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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors associated with group A rotavirus in children.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for infectious intestinal disease (IID) due to rotavirus group A in children aged under 16 years. METHODS: Case-control study of cases of IID with rotavirus infection presenting to general practitioners (GPs) or occurring in community cohorts, and matched controls. RESULTS: There were 139 matched pairs. In children under 16 years the following risk factors were significantly associated with rotavirus IID: living in rented council housing (adjusted OR = 3.78, P = 0.022), accommodation with more than five rooms (OR = 0.72, P = 0.002), contact with someone ill with IID (OR = 3.45, P < 0.001). Some foods were associated with decreased risk. In infants, bottle feeding with or without breast feeding was associated with increased risk (OR = 9.06, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Contact with persons with IID, living in rented council housing and accommodation with fewer rooms, were significant risk factors for sporadic rotavirus IID in children whereas breast feeding is protective in infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence of intestinal disease due to Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)].

Enteropathogenic bacteria have been identified in 413 of 7054 patients (5.9%) with intestinal disease who were examined at the Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg (South Germany), during the period November 1975 to November 1977. Salmonella was most frequently isolated (304 cases = 4.3%), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (102 cases = 1.5%). Cases of shigellosis (7 cases) or infections with so-called enteropathogenic serogroups of Escherichia coli (20 cases) were rarely observed. Disease due to Yersinia enterocolitica occurred in 57 male and 45 female patients. Sixty-two patients were children of less than 15 years; among them, the age-group of 1 to 3 years (31 cases) was most frequently attacked. -Mild to severe enteritis was prevalent in 84 cases. Thirteen patients developed pseudo-appendicitis or abdominal cramps without diarrhea, three of whom had appendectomies. One female patient suffered from mild diarrhea followed by fever and arthritis; in three other subjects intestinal symptoms were lacking. In the two years' period the highest incidence of salmonellosis was observed during August to October. On the other hand, most Yersinia cases occurred during September to December. At the end of the year (December 1976 and November 1977, respectively) Yersinia enterocolitica became the most important agent of bacterial enteritis. The results are discussed in view of the current Federal German Public Health Regulations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Factors for prognostic use in equine obstructive small intestinal disease.

Twenty horses with small intestinal obstructions requiring surgery were evaluated prospectively. Ten horses lived (group 1) and 10 died (group 2). Eight of the horses in group 1 had simple obstruction and 7 of the horses in group 2 had strangulation obstruction. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the mean intraluminal hydrostatic pressure in horses of groups 1 and 2 (6.3 cm H2O and 15 cm H2O, respectively). The mean peritoneal fluid protein concentration in horses of groups 1 and 2 (2.8 mg/dl and 5.4 mg/dl, respectively) also differed significantly between groups (P less than 0.01). Histologic evaluation of the intestinal specimens from horses of group 1 (n = 3) and group 2 (n = 6) revealed more severe mucosal lesions in group 2. The measured values that were not significantly different between the 2 groups included PCV, total serum protein content, WBC count, anion gap, and duration of colic before admission. It was concluded that peritoneal fluid protein concentration and intraluminal hydrostatic pressure in small intestinal obstruction may be used as adjuncts to diagnosis and as prognostic indicators.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease, England and Wales, 1992-2000.

From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2000, 27 milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (IID) were reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC). These outbreaks represented a fraction (2%) of all outbreaks of foodborne origin (N = 1774) reported to CDSC, but were characterized by significant morbidity. Unpasteurized milk (52%) was the most commonly reported vehicle of infection in milkborne outbreaks, with milk sold as pasteurized accounting for the majority of the rest (37%). Salmonellas (37%), Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 (33%) and campylobacters (26%) were the most commonly detected pathogens, and most outbreaks were linked to farms (67%). This report highlights the importance of VTEC O157 as a milkborne pathogen and the continued role of unpasteurized milk in human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Residual intestinal disease after milk allergy in infancy.

