Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lecture”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Pieter van Keep Memorial Lecture. Menopause--a modern perspective from a controversial history.

The major milestones in the history of menopause provide a fascinating background to understanding current attitudes and prognosticating future trends in the perception and management of this event through which all women will inevitably pass. 'Menopause' is a word of multiple meanings. Once the subject of taboo; now almost in danger of overexposure. Once neglected, now recognized by multiple groups as the entry to a 'market'. The result is a new level of confusion and even exploitation in the minds of the health profession and the public alike. A historical survey of issues relating to the menopause is therefore an ideal vehicle for providing information and perspective into this fascinating and extremely important component of women's health care. One milestone on my personal historical journey is labeled 'Pieter van Keep', a time and a place where we met, forged an instant and remarkable friendship and during the course of an extraordinary day conceptualized a menopause club, ultimately the International Menopause Society (I.M.S.), a journal to become Maturitas, and an idea for enhanced quality years for women by primary preventative health care, utilizing menopause as a positive entry point. Achievement of the dream of wide scale introduction of preventive health care services to a properly informed public is certain to be as successful in reducing morbidity to older women as was the introduction years ago of proper prenatal care in reducing death and disability related to childbirth. Where we were, where we are generally and the I.M.S. specifically, and where the I.M.S. should position itself in the future is the focus of this lecture, my personal 'swan song' to the I.M.S.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

5th Annual David R. Boyd, MD Lecture: Revolutionary advances in wound repair in emergency medicine during the last three decades. A view toward the new millennium.

This lecture provides an overview of advances in wound repair devised by our multidisciplinary team of physicians, scientists, and students. Our collective efforts have devised products, drugs, and concepts that are facilitating wound repair without infection and with the least possible scar. Some of the beneficial products and drugs developed or identified by our laboratory include nitrile examination and surgical gloves, magnification loupes, high pressure syringe irrigation, Shur Clens, as well as a wide variety of different wound closure techniques. In addition, our studies of the mechanism of wound injury, soil infection-potentiating fractions, dynamic and static skin tensions, and microflora of the skin have become important predictors of the outcomes of wound repair. During the new millennium, the computerized clinical information system as well as studies of tissue regeneration should dramatically change our approaches to wound repair.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First annual Mario S. Verani, MD, Memorial lecture: clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging in coronary artery disease.

I am honored to give this lecture in memory of Dr Mario S. Verani, a friend and a respected colleague in the field of nuclear cardiology. Dr Verani made many immense contributions to the field of nuclear cardiology during his lifetime. He was a pioneer in the field of pharmacologic stress imaging and played a leading role in validating the utility of intravenous adenosine infusion for stress imaging in detecting significant coronary stenoses and assessing prognosis. He and his colleagues at Baylor reported that pharmacologic stress imaging could separate high- and low-risk patient subsets after acute myocardial infarction, particularly among patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy. He informed us that certain drugs that patients took could influence perfusion defect severity. This work led to a clinical study showing that ischemic defect size could be substantially reduced with medical therapy in patients who had recently had an acute infarction. An outcome of this observation was the launching of the INSPIRE (adenosINe technetium-99m Sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography Post-InfaRction Evaluation) trial in which postinfarction patients are randomized to medical therapy or revascularization. Dr Verani was an able debater when assigned the position for advocating for stress radionuclide perfusion imaging against stress echocardiography. He engaged in these debates with substantial knowledge but always with a touch of humor. Dr Verani's courage was an inspiration to all of us during his illness. His legacy as a pioneer will endure as the field of nuclear cardiology continues to mature and expand.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1997

Costenbader Lecture. Idiopathic infantile nystagmus: diagnosis and treatment.

Current concepts of idiopathic infantile nystagmus are summarized, with special attention to treatment and differential diagnosis of this condition. Advantages of the Anderson procedure over the Kestenbaum procedure are suggested for head turn associated with this condition, and the need for further studies is acknowledged. The importance of the extended slow phase in understanding the waveforms of infantile nystagmus is stressed. Our studies reinforce what I believe to be the natural history of infantile nystagmus, as well as the history of periodic alternating nystagmus. The critical delineation of diagnosing periodic alternating nystagmus is emphasized with respect to the type of operation to avoid overcorrection of head turns in patients with nystagmus. Continued searches for manifest latent nystagmus are important, because that condition is currently the only truly treatable nystagmus. I thank the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus for the privilege and honor of presenting the 1997 Costenbader Lecture.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed2003

Mannheimer Lecture. The quintessence of the making of the heart.

