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[In-migration and the labor market in Tijuana, Baja California].

This interpretative essay on the status of migrant workers in the Tijuana labor market sets up a theoretical framework and specifies the data sources used, including a survey of 672 families in Tijuana in 1982. To define the sphere of analysis, the author discusses demographic behavior and the evolution of the labor market in Tijuana. Within this context, an examination of the work status of migrants is conducted by comparing it to that of the native population, taking into account the characteristics of their regions of origin and factors related to that work status. It is shown that 1) migrants come from areas which are relatively more developed; 2) their work experience is directly related to the nature of the relative degree of development of their regions of origin; 3) there is no difference between the migrants and the native population with regard to the sectors and positions in which they are inserted; and 4) the type of migration tends to be similar to migration taking place in industrialized countries, rather than that characterizing developing countries.

Americas↗
PubMed1996

Labor contracting in international migration: the Japanese case and implications for Asia.

"This paper is intended to be a prelude of a study on intermediaries in international migration in Asia, based primarily on the Japanese case. In the next section, I introduce the legal framework of labor contracting in Japan.... In Section 3, I pick up several actual examples of the channels of migrant workers coming to Japan. They are: (i) Japanese-descended migrant workers from Brazil, (ii) job-trainees from China, (iii) entertainers from the Philippines, (iv) ¿slavery' women from Thailand, and (v) workers smuggled from China by snake heads. This illustrates differences according to types of migrants, as well as common features across them. In Section 4, I try to explain the features by using simple economic concepts. Section 5 considers a broader Asian context. Section 6 concludes with a summary of major findings in this paper."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Migration regions and interstate labor flows by occupation in the United States.

"This paper investigates the migration patterns of occupational groups [in the United States]. The results confirm previous analyses of the differences in movement behavior between occupations but, in addition, show that this variation is a function of the industrial sector of employment. The chief aim of the paper, however, is to uncover the geography of labor flows for different occupational groups using a principal components analysis of interstate flow matrices....Results indicate that migration regions vary by occupation and industry and we argue that these differences reflect job information flows and regional employment structure for various classes of labor." Data are from the Public Use Microdata Sample A taken from the 1980 census.

Americas↗
PubMed1997

China's "tidal wave" of migrant labor: what can we learn from Mexican undocumented migration to the United States?

"The purpose of this article is to place Chinese labor migration from agriculture within the context of the literature on labor mobility in developing countries by comparing it to undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. The similarities fall within three general areas: the migration process, the economic and social position of migrants at their destination, and the agrarian structure and process of agricultural development that has perpetuated circular migration. The last section of the article draws upon these similarities, as well as differences between the two countries, to generate predictions concerning the development of labor migration in China."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

Guests or immigrants? Contradiction and change in the German immigration policy debate since the recruitment stop.

The authors review major points in the policy debate over immigration in West Germany since the 1973 recruitment stop legislation. Special emphasis is placed on the labor force effects of migration to West Germany and their impact on migration policy. The authors find that "government immigration policy since 1973 has embraced three contradictory goals: reduce the influx of foreigners, integrate those who intend to settle in West Germany, and encourage the return of migrants who are inclined to leave. The internal contradictions between these policy goals have prevented them from being fulfilled and thereby have generated considerable frustration."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Ban on Filipino maids going abroad, 20 January 1988.

On 20 January 1988, the President of the Philippines prohibited Filipino maids from going abroad to work. Later in 1988, the ban was lifted for some countries after the institution of safeguards in agreements with those countries. Among these countries is Saudi Arabia. See Philippine Labor, Vol. 14, No. 10, 1988.

Asia↗
PubMed1992

International migration within and from the East and Southeast Asian region: a review essay.

The author reviews the literature on the trends and characteristics of international migration within and from East and Southeast Asia, with a focus on the past 25 years. "Five migration systems are described: settler, student, contract labor, skilled labor, and refugee. Settler migration to the U.S., Canada and Australia has consisted primarily of family members.... Contract labor migration, particularly to the Middle East, has provided jobs, foreign currency through remittances and greater participation of women, but also led to illegal migration, skills drain, and labor abuses. The hierarchy of development has led to intra-regional flows: (1) skilled labor mainly from Japan to other countries in the region, and (2) contract labor and illegal migration from the LDCs to the NIEs [newly industrializing economies] and Japan."

Asia↗
PubMed1988

Government policies and international migration of skilled workers in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The relationship between the international migration of skilled labor and government policies affecting migration both directly and indirectly in Sub-Saharan Africa is explored. "At an intercontinental scale the deleterious effects of the global division of labour have not merely been passively accepted; within the continent new patterns of skilled-labour migration have been created by increasingly differentiated economic performance and political relationships. A case study of Kenya, a country of small current net immigration of skilled workers, is used to specify some of the processes that establish the relationships between immigration and emigration policies, and how these have been mediated by conditions for skilled workers."

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Migrating to learn and learning to migrate: a study of the experiences and intentions of international student migrants.

"The research reported here evaluates whether students come to the UK mainly for educational reasons, and therefore perceive their stay as temporary, or whether emigration for study is being used as part of a conscious strategy by people intending to become future labour migrants.... The simplest interpretation of the results appears to be that migration, experienced as a result of international moves for study purposes, does not influence planning of further migration moves. But the research also indicates that migration for education is closely tied to other types of population redistribution and should be treated by population geographers as an integral part of international migration systems." Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 349 engineering students at Hong Kong universities and 82 Hong Kong students studying engineering in the UK.

Asia↗