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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Treatment of posttransplant lymphocele with povidone-iodine sclerosis: long-term follow-up.

Percutaneous transcatheter sclerosis with iodate-povidone has been proposed as a treatment of posttransplant lymphocele. We treated 19 lymphoceles with iodate-povidone, 10 of them totally resolved and 6 promptly recurred. Three recurrences were treated conservatively and in 3 the treatment was repeated with success. Therefore, we have a low recurrence and retreatment rate. Our total resolution rate was 100%. Complications due to the treatment were rare. In the long term no patient has developed any renal or perirenal complication related to iodine sclerosis. We conclude that iodine sclerosis is a safe and effective treatment of posttransplant lymphocele. We think that surgical procedures must be reserved to collections adjacent to renal hilum or inaccessible for safe puncturing.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Renal magnetic resonance].

OBJECTIVES: To establish the role of MRI in renal disease, its indications, advantages and disadvantages. To briefly describe the main MRI techniques and renal features depicted on MRI before and after administration of a contrast agent, and present the MRI findings in different renal conditions. METHODS: The images were obtained with the GE MR 0, 5 T. T1- and T2-weighted spin echo and echo gradient sequences were utilized according to the protocol described in the article. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: MRI is very useful in the study of renal disease due to its high spatial resolution. Its cost, and because it is not widely available, have limited the indications of MRI to those cases whose diagnosis cannot be established by other imaging techniques (US and CT) and patients in whom iodated contrast material (i.e., allergy to iodine or renal failure) or ionizing radiation (i.e., pregnancy) is contraindicated. MR has a high diagnostic reliability in the evaluation of the extent of the renal tumors. MR angiography and MR urography permit adequate and non-invasive assessment of the vascular and collecting systems without the need to utilize iodated contrast agents.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Causes and incidence of short-life keratitis caused by dacryography. Optimization of protective parameters].

This study was aimed at investigating the changes occurring in superficial corneal epithelium (localized or diffuse, dotted or linear) as observed in 300 eyes after macrodacryography with iodate contrast media (iodized oil and water soluble non-ionic agents). In our opinion, the causes of iatrogenic short-life keratitis are: needle injury, the deposition of iodate contrast medium on the cornea and the reduction of palpebral winking, favoring dry eye, due to superficial anesthesia. The pharmacologic protection of the cornea by means of high-viscosity drugs allows both the number and the degree of keratitis to be markedly reduced. Therefore, contrast media must be chosen on the basis of anamnestic and clinical data, as well as of patient's symptoms, focusing mainly on the characteristics of the various agents--i.e., density, concentration, viscosity.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of universal salt iodization on the dosage of antithyroid drug].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of universal salt iodization (USI) on antithyroid drug. METHODS: One hundred and one patients with untreated hyperthyroidism were randomly divided into two sex and age-matched groups: group A (n = 45, consuming pure salt without iodine) and group B (n = 56, consuming iodated salt). The same dosage of 300 mg propylthiouracil (PTU) was given to both groups at beginning, the serum TT4. TT3, FT4, FT3, and TSH were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 6 months after PTU treatment, when the serum TT4, TT3, FT4. FT3, and TSH were back to the normal ranges, the dosage of PTU was decreased to maintain the normal levels of serum thyroid hormones. RESULTS: The urine iodine and serum thyroid hormone levels were not significantly different between group A and group B before the treatment (P > 0.05). The urine iodine of group A was significant lower 2 - 3 months after the treatment (148.4 micro g/L) than before the treatment (213.4 micro g/L, P < 0.01). There were not significant differences in serum TT4, TT3, FT4, and FT3 between group A and B before the treatment (all P > 0.05). One month after the treatment the serum TT4 and TT3 in group A were (153 +/- 50) nmol/L and (3.6 +/- 1.2) nmol/L respectively, both significantly lower than those of the group B [(177 +/- 64) nmol/L and (2.7 +/- 1.5) nmol/L respectively, P = 0.041 and 0.033], however, there was no significant difference in other serum thyroid hormones between the group A and group B. The dosage of PTU was not significantly different between group A and B 1 month after the treatment, but became significantly higher in group B than in group A 2, 3, and 6 months after the treatment (214,189, and 178 mg/d respectively vs. 190, 147, and 116 mg/d respectively, and 24, 42, and 62 mg/day more respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperthyroidism can be effectively controlled by PTU while the patients consume iodated salt, but the dosage of PUT needed should be higher than while the patients consume pure salt.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of inorganic oxidants to the spectrophotometric determination of ribavirin in bulk and capsules.

