Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Eyebrows”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Advancement of the frontalis muscle for ptosis of the brow associated with essential blepharospasm.

We evaluated our results of advancement of the frontalis muscle to correct brow ptosis associated with blepharospasm in five patients who had difficulty opening their eyelids as a result of ptosis even after injections of botulinum toxin. The frontalis muscle was retracted inferiorly and connected directly to the skin of the eyebrow. Postoperatively the level of the eyebrow was raised above the superior orbital rim in all cases during the observation period (4 to 15 months). Although the operation did not improve muscle spasms, it successfully shortened the duration of involuntary closure of the eyelid. The only postoperative complication was lymphoedema of the eyelids. Results of postoperative injection of botulinum toxin were satisfactory. Advancement of the frontalis muscle corrects brow ptosis without major complications, and is complementary to injection of botulinum toxin.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The endoscopic forehead lift.

Endoscopic techniques are being successfully applied to address eyebrow and forehead ptosis. The methods rely on extensive subperiosteal and subgaleal release of the forehead and scalp flap, allowing the elevation of soft tissues. Ablation of the depressor supercilli and procerus can be performed to address skin folding in the glabellar region. The mobilized frontotemporal flap is then elevated to the desired level and fixated with microscrews to the outer table of the skull. Laterally, the flap is fixed to the deep temporalis fascia. The technique relies upon a solid knowledge of the regional anatomy and the use of specialized instruments now available for dissecting under the flap. The endoscopic forehead lift can achieve results comparable to those obtained by the open coronal forehead lift while minimizing the incidence and extent of postoperative cutaneous anesthesia and telogenic hair loss, which frequently follows open coronal forehead surgery. In addition, the endoscopic technique is able to address eyebrow ptosis in the balding male without causing disfiguring scarring.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Correction of lateral brow ptosis: a nonendoscopic subgaleal approach.

The authors present their experience with a relatively uncomplicated, rapid technique for elevation of the lateral eyebrow and a simultaneous correction of eyelid hooding that is secondary to the descent of the eyebrow. The procedure is designed for all patients requiring lateral brow elevation, either separately or in combination with other procedures. The authors describe and illustrate their technique.

Eyebrows↗
PubMed1997

Current concepts in brow lift surgery.

During the past decade, surgeons have increasingly recognized that brow ptosis is an important contributor to dermatochalasis and ptosis of the upper eyelid. Surgical elevation of the ptotic brow improves eyelid esthetics; conversely, failure to appreciate and to alleviate brow abnormalities frequently compromises the results of upper eyelid surgery. Improved understanding of eyebrow anatomy and of the pathophysiology of the aging face, combined with advances in small-incision surgery, have culminated in a unified approach to correction of the ptotic brow. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, the surgical outcome can deviate from the perceived eyelid-brow ideal. Both the surgical management and objectives of eyebrow surgery continue to evolve.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2004

Angular dermoid cysts in the endoscopic era: retrospective analysis of aesthetic results using the direct, classic method.

The concept of the endoscopic approach was recently introduced for the removal of angular dermoid cysts. Therefore, it was considered necessary to evaluate the conventional direct incisional approach for angular dermoid cyst excision, with respect to long-term aesthetic results and complications. The need to change from the direct excisional technique to the endoscopic approach in hair-bearing areas was investigated. During a 25-year period, 95 children were surgically treated by a single surgeon (H.G.T.) for removal of angular dermoid cysts. Only 22 patients (23 percent) were available for reassessment. The follow-up periods after the excisional procedure were 1 to 12 years. Assessments were performed by a 15-member team of assessors, who scored the aesthetic results of the scars with comparative slides. In addition, a questionnaire was mailed to each family, to document the family members' perceptions of the aesthetic appearance of the scar. Twenty-eight families (29 percent) responded. The complications were determined through the medical records department. For 19 of 22 patients (86 percent), the scar was scored by 85 percent of the assessors as excellent or good. No assessor stated that a scar was unacceptable. In the family questionnaires, 26 of 28 families (93 percent) reported an excellent scar and two (7 percent) reported a fair scar. No family stated that the scar was unacceptable. The operative notes for the 95 patients revealed that only two cysts had ruptured during the surgical procedure (2 percent) and only one infection had occurred (1 percent). No other major complications were reported. It is concluded that the direct method for dermoid cyst excision is an excellent approach, with a low complication rate and a very high aesthetic success rate, when performed through a supra-eyebrow or infra-eyebrow incision.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Thickness of Korean upper eyelid skin at different levels.

This study aims at elucidating the thickness of the Korean upper eyelid at different levels. Left eyelids of 10 (9 males and 1 female) fresh Korean cadavers were dissected. Full thickness upper eyelids were cut and trichrome stained. The thickness was measured under a microscope.The thickness of upper eyelid skin varied at different levels. The thickest part of the upper eyelid is just below the eyebrow (D) (1.127 +/- 238 microm), and the thinnest skin is near the ciliary margin (A) (320 +/- 49 microm). The upper tarsal area (C) and mid tarsal area (B) are 832 +/- 213 and 703 +/- 103 microm, respectively. "A" area was significantly thinner than mid tarsal "B" area (P = 0.000). The skin above the tarsus was thicker than the "B" area, but there was no significant difference (P = 0.081). The skin just below the eyebrow, "D," was thicker than the upper tarsal border, "C" area (P = 0.011). The epidermis accounted for 11.2% of the entire skin near the ciliary margin. However, epidermis presented less (4.2-5.5%) of the whole skin at other levels (P = 0.000). The distance between ciliary margin and the point where the skin turns suddenly thicker was 1.89 +/- 0.23 mm. The size of the tarsal plate was 8.88 +/- 0.81 mm. These data of upper eyelid skin thickness may apply to Asian double fold surgery and also to full thickness skin donation for grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Insertion of frontalis muscle relating to blepharoptosis repair.

