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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Specialty nursing council: a peer support group for nurses in independent roles.

As nurses move into more nontraditional, expanded roles, they sometimes lack a social and professional support group within the work setting. Feeling isolated and lacking support, several clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) at a large county institution began the Specialty Nursing Council. The Specialty Nursing Council provides a means of networking and support for nurses in specialty roles in a three institution health care campus. Monthly meetings are conducted to bring members together and for continuing education programs. The keys to success in forming this type of council are: 1) a dedicated group that plans, organizes, and distributes informational material; 2) common goals and objectives; 3) direct benefits to members.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[How can the largest possible number of people be reached by a prophylaxis program in a country with a scattered population?].

Two prophylactic programs are described suited to Icelandic conditions: a basic program for the majority of children and youth, and an additional program for individuals who have unusually high caries activities, -called the risk-group. The basic program consists of a) information distributed to groups on diets, including a restricted use of carbohydrates, b) instructions in dental hygiene, c) regular use of fluoride in the form of mouth-wash or tooth-brushing with a fluoride-solution. The additional program aims at individual motivation, explanation of cause and effect and intensive fluorideutilization.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational medicine in the eighties: decade of change.

This chapter focuses on current medical practices in the petroleum industry as they reflect the social, managerial, technological and regulatory changes of the present decade. Modern health policies and medical organizations are reviewed, with emphasis on health evaluation programs, health information distribution and clinical services. The author concludes with commentary about apparent future trends.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1972

Four-year study of WHO virus reports on enteroviruses other than poliovirus.

In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for collecting and distributing information on viruses. By 1970, 93 laboratories in 33 countries were participating. The present study is an analysis of the reports on coxsackieviruses A and B and echoviruses for the 4 years 1967-70. Among the coxsackieviruses A, type 9 was reported most frequently, and the most frequently reported coxsackievirus B was type 3. Among the echoviruses, types 9, 6, and 30 were common. In the northern hemisphere the season of highest incidence for each of the three groups was June-October; in the southern hemisphere it was November-February. Most of the infections were in children and the clinical manifestations usually included aseptic meningitis, respiratory disease, skin eruptions, undifferentiated febrile illnesses, and gastroenteritis. The relative frequency of an association of a virus with a clinical syndrome differed not only between the three groups of viruses under study, but in a number of instances between the types within a group. As is well known there were a number of instances in which a specific clinical syndrome was linked to certain specific viruses-e.g., hand, foot, and mouth disease to certain types of coxsackievirus A, and myalgia (Bornholm disease) and cardiac conditions to coxsackieviruses B. There was also an apparent relation between age and symptoms-e.g., those due to the coxsackievirus B associated with Bornholm disease in persons over 15 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Study of the foot ground pressure pattern in children (author's transl)].

The use of a new apparatus has enabled the authors to study the distribution to the ground of the plantar pressures by the way of ciphering each support area. This procedure is valuable and very precise as 500 pressure pick-up are used which give reliable, numerous and regularly distributed informations. The normal footprint has first been evaluated. Then, a comparison was possible with pathologic foot, so it was possible to estimate the result of a functional or surgical treatment on the morphology of the foot.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The evolution of occupational health and the role of government.

Concern for the protection of workers' health is not new to medicine. Physicians in the 1400's raised awareness among colleagues as to the need to prevent the diseases of employment in mines. Society has responded to increasing levels of evidence as to the relationships between disease and certain worksites by making employers accountable for the individual and social costs incurred by poor workplace hygiene. This has occurred by the development of workers' compensation and occupational health and safety regulatory programs. The impact of these efforts has been to significantly reduce occupational disease and safety problems in industry. Increasing resources have also been given to the training of physicians in occupational medicine and research into links between occupations and disease. Increasing pressure to reduce public spending and to deregulate are challenging government's ability to continue research, training, technical information distribution, consultation and regulatory cleanup efforts to improve work conditions and thus reduce the incidence of occupational safety and health problems.

Government↗
PubMed1981

Ploidy and DNA distribution analysis of spontaneous dog tumors by flow cytometry.