In my Mannheimer lecture, designed to meet the needs of a mainly clinical audience, I present aspects of cardiac development that link basic science to clinically relevant problems. During development of the cardiac tube, and its subsequent changes as a dextrally looped structure, which is still connected to the dorsal body wall by a venous and an arterial pole, there are basic requirements. These consist of the development of myocardium, endocardium and the interposed cardiac jelly from the cardiogenic plates. In this primitive heart tube, septation and valvar formation then take place to convert it into a four-chambered heart. I demonstrate that the refining of the above events cannot take place without the addition of extracardiac populations of cells. These are presented as the "quintessence of heart development", and consist of cells derived from the neural crest, along with epicardially derived cells. Without these contributions, the embryos uniformly die of cardiac insufficiency. Important contributions are made by the cells derived from the neural crest to septation and the formation of the arterial valves, and possibly in differentiation of the central conduction system. The epicardially derived cells are essential for formation of the interstitial fibroblasts and the myocardium, as well as the coronary vascular system. I conclude by discussing specific malformations of the heart that might be linked to these extracardiac contributions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Wilfred Fish lecture.

It is a great honour to be invited to deliver this lecture in memory of Sir Wilfred Fish, first President of the General Dental Council. I am only too well aware of my unfitness for the task: my experience of dentistry is limited to the dental chair; my knowledge of dental law is virtually nil. I trust that Sir Wilfred would not disapprove. His contribution to dentistry was enormous; his labours ensured that dentistry received both the independent recognition it merits and its own regulatory framework, freed from any sort of subservience to medicine.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Discovery of PDK1, one of the missing links in insulin signal transduction. Colworth Medal Lecture.

Historically, two strategies have been used to dissect the insulin signal transduction pathway. One was to start at the insulin receptor and work down the signal transduction pathway from the plasma membrane. The other was to select a physiological action of insulin, namely the mechanism by which insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis, and then work backwards towards the receptor. The hope was that eventually the groups working down from the top of the insulin signalling pathway would meet up with those working upwards from the bottom of the pathway. This has now happened, and in this lecture I will describe the recent advances that have linked the research from both ends of the insulin signal transduction pathway. I will also discuss how these findings have enabled pharmaceutical companies to embark on novel programmes to develop improved therapies for the treatment of diabetes in the future.

3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
PubMed2001

The role of protein phosphorylation in human health and disease. The Sir Hans Krebs Medal Lecture.

The reversible phosphorylation of proteins regulates almost all aspects of cell life, while abnormal phosphorylation is a cause or consequence of many diseases. Mutations in particular protein kinases and phosphatases gives rise to a number of disorders and many naturally occurring toxins and pathogens exert their effects by altering the phosphorylation states of intracellular proteins. In this lecture, I present an overview of the progress that is being made in developing specific inhibitors of protein kinases for the treatment of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases and describe how recent advances in our understanding of the specificity and regulation of one particular protein kinase (GSK3) may facilitate the development of drugs to treat diabetes that would not have the potential to be oncogenic. I also discuss the exploitation of specific protein kinase inhibitors for the study of cell signalling and make recommendations for their effective use in cell-based assays.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
PubMed2001

Blackie Memorial Lecture 2001. Homeopathy: progress and promise, a critical perspective.

This lecture attempts to analyse the progress made by homeopathy in recent years, by analysing consumer awareness, sales and distribution trends of homeopathic products, and research publications. Sales of homeopathic medicines are growing rapidly, but remain a very small fraction of the total pharmaceutical market. The proportion of combination to single medicines varies widely between countries. The market is concentrated in a relatively small number of the available medicines; many available homeopathic medicines are never used. Regulation of homeopathic practitioners and medicines is problematic, the legal position varies between countries. The volume of research is growing steadily. A series of recommendations is made, including modernisation of the terminology of homeopathy, training of more practitioners, a defined research agenda and integration into the medical system.

Awareness↗
PubMed2000

The integration of clinical practice and research: the challenge of the new millenium. The Joseph Rutenfranz Lecture.

The integration of clinical activities and fundamental research is usually not made in most investigations. This lecture, in honor of Joseph Rutenfranz, examines the work of several investigators who participated in the PWP meeting in Italy in 1999 and suggests different ways that their work could be applicable to both basic and clinical scientists. The goal is to stimulate research in pediatric exercise physiology and pathology that is meaningful for all interested in the field.

Exercise↗
PubMed2002

Vitamin D analogs, a new treatment for retinoblastoma: The first Ellsworth Lecture.

