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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Changes in left ventricular diastolic function after left ventriculography: a comparison with iopamidol and urografin.

Changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic indices after left ventriculography (LVG) with iopamidol or urografin were studied in 42 subjects. Increase in heart rate and decrease in LV systolic pressure were more significant with urografin than with iopamidol (p less than 0.05 to 0.001). LV end-diastolic pressure was elevated more with urografin than with iopamidol (p less than 0.005 to 0.05) 1 to 3 minutes after LVG. LV peak negative dP/dt decreased significantly with urografin immediately (10 to 15 seconds, -511 and 30 seconds, -376 mm Hg/sec; p less than 0.0005 to 0.02), but with iopamidol it did not decrease significantly after LVG. Time constant, T, was elongated with iopamidol (10 to 15 seconds, +13 and 30 seconds, +6 msec; p less than 0.0005), but this elongation was significantly less than urografin (10 to 15 seconds, +34; 30 seconds, +25; 1 minute, +15; and 2 minutes, +10 msec; p less than 0.05 to 0.0005). We conclude that iopamidol disturbed LV diastolic function to a lesser degree than did urografin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the electrocardiographic and hemodynamic responses to ionic and nonionic radiocontrast media during left ventriculography: a randomized double-blind study.

The ECG and hemodynamic responses to a standard ionic radiographic contrast agent (diatrizoate) were measured and compared to those induced by iopamidol, a newly developed nonionic agent, during left ventriculography. Studies were performed using randomized double-blind techniques in 46 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization. A nuclear probe was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction and relative ventricular volume before and immediately after left ventriculography. Bolus injections of diatrizoate and iopamidol induced similar significant decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and similar significant increases in both left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.05) and systolic ejection fraction (p less than 0.01 vs baseline). Both agents induced modest increases in heart rate, but only the increase induced by diatrizoate was significant (p less than 0.01). The maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise was not significantly altered by either agent. Iopamidol induced a slight increase in QRS duration (p less than 0.05); neither agent effected a significant change in QT duration. We conclude that the hemodynamic effects during left ventriculography using diatrizoate and iopamidol are similar. These findings do not justify the large-scale substitution of more expensive nonionic radiographic contrast agents for standard ionic agents such as diatrizoate in left ventriculography.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Renal failure following major angiography.

Acute renal failure following angiography with contrast agents is known to occur, but the circumstances and frequency of its occurrence are not well described. A retrospective review of consecutive angiographic procedures performed over a six month interval revealed a 12 per cent incidence of renal failure following angiography. The degree of failure was severe in approximately 30 per cent of these cases and was associated with a significant mortality even though renal function usually recovered. The occurrence of renal failure was associated with the presence of renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria at the time of angiography to a statistically significant level. Furthermore, combinations of these factors, particularly preexisting combined renal insufficiency and impaired liver function, were associated with an increased incidence of acute renal failure. It is concluded that angiography poses a significant hazard to patients with underlying medical problems, particularly those involving the excretory routes of the contrast agent.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of histamine release effects of ionic and non-ionic radiographic contrast media.

Histamine release may underline the side effects (particularly anaphylactoid) of radiographic contrast media. To study the histamine-releasing properties of radiographic contrast media, this study measured the in vitro release of histamine from human basophils incubated with diatrizoate, a standard ionic radiographic contrast agent, and with iopamidol, a newly developed non-ionic contrast agent. The basophils were separated from blood obtained from 16 patients scheduled for coronary angiography. For both diatrizoate and iopamidol, the concentration of histamine released varied as the concentration of radiographic contrast agent was increased from 0.075 M to 0.50 M. At the higher concentrations tested, the percent of histamine released by iopamidol was about half that released by diatrizoate (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the use of non-ionic contrast media may involve less patient risk from the histamine-mediated allergic and/or hemodynamic side effects associated with radiographic contrast procedures.

Diatrizoate↗
PubMed1979

Dual-isotope separation technique for radioassay. Precision of calculated results affected by degree of separation.

The dual-isotope separation technique for radioassay is reviewed. An expression is derived describing the effect of counting errors on the precision of the calculated bound count rate in the dual-isotope technique. This mathematic model is tested in experiments using sodium iothalamate (I-125) as a marker in the Phadebas radiosorbent assay of cobalamin (Co-57). The coefficient of variation of results calculated on the basis of the dual-isotope technique is shown to be dependent on the amount of supernatant removed. The conclusion is that relatively large amounts of the supernatant must be removed before counting if the dual-isotope technique is to give acceptable results. The experimental model is proposed as a simple test of the suitability of a projected dual-isotope system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Dual-isotope separation technique for radioassay of cobalamin.

Cobalamin is assayed by a dual-isotope separation method using sodium [125I]iothalamate as a marker. Two systems are used: one in which the incompletely-separated bound fraction is counted and compared with the single-isotope method in which the bound fraction is separated by washing (Phadebas radiosorbent assay); and one in which an aliquot of the free fraction is counted. In the dual-isotope method counting bound fractions, about 97% of the supernatant is removed by pouring from silicone fluid separators. The results for serum samples obtained using dual- and single-isotope methods were similar (between run coefficients of variation 5--7%). Experimental errors were smaller in the dual-isotope method. A factor in the kit standards, presumably the absence of proteins, was found to affect the separation technique, resulting in relatively large experimental errors for standards in the single-isotope method. Washing the solid phase in the single-isotope method apparently resulted in a loss of bound isotope. In the dual-isotope method counting free fractions reasonable precision was obtained (coefficient of variation of serum samples 6.6%) even though only about 56% of the supernatant (free fraction) was counted.

Humans↗