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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Natural history of diethylstilbestrol-associated genital tract lesions: Cervical ectopy and cervicovaginal hood.

There was a marked regression of structural abnormalities associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) among 173 women observed for up to 5 years. Cervical ectopy, present in 121 women at initial examination, decreased in extent in 91 women (75.2%) and disappeared completely in 38 (31.4%). The cervicovaginal hood (CVH), present initially in 123 women, diminished in 65 patients (52.8%) and disappeared completely in 35 (28.4%). The longer the follow-up period, the greater the extent of resolution of these lesions. Patients with both findings at entry into the study showed parallel diminution of ectopy and CVH. The investigation documents that DES-associated ectopy and CVH are labile lesions which tend to decrease in extent with time and may eventually disappear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Long-term follow-up of children breast-fed by mothers using oral contraceptives.

In a long-term follow-up study 48 breast-fed children, whose mothers had used oral contraceptives containing 50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol while lactating, were compared to a matched control group whose mothers had not used any hormonal contraceptives during lactation. In spite of a very large number of data collected from several different sources of information, no effect could be demonstrated of the ingested steroid, neither upon the panorama of diseases nor upon intellectual or psychological behaviour of the infants and children up to 8 years of age. The mothers who used oral contraceptives lactated a significantly shorter period of time than the controls, but no differences were found in weight gain and height increase in the children between cases and controls.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1982

Some effects of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA): observations in the nursing infant and in the long-term user.

Newborns (210) whose mothers received DMPA postpartum were compared with 121 controls for weight gain and for number of infectious illnesses over an average 1.5 years of follow-up. No differences were found except a possible slight increase in infections when DMPA was started 2 days postpartum. Newborns (118) whose mothers received DMPA prior to conception, 10 newborns exposed to DMPA in utero, and 436 controls showed no significant difference in birth weights or incidence of birth defects. Women (101) receiving DMPA for 8 years or more gained more weight than controls, but showed no cancer or increase in hypertension.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1980

[Long-term experience in intrauterine contraception a comparison between Lippes' loop, Dalcon-shield and copper-t (author's transl)].

Three different models of intrauterine pessaries are compared with each other in respect of tolerance and safety. They were worn for different lengths of time, partly for up to ten years. The comparison shows that the Pearl index in its conventional form is not a suitable indicator. It does provide a pointer if the individual collectives are reduced to the same wearing period. The Life-Table method yields better results. It relates the events for a total of 100 women in each case to the same interval periods. This shows that the most favourable rate of complications and quota of failures is obtained with Cu-T 200. During the first three years this quota decreases steadily. Hence it is recommended to effect intrauterine contraception according to this model wherever suitable and to allow Cu-T to be retained in position for at least three years if it is well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Oral contraceptive use and the risk of myocardial infarction.

The relation of oral contraceptive use to the risk of myocardial infarction was assessed in a hospital-based case-control study of women aged 25-64 years conducted from 1985 to 1988 in New England; 910 women with first myocardial infarctions were compared with 1,760 control women. Oral contraceptive use, after discontinuation, was not associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, whether use had ceased in the distant past or more recently. The overall relative risk estimate for women who had used oral contraceptives in the past for at least 5 years compared with nonusers was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.5) after allowance for confounding factors. Past use was not associated with risk in any age group, in subgroups of women with predisposing factors, or in women at low risk because of the absence of predisposing factors. The results suggest that long-term oral contraceptive use, after discontinuation, does not influence the risk of myocardial infarction. There were few current users and the results for current use were inconclusive: for premenopausal women who had used oral contraceptives in the previous month relative to those who had not, the age-adjusted relative risk estimate was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.4-3.1).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver associated with long-term oral contraceptive use. Possible role of estrogens in the genesis of embryologically distinct liver tumors.

We report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a 34-year-old woman with a 16-year history of oral contraceptive use. This is the first reported case of hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma associated with oral contraception. The tumor did not grossly or microscopically involve biliary structures or gall bladder. It was mostly comprised of undifferentiated spindle cells that were histologically similar to embryonal sarcoma. Foci of cells showing rhabdomyoblastic differentiation blended into poorly formed muscle bundles. No epithelial neoplasm was identified by either morphologic or immunohistochemical analysis. A review of the literature reveals that, although the incidence is low, mesenchymal neoplasms of the liver have been associated with oral contraceptive use. Furthermore, there is now evidence that a multipotential progenitor cell exists that can give rise to both epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Thus, there may be a common precursor cell on which estrogens could act, and which could give rise to epithelial, mesenchymal, or mixed neoplasms. Finally, we suggest that embryonal sarcomas of the liver can undergo further differentiation to more well-defined mesencymal elements.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Post abortion syndrome: myth or reality?