BACKGROUND: The subsidence of cow's milk allergy (CMA) has been a subject of controversy. In this study the authors examined whether children with this condition in infancy developed full tolerance or whether they continue to have vague gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms relating to the consumption of milk or dairy products and/or signs of mucosal lesion in the GI tract. METHODS: The authors reexamined 56 10-year-old subjects who manifested CMA before 1 year of age, and compared the results with a group of 204 randomly selected age-matched school children. Fifty-three and 90 subjects respectively attended a reexamination and were evaluated for growth, lactose tolerance, and immunoglobulin A (IgA)- and IgG-class antibodies to whole cow's milk. The subjects reporting milk-related GI symptoms were encouraged to do a 4-week blind elimination-challenge test with 1 week of low-lactose milk flour. Sixteen of the 25 children were able to complete the trial. RESULTS: Approximately half the study subjects (45%) reported milk-related GI symptoms, whereas the respective figure among the control subjects was 10%. Three of six study subjects and seven of 10 control subjects, although completing the challenge, responded with intestinal symptoms. The growth of the former CMA subjects was retarded compared with the control subjects, and the difference in height was most striking in those subjects still reporting milk-related GI symptoms. However, all subjects had normal hemoglobin and whole-blood folic acid levels. The CMA subjects had significantly (P = 0.014) lower concentrations of milk antibodies compared with the control subjects. Lactose malabsorption, defined as high counts in a hydrogen breath test and related clinical symptoms, was found in eight CMA subjects (14%) and six control subjects (3%). CONCLUSIONS: In a certain proportion of subjects with CMA in infancy, GI intolerance seems to persist even after small-dose tolerance has been achieved. The intestinal symptoms and the increased prevalence of lactose intolerance may be caused by a disturbance of the surface epithelial cells--a state to which the authors refer as residual intestinal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Absence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis components from Crohn's disease intestinal biopsy tissues.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease is a chronic human intestinal inflammatory disorder for which an etiologic agent has not been identified. Johne's disease is a similar chronic enteric granulomatous disease of ruminant species and has been used as a model of Crohn's disease. Johne's disease has been proven to be caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. avium ss paratuberculosis). It has been proposed that M. avium ss paratuberculosis may also cause Crohn's disease. This is of particular concern because the organism may be spread to humans through inadequately pasteurized dairy products. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether M. avium ss paratuberculosis could be detected using identical techniques in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of bovine Johne's disease and human Crohn's, ulcerative colitis and diverticular diseases. Samples were obtained for analysis from national tissue banks. DESIGN: Cross-species and cross-disease sample comparisons by multiple detection techniques. METHODS: Histology, immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were utilized to test and compare the presence of M. avium ss paratuberculosis components. Insertion sequence IS900, present in multiple copies and found only in M. avium ss paratuberculosis, was utilized in both PCR and immunocytochemical analyses. RESULTS: The IS900 sequence was demonstrable in all samples of confirmed positive Johne's disease tissue. The sequence was not identified in the 35 Crohn's, 36 ulcerative colitis, and 21 diverticular disease samples. CONCLUSION: M. avium ss paratuberculosis was not associated with the lesions in these Crohn's disease samples, using these methods.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative reliability of D-xylose absorption and serum beta-carotene measurements in small intestinal disease.

Comparative reliability of D-xylose absorption and serum beta-carotene measurements was studied in 63 healthy and sick children suspected of having proximal small intestinal disease. Group 1 included children with newly diagnosed celiac disease (CD) who were on a normal diet (xylose, n = 46; carotene, n = 43); group 2 included children with CD in remission (xylose, n = 17; carotene, n = 15); group 3 included children with CD in remission, but who were exposed to a gluten-containing diet for an average of 1.4 years (xylose, n = 19; carotene, n = 17); and group 4 included 17 healthy children, insofar as this study is concerned, in whom serum carotene was examined. The means of serum xylose of groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than the mean of group 2 (p less than 0.001 in both cases). D-Xylose had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 100%. The mean serum carotene concentration for group 2 patients with CD in remission was equal to the mean of group 4, which included healthy children. The means of groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than the means of groups 2 and 4 (p less than 0.001 in all cases). Serum beta-carotene had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 87.5%. The use of these two serum tests in combination would give a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 94.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Outbreaks of foodborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales: 1992 and 1993.

We have analysed data from the surveillance scheme of general foodborne outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales reported to, or otherwise identified by, the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in 1992 and 1993. Data were available about 458 outbreaks, 197 (43%) in commercial catering premises (restaurants, cafés, hotels, public houses, and canteens), 77 (17%) associated with food prepared in private houses, and 58 (13%) in hospitals and residential institutions. Salmonellas and Clostridium perfringens were responsible for 340 outbreaks (74%) and no pathogen was identified in 55 outbreaks (12%). Organisms associated with the highest mean attack rates were Staphylococcus aureus (66%) and C. perfringens (53%). Eleven thousand people were reported to be il and 362 were admitted to hospital. There were 15 deaths, 13 of which were associated with salmonellosis. A specified food was suspected to be the vehicle of infection in 204 outbreaks (45%). Possible contributory factors were identified in 277 (61%), most commonly inappropriate storage, cross contamination, and inadequate heat treatment. Reducing the incidence of food poisoning will depend on concerted action on farms, in abattoirs and food processing plants, in wholesale and retail outlets, and in kitchens.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1978

Protein-losing enteropathy due to segmental erosive and ulcerative intestinal disease cured by limited resection of the bowel.

Two children suffering from extensive intestinal protein loss due to subacute and chronic segmental small bowel disease are presented. In the first case a tentative diagnosis of chronic erosive and ulcerative non-granulomatous jejunitis as described in adults was made. The second child suffered from subacute erosive and ulcerative segmental transmural ileitis following mechanical ileus. In both instances resection of the involved segments of small intestine promptly cured the enteric protein loss. It is suggested that excessive protein loss due to subacute or chronic segmental erosive and ulcerative intestinal disease may be cured definitively by surgical resection. An explorative laparotomy should be performed if broad internistic investigations do not provide an explanation for the severe and prolonged enteric protein loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Problems in the differential diagnosis of intestinal diseases in patients who have traveled in the tropics].

Taking into consideration the increasing intercontinental tourist traffic we are in an increasing degree confronted with diseases which above all or exclusively acquired in warm countries. Besides the diseases which occur in our country they must find differential diagnostic consideration in disturbances of the health. On account of their frequency gastrointestinal disturbances they are essential for these travellers. On the basis of the following instances of diseases problems of the differential diagnosis and the evaluation of findings are shortly demonstrated: colon amoeboma; colon carcinoma; colon polyposis; ascaridasis; lambliasis; trichuriasis, affection with fasciola hepatica; affection with fasciolopsis buski; schistosomiasis intestinalis. It is referred to peculiarities in inhabitants of the tropics who transitorily live in our climatic zone.

Colonic Diseases↗