PURPOSE: This lecture honors the memory of Dr. Robert M. Ellsworth, an important figure in the development of current treatments of retinoblastoma (RB), and reviews our studies of vitamin D analogs as treatments for retinoblastoma in two experimental mouse models. We identified vitamin D receptors in retinoblastoma and examined the effectiveness and mechanism of action of these analogs. METHODS: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification was used to detect vitamin D receptor mRNAs in human and mouse retinoblastomas. The effectiveness and toxicity of vitamin D(2), calcitriol, and synthetic analogs were studied in the athymic/Y-79 xenograft and transgenic mouse models of RB. Dosing was 5X/week for five weeks. Dose-response studies focused on tumor inhibition; toxicity studies investigated survival and serum calcium. The mechanism of action of vitamin D was investigated using terminal transferase dUTP labeling 3'-overhang ligation to measure apoptosis; immunohistochemistry measured p53-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation. RESULT: Vitamin D receptor mRNAs were detectable in Y-79 RB cells, LH beta-Tag tumors, and human RB specimens using RT-PCR. Calcitriol inhibited cell growth in vitro. Calcitriol and vitamin D(2) inhibited in vivo growth in xenograft and transgenic models, but therapeutic levels were toxic due to hypercalcemia. Two analogs, 16,23-D(3) and 1 alpha-OH-D( 2), inhibited tumors in animal models of RB with reduced toxicity. The mechanism of action appears related to increased p53-related gene expression resulting in increased apoptosis. CONCLUSION: 16,23-D(3) and 1 alpha-OH-D(2) are effective in tumor reduction in two mouse models of RB with low toxicity. These results warrant initiating phase 1 and phase 2 clinical studies in children.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The 30th Sir Frederick Bartlett lecture. Fact, artefact, and myth about blindsight.

Blindsight is the ability, still controversial if a vote is taken, of subjects with clinically blind field defects to detect, localize, and discriminate visual stimuli of which the subjects say they are completely unaware--the original definition--or of which they might be aware but not in the sense of experiencing a visual percept. These two conditions are known as blindsight Types I and II. This Bartlett lecture narrates the discovery of blindsight and its mounting opposition, and it evaluates the continuing and often perplexing debate about its standing as a visual cognitive phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

What progress have we made with tinnitus? The Tonndorf Lecture 2005.

CONCLUSION: The field of tinnitus research is vibrant and active. Prospects for progress are high, but would be optimized by the growth of inter-disciplinary collaborations. OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus remains a source of urgent scientific investigation, and truly effective treatments continue to be elusive. The Tonndorf Lecture of the International Tinnitus Seminars represents an opportunity to reflect upon progress to date regarding tinnitus, and the actions needed to further that progress in future. METHOD: Progress regarding tinnitus mechanisms is reviewed, with particular regard to the conceptual distinction between ignition sites for tinnitus, and the physiological mechanisms that then promote the tinnitus through the central auditory pathway. The current status of both the Jastreboff neurophysiological model and the psychological model of tinnitus is reviewed. Some concerns regarding each model are raised, and the need for models that integrate the insights of both perspectives is identified as urgent. RESULTS: There are clear indications of progress in tinnitus, specifically regarding mechanisms, models and treatments. For knowledge to progress further, however, there is a pressing need for an inter-disciplinary approach to tinnitus, more involvement in teaching at a postgraduate level, and the development of experimental models of tinnitus that are both congruent with, and represent the complexity of, human experience of tinnitus.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Harvey A. K. Whitney Lecture. Searching for the soul of pharmacy.

This lecture explores the theme that the soul (character) of individual pharmacists must be nourished in order to save pharmacy as a health profession. Health care is being drastically altered by a private sector that says it wants to lower health care costs but in fact desires huge profits. Pharmacy leaders have shown nimbleness in dealing with corporate demands, but many are becoming too preoccupied with the business of health care. Pharmacists need to discipline themselves lest the lure of the new order blind them to their primary obligations to patients. Pharmacists should act as a counterforce to the marketing of prescription drug products directly to consumers. Pharmacy is an occupation psychically bound to the act of providing medications to patients, but which knows it must find a new reason for being. There is hope for the profession in this realization--it led to the philosophy of pharmaceutical care--but no guarantees. Pharmacists must declare that their interests may differ from their employers' whenever patient welfare is in question. Suggestions are offered on how to nourish the soul of pharmacy.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2002

The 2001 Garrod lecture. The treatment of cytomegalovirus infection.