What are the health effects upon a woman who has had an abortion? In his letter to President Reagan, dated January 9, 1989, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop wrote that in order to find an answer to this question the Public Health Service would need from 10 to 100 million dollars for a comprehensive study.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1989

Clinicopathological problems of the local tissue effect of IUDs containing copper. III. Cytochemical study of the endometrial scrapings.

The clinicopathological problems of the tissue effect of copper-containing IUDs are discussed. In the third part of their series, authors present the cytochemical analysis of the endometrial scrapings. For the investigations, dithizone, salicylaldoxime, rubeanic acid as well as dimethylglyoxime were used. The reaction precipitate, the copper dithizone complex, could be visualized partly intracellularly and intramitochondrially and partly interstitially. The technical problems of copper demonstration are also dealt with.

Copper↗
PubMed1978

Effects of estrogen on human seminiferous tubules: light and electron microscopic analysis.

Morphological features of testes from four subjects after long-term treatment with ethinyl-estradiol (1--2 mg daily) and from five non-treated patients with prostatic carcinoma were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The non-treated seminiferous tubules contained spermatagonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells and showed no apparent morphologic abnormalities. On the other hand, the estrogen-treated testicular tissue contained only Sertoli cells and very few spermatogonia within the seminiferous tubules. The nuclei of Sertoli cells occasionally contained two nucleoli. The nucleolar complex was composed of a fine granular spherical body surrounded by a large granular, reticular network. The cytoplasm of the Sertoli cell contained osmiophilic lipid-like bodies. These lipid-like bodies appeared more pronounced in patients treated with higher doses of estrogen, suggesting a diminution of secretion of Sertoli cell hormone. Blebbing from the outer nuclear membrane appeared to have formed numerous vesicles in the cytoplasm. These vesicles usually contained several membrane-bound granular bodies. In the estrogen-treated testes, there was a marked increase in thickness and infolding of the basement membrane. Two unusual patterns of the basement membrane were observed: one appeared to be a reticular anastomosis, the other, an electron-dense trilayer. The morphological picture of seminiferous tubules from the estrogen-treated subjects appeared to correlate well with the suppressed plasma and testicular levels of testesterone, the undetectable circulating gonadotrophins, and the elevated plasma and testicular levels of estradiol-17 beta reported by Rodriguez-Rigau et al. ('77).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Iron-deficiency anemia and long-term use of copper-bearing IUDs.

The increase in menstrual blood loss (MBL) caused by IUDs may result in iron deficiency anemia. 60 women completing 2 years of Cu-IUD use were investigated for this risk, using hemoglobin concentration serum iron indices. No significant differences were found compared to a control group of women requesting interval Cu-IUD insertion. A decrease in the MBL increment with time following insertion, self-selection of the study population, and increased dietary iron absorption are suggested explanations for these results. 15.4% of patients suffered from iron deficiency anemia. Measurement of serum ferritin is advocated to identify these women for treatment, in order to enhance maternal health.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Oral contraceptive use and risk of colorectal cancer.

To evaluate the relation between oral contraceptives and colon and rectal cancer, we analyzed combined data from two case-control studies conducted in six Italian regions between 1985 and 1996. The studies included 803 women with incident colon cancer, 429 with rectal cancer, and 2,793 controls with acute, nonneoplastic, nondigestive, non-hormone-related disorders. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from unconditional multiple logistic regression equations, including terms for age, center/study period, education, family history of colorectal cancer, menopausal status, age at menopause, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, body mass index [weight (kg) per height squared (m2)], and total energy intake. Ever-use of oral contraceptives was inversely associated with colon cancer (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.45-0.87) and rectal cancer (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.43-1.01). Duration of use of oral contraceptives was inversely related to risk of colon but not rectal cancer. This study suggests that women who have ever used oral contraceptives are at lower risk of colon and rectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. II. Neoplasia.

Two groups of hypoestrogenic women are analyzed by retrospective comparison. Patients were observed by a single group of physicians for at least five years -- 301 patients treated with replacement estrogen and 309 untreated patients. Of each group, 207 women had uteri in situ. Incidence figures for neoplasia (gynecologic, breast, and all sites) were compared between the two groups and with the Third National Cancer Survey, yielding a risk ratio for the development of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium among estrogen-treated women of 3.8 and 9.3, respectively. There was no increase among any other malignancies. The addition of synthetic progestin to estrogen therapy provided significant protection against the likelihood of developing endometrial cancer and did not reduce previously reported metabolic benefits of estrogen treatment. Data pertaining to estrogen use and details of the patients with endometrial carcinoma are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