Ploidy and DNA content distributions were measured for 68 biopsy specimens of spontaneous (solid) dog tumors using flow cytometry analysis of mithramycin-stained cells. The tumor ploidy (i.e., DNA index values) ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 (diploid = 1.0), with a mean of 1.4. More than 80% of the tumors had elevated G0-G1 peak DNA contents and were classified heteroploid, similar to human solid tumors. Six mammary carcinomas and osteosarcomas had bimodal G0-G1 peaks. Based on flow cytometric data and pathology criteria, it was observed that: (a) the percentage of tumor S-phase cells tended to increase with increasing DNA index; and (b) for a given DNA index, the percentage of S-phase cells was lower for well-differentiated tumors and higher for poorly differentiated tumors. The inherent scattering of the DNA content and DNA distribution data between different tumor types limited the usefulness of these data for classifying tumors. The results suggest that improved classification of cytologically different tumors and tumor subsets might be achieved by simultaneous flow measurement of DNA content and DNA distribution information with an additional parameter that detects the cytological differentiation state.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A constraint reasoning system for automating sequence-specific resonance assignments from multidimensional protein NMR spectra.

AUTOASSIGN is a prototype expert system designed to aid in the determination of protein structure from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. In this paper we focus on one of the key steps of this process, the assignment of the observed NMR signals to specific atomic nuclei in the protein; i.e. the determination of sequence-specific resonance assignments. Recently developed triple-resonance (1H, 15N, and 13C) NMR experiments [Montelione et al., 1992] have provided an important breakthrough in this field, as the resulting data are more amenable to automated analysis than data sets generated using conventional strategies [Wuethrich, 1986]. The "assignment problem" can be stated as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) with some added complexities. There is very little internal structure to the problem, making it difficult to apply subgoaling and problem decomposition. Moreover, the data used to generate the constraints are incomplete, non-unique, and noisy, and constraints emerge dynamically as analysis progresses. The traditional inference engine is replaced by a set of very tightly-coupled modules which enforce extensive constraint propagation, with state information distributed over the objects whose relationships are being constrained. AUTOASSIGN provides correct and nearly complete resonance assignments with both simulated and real 3D triple-resonance data for a 72 amino acid protein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

SD filtering for enhancement of a nuclear medicine image sequence.

This paper explores the use of an image sequence processing algorithm, called the simultaneous diagonalization (SD) filter, which can be effectively applied to long noisy image sequences. This filter was developed to filter a spatially invariant image sequence to form one new image in which a desired feature is enhanced and one or more undesired features (and noise) are suppressed in the filtered image. This filtering technique, applied to a long noisy image sequence, can be used to achieve significant data compression for image storage and provide surprisingly good enhanced image reconstructions. For this investigation, SD filtering is applied to a temporal image sequence, a renogram, with compression of a very noisy 180-image sequence to a 4-image set. The renogram, a nuclear medicine technique, was chosen due to its low signal-to-noise ratio over a long image sequence. Before the application of the SD filter, classical image processing techniques, median and averaging filtering, are used as a preliminary method to reduce the image sequence noise content. Compared to any of the images in the original image sequence, the reconstructed images are remarkably good. The SD filter with prefiltering, thus, can collect information distributed over a 180-image temporal sequence with low signal-to-noise ratio.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

A pictorial guide to the chromosomal identification of members of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex in west Africa with particular reference to the Onchocerciasis Control Programme Area.

Simulium damnosum Theobald is made up of a complex of sibling species. Nine species are described in the area covered by the World Health Organisation's Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP). These are, S. squamosum, S. yahense, S. canctipauli, S. soubrense, S. leonense, S. konkourense, S. damnosum s.s., S. sirbanum and S. dieguerense. All of them are vectors of human onchocerciasis, albeit to different capacities. Reliable species determination presently depends on larval cytotaxonomic criteria. The diagnostic chromosomal inversions and other micromorphological characters used in the identification of the species found in the OCP area are presented with figures for their recognition, some distributional information is also given.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1993

A framework for modelling the electronic medical record.

This paper presents a model for an electronic medical record which satisfies the requirements for a faithful and structured record of patient care set out in a previous paper in this series. The model underlies the PEN & PAD clinical workstation, and it provides for a permanent, completely attributable record of patient care and the process of medical decision making. The model separates the record into two levels: direct observations of the patient and meta-statements about the use of observations in decision making and the clinical dialogue. The model is presented in terms of "descriptions" formulated in the Structured Meta Knowledge (SMK) formalism, but many of its features are more general than the specific implementation. The use of electronic medical records based on the model for decision support and the analysis of aggregated data are discussed along with potential use of the model in distributed information systems.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1993

Harnessing health information in the Third World.