This named lecture provides an opportunity to take an historical perspective on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. A major theme will be that modern molecular biological research has questioned the conventional wisdom that CMV is a slow-growing virus, which only damages a few individuals. I will first review details of the genetic constitution of the virus, emphasizing that wild strains contain many genes which are missing from their laboratory-adapted cousins. I will then review the diseases associated with CMV, not just the end-organ diseases of pneumonitis/retinitis, etc., but the so-called indirect effects, including graft rejection, secondary microbial infections and accelerated atherosclerosis. The urgent need for safe and potent antiviral drugs to prevent these diseases will be considered in two ways: first, the failure of the conventional drug discovery approach; and secondly, the opportunities offered by targeting novel gene functions. The controlled clinical trials performed to date will be summarized, together with suggestions about pharmacodynamic evaluations in the future.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

ESC Population Studies Lecture 1996. Cardiovascular monitoring of a city over 30 years.

This lecture on population studies was given in memory and honour of the late Professor Frederick Epstein. It relates to studies performed in Göteborg, Sweden. The main topics discussed in the presentation are: Coronary heart disease and stroke incidence according to the MONICA Project. Risk factors with special emphasis on relative and population attributable risk. Incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease in hospital and out of hospital. Quantitative aspects on treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction. The analysis was based upon a Myocardial Infarction Register which started in 1970, cross-sectional and prospective population studies primarily among men which started in 1963, cross-sectional studies among men and women based upon population studies (the MONICA Project) as well as studies of myocardial infarction. We have also been involved in many intervention trials in primary and secondary prevention regarding physical training, beta-blockers, thrombolytics, aspirin, anti-arrhythmics, ACE-inhibitors and lipid lowering drugs. In the Primary Prevention Study it was found during a 16 years' follow-up that the coronary heart disease risk was related to entry level of serum cholesterol both among those who had signs of coronary heart disease or angina pectoris, as well as among those with no such previous coronary heart disease events at entry. For each cholesterol level, the risk was about seven times higher among those who had had a myocardial infarction compared to those without any coronary heart disease event at entry. In those with angina the risk was about three to four times higher. An example shows how important it is to take the so-called 'regression dilution bias' into account, which results in steeper risk factor-incidence curves. The concept of 'population attributable risk' is also discussed. It is a general finding that the many with moderate elevations of risk factors contribute to most disease events. This is true for smoking, serum cholesterol, blood pressure etc. Results from various prospective studies have repeatedly demonstrated three main risk factors for coronary heart disease: cholesterol, high blood pressure and smoking, and they explain more than 90% of infarct cases in the middle-aged population. Other risk factors, including psychological, are, however, also of some importance and they are discussed briefly. The Göteborg population studies started in 1963. The data to 1990 show that among men there has been a decline in serum cholesterol and blood pressure, which has resulted in a decline in risk for coronary heart disease of 37%, well compatible with the registered decline of 30-40% in coronary heart disease incidence among men aged 45-54 years. Simultaneously, there has been a marked decline, especially among men, of 28-day fatality among hospitalized patients, but because most deaths occur outside hospital the decline in incidence has had greater importance for overall coronary heart disease mortality. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of stopping smoking, at least after myocardial infarction. Other interventions after a myocardial infarction are also important for the outcome, which has improved considerably over the last 20 years. In the general population in whom there is no sign of coronary heart disease, it is important to reduce risk factors among the many with moderate risk, by stopping smoking and changing diet.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1998

Informing the public about radiation--the messenger and the message: 1997 G. William Morgan lecture.

I am greatly honored to be invited by the Presidents Emeritus Committee of the Health Physics Society as a G. William Morgan Lecturer for 1997. The topic of this Plenary Session on Public Information and Public Relations is very close to my heart; it was a theme for my term as President of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA). I met IRPA members from all of the societies affiliated to IRPA and found that they shared a common concern about the need to improve public information especially in the event of a nuclear emergency. But who should tell them and what should be the message? There is considerable agreement about the desired characteristics of the messenger in risk communication. These include credibility, openness, and the sharing of uncertainty. The profession must maintain the status and credibility of the members, it must train members in communication skills, and above all win the cooperation of other professions. There are many obstacles to radiation protection communication, and, in particular, the complex language, derived from research, should be reserved for colleagues, and our message to the public must be clarified and freed from unnecessary jargon. Communication would be more efficient and possibly cause less anxiety if people were better educated about ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. There is considerable disagreement within the profession about the content of our message to the public. Consistency in the message would be helpful although it would be wrong to expect total unanimity in research. The profession should seek the support of the international agencies and commissions to use plain and consistent language wherever possible. I will discuss the desired characteristics of the messenger, the nature of the message, and examine some of the obstacles in the path of communication using evidence from experience with IRPA and the European Union. In this paper I will suggest some action to improve radiological protection communication and will conclude with a discussion of the central role of education. Our objective is to ensure that everyone recognizes that radiation protection opens the door to the benefits of the applications of radiation in medicine and industry.

Health Education↗