Eight spectrophotometric methods for determination of ribavirin have been developed and validated. These methods were based on the oxidation of the drug by different inorganic oxidants: ceric ammonium sulfate, potassium permanganate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate. The oxidation reactions were performed in perchloric acid medium for ceric ammonium sulfate and in sulfuric acid medium for the other reagents. With ceric ammonium sulfate and potassium permanganate, the concentration of ribavirin in its samples was determined by measuring the decrease in the absorption intensity of the colored reagents at 315 and 525 nm, respectively. With the other reagents, the concentration of ribavirin was determined by measuring the intensity of the developed colored reaction products at the wavelengths of maximum absorbance: 675, 780, 595, 595, 475, and 475 nm for reactions with ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9984-0.9998) were found between the absorbance readings and the concentrations of ribavirin in the range of 4-1400 microg/mL. The molar absorptivities were correlated with the oxidation potential of the oxidants used. The precision of the methods were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.64%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ribavirin in pure drug material and capsules with good accuracy and precision; the recovery values were 99.2-101.2 +/- 0.48-1.30%. The results obtained using the proposed spectrophotometric methods were comparable with those obtained with the official method stated in the United States Pharmacopeia.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1976

[Change in the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and resorption of necrotic areas in the formation of liver cirrhosis].

Cirrhosis of the liver was induced in rats weighing 120--140 g by CCl4 administration for a period of 2 months. Iodated oil, which caused emboly of the portal vein branches and foci of necrosis in the heptic tissue, was administered through the spleen to experimental and intact animals. The volume of necrotic foci, and also the mitotic actinity of hepatites were determined. Necrotic foci resolved more rapidly in cirrhosis of the liver. An increase of mitotic index of the second day after the administration of iodated oil was more significant in control rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Towards the eradication of iodine-deficiency disorders in Brazil through a salt iodination programme.

Iodine-deficiency disorders have been a serious public health problem in Brazil because of the failure of a salt iodination programme established in 1953. The reasons for this failure were logistical, e.g., potassium iodide was not supplied to all salt-producers, iodination of salt was largely erratic, and part of the population at risk used only non-refined salt, which was not iodinated. In 1978 a task force was therefore formed to implement measures to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders from the country. For this purpose, potassium iodate was distributed, free-of-charge, to all salt mills and an iodate dosing spray was supplied without cost to small salt producers. Also, regional laboratories for determining iodine in salt were set up, inspectors made regular visits to the salt mills, and samples of salt from commerce and from the producers were analysed. More than 90% of the samples contained 10-30 mg iodine per kg. In three typical areas of the country with endemic goitre the urinary excretion of iodine increased from an average of less than 40 mug iodine to 125 +/- 38 mug iodine per g creatinine. In conclusion, the salt iodination programme was a complete success and could serve as a model for other countries with a high prevalence of iodine-deficiency disorders.

Brazil↗
PubMed1987

Voltage-clamp of cut-end skeletal muscle fibre: a diffusion experiment.

Membrane potential and current were studied in cut end fibres of frog skeletal muscle under current and voltage clamp conditions, by the double sucrose gap technique. Similar action potentials were recorded under current clamp conditions with either the microelectrode or the double sucrose gap techniques. Under voltage clamp conditions, the control of the membrane potential was maintained adequately. The early current was sensitive to both TTX and external Na concentration suggesting that the current was carried by Na ions. Sodium current (INa) was subsequently analysed using the Hodgkin-Huxley formulae. INa half-activation and inactivation occurred at -34 mV and -60 mV, respectively. Na-rich solution applied internally by diffusion through cut ends produced a reduction of INa associated with a shift of the sodium current reversal potential (VNa) towards more negative membrane potentials. This suggested that the sodium electromotive force was reduced by the increase in internal Na content of the fibre. Iodate applied externally changed neither the activation nor the inactivation time courses of INa, but reduced the peak current. Conversely, internally applied by diffusion from the cut end of skeletal muscle fibre, iodate slowed down the time course of INa inactivation and decreased the current peak. In conclusion, the double sucrose gap technique adapted to cut end frog skeletal muscle fibre allows a satisfactory analysis of INa.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1980

[Detection of acid mucopolysaccharides by hematoxylin].

Author studied the effect of the sequence of the dissolution of components of alumhaematoxylin solution with potassium iodate in it and the effect of the quantity of components on the staining capacity of the dye. Potassium iodate should be added after haematoxylin and alum are dissolved, otherwise the staining of the cartilage and mucus will be less successful. The best staining effect of tissue specimens containing acid mucopolysaccharides and cell nuclei as well can be achieved by the use of haematoxylin solution containing 0,5 per cent of alum. Sections prepared by the freezing technique should be stained by haematoxylin containing 5 per cent of alum.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The possibilities for increasing iodine stability in the salt from Tg. Ocna saline].