The provision of technical information on health in developing countries is discussed, with particular reference to the Diarrhoeal Diseases Information Services Centre in Bangladesh. Progress towards meeting the pressing needs of the Third World in this field can undoubtedly be made by increasing the use of micrographic, computer and videodisc technologies and by reorganizing and promoting the facilities on offer.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1996

Visual response properties of striate cortical neurons projecting to area MT in macaque monkeys.

We have previously shown that some neurons in extrastriate area MT are capable of signaling the global motion of complex patterns; neurons randomly sampled from V1, on the other hand, respond only to the motion of individual oriented components. Because only a small fraction of V1 neurons projects to MT, we wished to establish the processing hierarchy more precisely by studying the properties of those neurons projecting to MT, identified by antidromic responses to electrical stimulation of MT. The neurons that project from V1 to MT were directionally selective and, like other V1 neurons, responded only to the motion of the components of complex patterns. The projection neurons were predominantly "special complex," responsive to a broad range of spatial and temporal frequencies, and sensitive to very low stimulus contrasts. The projection neurons thus comprise a homogeneous and highly specialized subset of V1 neurons, consistent with the notion that V1 acts as clearing house of basic visual measurements, distributing information appropriately to higher cortical areas for specialized analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Systems for monitoring animal health in Switzerland].

Due to the changing conditions of animal production in Switzerland the demand for scientifically based animal health information has increased during the last years. It has become a central element in animal health policy making. National animal health surveillance systems include methods for data collection, analyses, interpretation and information distribution. The current Swiss surveillance systems are presented. In the future, these systems should be more integrated in order to make better use of the available data. The project "Systems for the recording of animal health in Switzerland" (SysET) is a proposal how a comprehensive animal data base could be developed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1997

Primary care physicians' recognition of and attitudes toward domestic violence.

PURPOSE: Physicians fail to identify the majority of domestic violence victims, even though they are often the first and only individuals to whom a victim may present. The present study was designed to assess primary care physicians' recognition of and attitudes toward domestic violence. METHOD: Of the 148 primary care physicians in three midwestern counties, all the women and a random sample of the men were included in the survey, for a total of 83. A seven-page questionnaire was developed that contained items about demographics and practice characteristics, and questions about the following aspects of domestic violence: knowledge, attitudes, importance, and prevalence in practice; attitudes toward responsibility; current practices and protocols used; level of education and domestic violence received; and opinions on how best to distribute information and/or education concerning domestic violence. The questionnaire was mailed in 1994. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls, remailings, and visits to the physicians' offices. Responses were examined using chi-square tests and two-tailed t-tests. RESULTS: The response rate was 63% (52 of 83); 53% of those responding were family physicians and 47% were general internists; 34% were women. Although all of the physicians agreed that finding and treating domestic violence is important, less than half agreed that domestic violence was a significant problem in their patient populations. Almost 96% of the physicians believed that more should be done to educate physicians about domestic violence, and 94% agreed that domestic violence should be included in a doctor's professional medical training; yet nearly half said they would not participate in a domestic violence forum. Even though 41% noted that they had received some type of formal education about domestic violence, 57% felt that their medical education had inadequately prepared them to deal with domestic violence, and less than 25% reported that they had been trained to diagnose domestic violence. The family physicians and the female physicians had received more education about domestic violence and were more comfortable addressing domestic-violence situations. The older physicians were less comfortable addressing domestic violence and were less likely to agree that education about domestic violence should be a part of medical training. CONCLUSION: Interventions by the medical community to increase physician awareness of domestic violence and available treatment resources are necessary, and domestic-violence information should be included in formal medical curricula.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

The evolution of an integrated timeline for oncology patient healthcare.

The introduction of computers in the medical environment has contributed to the proliferation of medical data, often making it difficult to consolidate information on a single patient. In patients with complex medical problems, such as oncology patients, the lack of data integration can negatively impact on patient care. This paper presents an infrastructure for the creation of an integrated multimedia timeline that automatically combines patient information from distributed hospital information sources, and creates a visual summary of pertinent events in a patient's medical history. In this prototype, we focus on oncology patients under treatment for advanced cancers.

Database Management Systems↗