members recognized many benefits of their collaboration.

Arizona↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolution of medical informatics societies in the United States.

Medical informatics, the application of computers to medicine, was supported by engineering groups in the 1950s, by biomedical engineering societies in the 1960s, and by medical informatics organizations in the 1970s and 1980s. Because of the highly specialized and technical nature of medical informatics, the dissemination of early articles on the subject was largely dependent on publication of the proceedings and transactions of meetings of professional organizations. The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) was recently formed from the merger of three professional organizations, each dedicated to medical informatics: the American Association for Medical systems and Informatics (AAMSI), the American College for Medical Informatics (ACMI), and the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC). An increase in professional interest and activity in medical informatics is anticipated in the 1990s.

Directories as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Health telematics applications and user acceptance from a medical student's point of view.

The goal of the workshop is dual. The first is to convince health care professionals of health telematics applications' usefulness by demonstrating convincing cases and the second is to examine the practical side of the story which is education and training in health telematics. The purpose of this paper is to present the way health telematics appeal to a medical student. After all it's the medical student and the young practitioner whose lifetime practice will depend on the health telematics applications that are today under development.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2002

Secure communication and co-operation of distributed Electronic Patient Records.

Electronic Health Records (EHR) are moving towards the core application of health information systems. Enabling informational interoperability of shared care environment including EHR, structure and function of components used have to follow open standards and publicly available specifications. This comprises also methods and tools applied. Security services needed have to be an integral part of architecture and operation of the specified and implemented components. Starting with basic architectural paradigms the Magdeburg Medical Informatics Department was involved in at the early nineties, the secure behaviour of components has been derived. For establishing the required trustworthiness, security models have been introduced and presented in the paper. Beside communication security services based on standardised Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and security token such as Health Professional Cards (HPC), policy-defined application security services such as authorisation, access control, accountability, etc., of information recorded, stored and processed must be guaranteed. In that context, appropriate resource access decision services have to be established. As the HARP project result, a component-based EHR architecture has been specified and demonstrated for enforcing fine-grained security services by binding certificates to application components, by the way enforcing policies.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1999

Telematics applications to support the role of the community pharmacists as self-medication advisors. TESEMED Consortium.

One of the applications developed within the EU-funded projects TESEMED and TESEMED-II is a program for the information and continuous training of community pharmacists, with the aim to empower them as advisors of the citizens about self-medication topics. Several programs are being developed on the basis of ad-hoc developed protocols about minor ailments (currently, cold and flu, haemorrhoids, constipation and cough). Each program includes three modules: a hypertextual version of the protocol, an interactive scheme of it, and an educational tool called Encounter Simulator, that trains the pharmacist about the protocol by means of simulated pharmacist-customer interactions. The testing of these applications with 84 community pharmacists offers positive results in terms of expectations, program characteristics and perceived usefulness.

Common Cold↗
PubMed2004

Precentral gyrus discrepancy in electronic versions of the Talairach atlas.

Electronic versions of the atlas of Talairach and Tournoux, including the Talairach Daemon and the official versions published by Thieme, contain a discrepant region of the precentral gyrus on axial slice +35 mm that extends far forward into the frontal lobe. This area is anatomically incorrect and internally inconsistent within the digital atlas software applications using their multiplanar cross-referencing tools. By cross-referencing the axial, sagittal, and coronal plates from the original printed atlas, we demonstrate that the discrepant area should be labeled middle frontal gyrus. The mislabeled portion encompasses a 3 x 1.5-cm region in the axial plane and has significant implications for sensorimotor studies that rely on the digital atlases for anatomic labeling.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1999

The General Practice computer system project: a doctor's desktop for Australia.

The Australian Department of Health and Family Services engaged the IBM consulting practice to develop a functional specification and technical architecture for a General Practice computer system (GPCS) in January, 1997. The project was completed in September, 1997. This paper describes the rationale for development of the specification, the process that was undertaken and provides an overview of the completed specification and architecture. The paper also explores a number of issues related to computing in general practice which were raised during the consultative process, and considers factors which were found to be important in obtaining adoption and use of computer technology on the doctor's desk.

Australia↗