Given the important iodine losses in the iodate salt from Tg. Ocna saltworks, we attempted in our laboratory at iodinating this salt with potassium iodate and iodure in concentrations of 25% mg/kg salt and 35 mg/kg salt using sodium carbonate 1 g/kg salt as stabilizing agent. The results of this study showed that our method was efficient, the iodine losses being minimal at concentrations of 35 mg/kg salt.

Drug Stability↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Costing of a salt iodine monitoring laboratory in India.

BACKGROUND: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India and can be prevented by fortifying common salt with iodine. For the iodation programme to be effective, it is necessary to monitor the iodine content of salt. The National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme recommends that one salt iodine monitoring laboratory should be set up in each district. We calculated the cost of setting up such a laboratory in the year 1993. METHODS: We estimated that approximately 6000 samples of salt would be sent annually by health workers to the district laboratory as part of the routine report system. We calculated the capital cost of the laboratory to include land, buildings and equipment. The recurrent costs included salaries, chemicals and reagents, and maintenance assuming a uniform discount of 10%. RESULTS: A total of Rs 81,550 would be needed for one such laboratory annually, of which Rs 73,500 (89%) would be recurrent costs. This comes to Rs 13.60 per sample tested or 5 paise per head per year in a district with an average population of 1.7 million. If the building is already available and the staff in position only need to be trained, then Rs 16,040 per year (equipment, chemicals and operating costs) would be required. This comes to 1 paise per head per year. CONCLUSIONS: Setting up a salt iodine monitoring laboratory, a vital component for the salt iodation programme, has modest cost implications, especially if the building and staff already exist. This is likely to be the case in most of the districts.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1993

[Despite use of iodized salt in individual food preparation there remains a 1st degree iodine deficiency in Germany].

Due to the fact that the use of iodated table salt is not compulsory in Germany and entirely at the discretion of the individual consumer, there is hardly any effective prevention of endemic iodine deficiency struma in this country. The good results achieved in the former GDR with iodine prophylaxis dropped to the FRG level after the unification. Using iodated salt when preparing individual food dishes is not enough to counteract iodine deficiency. We proved this in our study which is communicated below. An iodine deficiency of the first degree remains. Effective compensation of iodine deficiency can be achieved only if iodine is added on a large scale in all branches of food preparation (including the serving and catering of food), of the food industry (on both a major and a small scale) and in meat production, i.e. in producing food of animal origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bipolar surface electrical stimulation of the vertebrate retina.

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa with attendant photoreceptor loss can cause a profound visual handicap. We have postulated that an intraocular prosthesis that could electrically stimulate the inner retina might provide vision to some of these patients. For such a prosthesis to be feasible, electrical stimulation of the inner retina must elicit a focal retinal response. The stimulating current densities required to elicit such a response must not result in irreversible toxic reactions at the electrode-tissue interface. METHODS: To test the feasibility of this approach, we used bipolar platinum wire electrodes to electrically stimulate the inner retinal surface in bullfrog eyecup preparations and, using similar methods, we electrically stimulated rabbit eyes after injecting intravenous sodium iodate (40 mg/kg), a retinal pigment epithelial toxin with secondary effects on the photoreceptors. RESULTS: Surface electrical stimulation of the inner retina in normal eyes and in eyes with outer retinal degeneration can elicit a localized retinal response. The threshold stimulating currents resulted in charge densities of 2.98 microcoulombs per square centimeter (bullfrog), 8.92 microC/cm2 (normal rabbit), and 11.9 microC/cm2 (rabbit retinas with outer retinal degenerations). These charge densities are within the previously delineated safe limits for long-term electrical stimulation of neural tissue using platinum microelectrodes (100 microC/cm2). CONCLUSION: Multifocal electrical stimulation of the retina might be a viable approach to provide some vision to patients who have profound visual loss due to outer retinal degenerations.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hyaluronate distribution in the regenerating retinal pigment epithelium of the rabbit: a study using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

The distribution of hyaluronate (HA) in regenerating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the rabbit was examined using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The goal was to determine if there is a correlation between differentiation and HA expression, like that seen in developing tissues, where HA accumulates and then disappears as the tissue matures. In normal RPE cells HA is associated mainly with the apical surface. In regenerating RPE (produced by i.v. injection of sodium iodate to damage the epithelium, regeneration arising from spared cells), HA exhibits a patchy distribution among the more immature cells and is especially prominent where they overlap or pile up on each other. Where cells are more mature and form a compact monolayer of cells, HA is expressed mainly on the apical surface, as in normal RPE. The accumulation of HA among the more immature cells in the regenerating epithelial sheet supports the hypothesis that HA influences differentiation by suppressing cell-cell associations until the proper time for their formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of a model compound for the lysine tyrosylquinone cofactor of lysyl oxidase.

