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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Maxillary canine retraction, periodontal surgery, and relapse.

Extraction spaces closed during the course of orthodontic therapy tend to re-open, whereas orthodontically rotated teeth are prone to relapse. One of the major causes of spaces opening between teeth is the supra-alveolar soft tissues which do not always adapt to the new tooth positions. Seven patients requiring extraction of upper first premolar teeth as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected for this study. Tattoo marks were placed in the attached gingivae close to the upper canine teeth. The canines were then retracted orthodontically across the extraction spaces. The left side was designated the control side and the right side the experimental side. Immediately after completion of retraction, the attached gingiva was surgically detached from the canine teeth on the experimental sides. The canines on both sides were retained in their new positions for 8 weeks following space closure. The amount of relapse or recoil of the gingivae was measured. In this study the gross gingival changes were similar to those described by Atherton and Kerr, Atherton, Edwards. The tattoo marks moved distally with the retracted canines. The amount of gingival movement was similar on both experimental and control sides and ranged between 49.4 percent and 82.4 percent of the retraction distance. Very little recoil or relapse of the gingivae occurred following surgical detachment from the canines. The results of this study indicate that the gingivae appear to adapt to the new tooth position and that relapse of canines retracted across extraction sites in the maxilla is not necessarily caused by the supra-alveolar soft tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Electrocautery in orthodontics.

Electrocautery has all but disappeared from the clinical dental setting. Through technical advances, there have been developed new instruments which must now challenge the profession to re-examine the use of electrocautery as a valuable adjunct, particularly in the field of orthodontics. This article will describe a simple yet effective battery-operated electrocautery unit. Indications and examples of its use will also be presented.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1986

The effect of gingival fiberotomy on the rate of tooth movement.

This study was designed to assess the gingival tissue resistance to remodeling in determining the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Closed coil spring orthodontic appliances were stretched bilaterally between the first molars and incisors in the maxillary arches of 18 adult rats. The resistance of gingival tissues was eliminated around the randomly chosen first molars by a circumferential fiberotomy procedure. Movements of teeth were measured on submental vertex radiographs against the metallic implants that were placed in zygomatic processes. The data were analyzed by randomized block design analysis of variance. During the 30-day experimental period, the teeth that underwent the fiberotomy procedure moved faster (0.63 mm versus 0.51 mm, P less than 0.05), indicating that the resistance of gingival tissues may be a rate-limiting factor in orthodontic tooth movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of excision of the root apex on the intrusive mobility of anterior teeth in adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Intrusive tooth mobility was recorded on anterior teeth in four adult male animals by linear variable-differential transformers. Reflection of the labial mucosa caused a significant increase in mobility at 4 N when the loading rate was slow (1 N s-1) but not when fast (100 N s-1). No significant additional increase in mobility was recorded after the apices were removed from eight incisors and canines. A further study on five incisors was made in which the displacement at 4 N load was noted half hourly during a control period of 5 or 6 h. Some weeks later, the sequence was repeated but the apices were resected after 3 or 4 h. As there was no increase in mobility for the majority of teeth following apicoectomy and, for two teeth studied in detail where there was an increase, that change was short lived; it seems that compression in the fundus of the socket is not a mechanism of importance in supporting the tooth against small intrusive loads.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A histologic comparison of effects of electrosurgical resection using different electrodes.

Electrosurgery is a helpful adjunct to restorative dentistry, yet there often is damage to underlying connective tissue. In this study, small loop electrodes demonstrated a wider area of coagulation necrosis than was found with needle electrodes. In all instances, coagulation necrosis as a result of heat was noted. To help minimize tissue damage, very fine wire electrodes should be used, and entry into deep tissue layers should be avoided.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1980

Effect of retraction procedures on the periodontium in humans.

On the basis of wound healing and gingival recession caused by the three procedures, the copper-band retraction method was the most satisfactory. This tentative conclusion is based on the following reasons: 1. Retraction methods must be evaluated relative to the impression procedure and fit of the restoration. The long-range effects of the marginal fit are probably the most important factor for enhancing periodontal health. 2. This study involved only healthy periodontia of adolescent patients. Different healing might be observed in tissues characterized by gingivitis or periodontitis. 3. A broader study involving a greater range of procedures and conditions is recommended to evaluate each retraction technique. 4. This study involved teeth which had an adequate zone of attached gingiva. More complicated healing and perhaps altered sequences might be observed if the procedures were performed on gingival margins of alveolar mucosa, thin gingival walls, or areas of root prominence and thin cortical bone.

Adolescent↗