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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Task analysis for the investigation of human error in safety-critical software design: a convergent methods approach.

An investigation was conducted into sources of error within a safety-critical software design task. A number of convergent methods of task- and error-analysis were systematically applied: hierarchical task analysis (HTA), error log audit, error observation, work sample and laboratory experiment. HTA, which provided the framework for the deployment of subsequent methods, revealed possible weaknesses in the areas of task automation and job organization. Application of other methods within this more circumscribed context focused on the impact of task and job design issues. The use of a convergent methods approach draws attention to the benefits and shortcomings of individual analysis methods, and illustrates the advantages of combining techniques to analyse complex problems. The features that these techniques should possess are highlighted.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed2005

Pediatric emergency medicine fellowships adopt a new application process.

The growth of the subspecialty of pediatric emergency medicine has created a subsequent growth in the demands of pediatric emergency medicine fellowship training. To facilitate the application process for both applicants and fellowship training programs, a uniform application and uniform deadlines have been adopted by the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Director's Subcommittee. The Electronic Residency Application Service will provide online support necessary for the implementation of this new process. A description of the new process and a description of theoretical benefits from this change are described. Pediatric emergency medicine fellowship applicants should be encouraged to investigate resources describing the new application process.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age stereotyping in a simulated interview.

The effects of age stereotyping on subjects' ratings of interviewee potential were investigated using a simulated auditory interview. Male and female participants (N = 156) listened to a 12-min interview of a supervisory candidate applying for a temporary position in industry and then rated the interviewee's qualifications for the supervisory position. Participants gave higher overall interview ratings to a younger interviewee even though he had the same qualifications as an older interviewee. Ratings given to the older interviewee, however, were not significantly different from those given to an interviewee whose age was not designated. The findings are discussed in terms of the influence of both positive and negative age stereotypes on ratings of applicant potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Facial attractiveness, applicants' qualifications, and judges' expertise about decisions in preselective recruitment.

The aim of this study was to assess how facial attractiveness, applicants' qualifications, and the expertise of judges influence preselective recruitment in a relational occupation, hotel management. Participants (96 hotel managers and 96 students) were asked to judge a fictitious applicant based on a resume and a photograph. Overall, analysis showed that the classic effect of attractiveness on the judgments of evaluators was modulated by the applicants' qualifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Development of an asthma specific job exposure matrix and its application in the epidemiological study of genetics and environment in asthma (EGEA).

OBJECTIVES: To develop a method suitable for estimating exposure risks in population studies of asthma from job titles and international codes, by combining a new job exposure matrix (JEM) with the expert judgement approach. The method was applied in the French epidemiological study of the genetics and environment in asthma (EGEA). METHODS: The JEM contains 22 exposure groups including 18 high risk groups based on known risk factors for occupational asthma, divided into high molecular weight agents, low molecular weight agents, and mixed environments. After applying the JEM to job codes, exposure estimates for each subject were re-evaluated by examining job title texts. Three high risk exposure estimates for asthma were compared: firstly, applying the JEM to original codes (from different coders in each study centre); secondly, applying the JEM to revised codes (from one experienced coder); and thirdly, after reviewing JEM exposure estimates in the light of job title texts. RESULTS: The study comprised 173 cases with asthma and 285 controls (age 18-65). Odds ratios (ORs) for asthma for high risk jobs were 1.0 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6 to 1.7), applying the JEM to original codes; 1.4 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.3), applying the JEM to revised codes; and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.7), applying the JEM and subsequently re-evaluating exposure estimates from job title texts. Asthma ORs were 1.4 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.9) for high molecular weight agents, 2.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.4) for low molecular weight agents, and 2.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 5.2) for mixed environments. CONCLUSIONS: This asthma JEM, when enhanced by expert re-evaluation of exposure estimates from job title texts, may be a useful tool in general population studies of asthma. In this study, a 1.7-fold increase in prevalence odds of high risk exposures was found among asthmatic workers compared with controls, with risk magnitude varying for different classes of exposure.

Adult↗