We characterized a model compound for the lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ) cofactor of lysyl oxidase which is one of the mammalian copper-dependent amine oxidases. The model compound, 4-butylamino-5-methyl-o-quinone, was prepared from n-butylamine and 4-methylcatechol by the oxidation with sodium iodate and characterized by spectroscopic analyses. The absorption maximum at 494 nm is consistent with that of lysyl oxidase. The model compound was capable of deaminating benzylamine to benzaldehyde at 37 degrees C in buffered aqueous acetonitrile. The aldehyde production was markedly elevated in the presence of the Cu(II)-EDTA complex but inhibited by free Cu(II). The catalytic cycle was observed at pH 10 in the presence of Cu(II), and the pH activity profile showed a broad optimum at about pH 9.0. In the presence of beta-aminopropionitrile and upon deoxygenation with N2 aldelyde, production was decreased. The important features of the reaction were consistent with the enzymatic reaction.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1987

The hyperosmolarity-induced response of the ocular standing potential in mature rabbits.

The hyperosmolarity-induced response of the ocular standing potential (SP) provides a method of testing the function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) without using light stimulation. In this study, the changes in potential level occurring after a short-term intravenous injection of 10 ml of 20% mannitol were determined by means of a direct current amplifier for the following groups: Group 1, normal rabbit eyes; Group 2, rabbit eyes in which the RPE was damaged by sodium iodate; Group 3, rabbit eyes in which the photoreceptors were damaged by monoiodoacetic acid; Group 4, rabbit eyes with uveoretinitis experimentally induced by Arthus-type inflammation. The following results were obtained: 1. The hyperosmolarity-induced SP response consisted of a transient increase in potential level (positive wave) in Group 1. 2. For Group 2 a transient decrease in potential level (negative wave) was obtained, i.e., a reversal of the normal positive response to negative wave. 3. A positive wave and no reversal was found for Group 3. 4. For Group 4 a negative wave and a reversal of the normal response was obtained. These hyperosmolarity-induced SP responses provide additional information concerning the possibilities of the method for studying the function of the RPE.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Coenzyme A dependent myristoylation and demyristoylation in the regulation of bovine spleen N-myristoyltransferase.

N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is an essential eukaryotic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of myristate to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of a number of important proteins of diverse function. Little is known about the control and regulation of NMT in higher eukaryotes. Bovine spleen N-myristoyltransferase has been purified and characterized [Raju, RVS, Kalra J & Sharma RK (1994) J Biol Chem 269:12080-12083]. The activation of bovine spleen NMT with thiol reducing compounds, and its inhibition by the oxidizing agent sodium iodate, suggest a role for oxidation/reduction in NMT regulation. Available knowledge concerning coenzyme A (CoA), the thiol in the cell, indicated that the agents tested on NMT could also reduce or oxidize CoA. The studies suggested that reduced CoA is the key regulator of NMT activity, while oxidized CoA did not allow NMT to promote myristoylation. Further, the process of myristoylation and demyristoylation may be governed by NMT, depending on the differential concentration of CoA. The process of demyristoylation could be blocked by excess CoA. We therefore hypothesize that the initial event in the regulation of NMT is an increase in cellular CoA concentration which could be coupled to an increase in protein myristoylation. Once the CoA concentration in the cell decreases due to oxidation, the demyristoylation process would be operative.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1993

Responsiveness of cardiac Na+ channels to a site-directed antiserum against the cytosolic linker between domains III and IV and their sensitivity to other modifying agents.

Elementary Na+ currents were recorded in inside-out patches from neonatal rat heart cardiocytes to analyze the influence of a site-directed polyclonal anti-serum against the linker region between the domains III and IV (amino acids 1489-1507 of the cardiac Na+ channel protein) on Na+ channel gating and to test whether this part of the alpha-subunit may be considered as a target for modifying agents such as the (-)-enantiomer of DPI 201-106. Anti-SLP 1 serum (directed against amino acids 1490-1507) evoked, usually within 10-15 min after cytosolic administration, modified Na+ channel activity. Antiserum-modified Na+ channels retain a single open state but leave, at -60 mV for example, their conducting configuration consistently with an about threefold lower rate than normal Na+ channels. Another outstanding property of noninactivating Na+ channels, enhanced burst activity, may be quite individually pronounced, a surprising result which is difficult to interpret in terms of structure-function relations. Removal of inactivation led to an increase of reconstructed peak INa (indicating a rise in NPo) and changed INa decay to obey second-order kinetics, i.e., open probability declined slowly but progressively during membrane depolarization. The underlying deactivation process is voltage dependent and responds to a positive voltage shift with a deceleration but may operate even at the same membrane potential with different rates. Iodate-modified Na+ channels exhibit very similar properties including a conserved conductance. They are likewise controlled by an efficient, voltage-dependent deactivation process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