The aim of the study is to elucidate the precise anatomy and histologic structure of frontalis muscle relating to blepharoptosis repair. Five Korean adult cadavers were used. The soft tissues of the lower forehead, including muscle and periosteum, were dissected at different sagittal planes and then observed histologically and photographed. Masson's trichrome was used for staining the section specimens. The frontalis muscle passed through and inserted into the bundles of the orbicularis oculi muscle on the superior border of the eyebrow at middle and medial side of the upper eyelid. However, at the lateral side it inserted about 0.5 cm below the superior border of eyebrow. At the medial side of the eyelid, the most distal frontalis muscle was located deep to the procerus muscle and superficial to the corrugator muscle. A knowledge of the distal insertion of the frontalis muscle is referred to the muscle transfer procedure for blepharoptosis repair.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Botulinum toxin A treatment of overactive corrugator supercilii in thyroid eye disease.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Patients with thyroid eye disease with upper eyelid retraction often develop overaction of the accessory muscles of eyelid closure, the glabellar muscles corrugator supercilii and procerus. The resultant glabellar furrowing (frown lines) contributes to the typical thyroid facies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of botulinum toxin A reversible chemodenervation of the glabellar muscles as adjunctive treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with thyroid eye disease. METHODS: 14 patients (13 females) ages 39-76 years (mean 52) with inactive thyroid eye disease and associated medial eyebrow ptosis and prominent glabellar frown lines were recruited. All patients had a history of upper eyelid retraction. Each patient was treated with a single botulinum toxin injection (Dysport 0.2 ml, 40 units) into each corrugator supercilii and sometimes procerus muscles as an outpatient procedure. The effectiveness and acceptability of the treatment was assessed clinically and from a patient questionnaire. RESULTS: The injections were tolerated by 13/14 (93%) patients. There was resultant flattening of the glabellar region and improvement of medial eyebrow contour in all patients, with onset of paralysis within 1 week. All patients reported a subjective improvement in appearance. Side effects included one patient (7%) with reversible partial ptosis. The beneficial effect lasted 4-6 months, with a gradual return of function. Repeat treatment was indicated where there was persistent upper eyelid retraction and protractor overaction. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A chemodenervation of the glabellar muscles in these patients was effective and acceptable. Chemodenervation should be considered in the rehabilitation of patients with thyroid eye disease where there is upper eyelid retraction and overacting protractors resulting in a thyroid frown. Once the eyelid retraction has been successfully treated by surgery, the need for further glabella muscle chemodenervation is considerably reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A case of alopecia universalis without the involvement of scalp hairs.

A case of alopecia universalis in a 45-year-old male was reported. The hair loss initiated on the eyebrows and progressed to the whole body, but the scalp hairs were well preserved. Histopathologic features of eyebrows were compatible findings with alopecia areata. This is a unique case of alopecia universalis without any involvement of scalp hairs.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between muscle activity of the frontalis and the associated brow displacement.

Although the relationship between regional facial muscle activity and resultant displacement of the face is important to the refinement of many of the treatments of facial paralysis and palsy, this relationship has not been adequately explored. We analyzed the relationship between frontalis muscle activity as measured with surface electromyography and the associated eyebrow displacement as measured with the maximal static response assay in 16 human volunteers. We hypothesized that graded, sustained muscle activity would correlate with graded, sustained elevation of the eyebrow. We found that (1) the relationship between the muscle activity and the corresponding displacements was best described by activity versus displacement squared (r2 = 0.993); (2) there was a wide variation between individual brows for the relationship between muscle activity and displacement; (3) there was a normal amount of asymmetry of the relationship between muscle activity and displacement between the two brows of a subject; (4) left and right frontalis generated the same amount of muscle activity, but left brows elevated significantly higher; (5) the method of simultaneous measurement of muscle activity and displacement used in this study yielded results similar to those previously reported; and (6) the methods used in this study are useful to further investigate the relationship between muscle activity and displacement.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Trichotillomania--case report].

This paper presents a case of trichotillomania involving the eyelids and eyebrows. This is a chronic illness that may be difficult to treat. The most common approach consists of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy combination. Trichotillomania, classified in DSM IV as an impulse control disorder is characterized by an irresistible urge to pull hair, accompanied by a build up of tension and subsequent sense of relief. The mean age of onset is 8 years for males and 12 for females. Hair is pulled from a variety of sites, most frequently from the scalp but also eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, armpit and the pubic area.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Eyelid pilomatricomas in young adults: a report of 8 cases.

Pilomatricomas are common benign childhood tumors, which usually occur in the head and neck region. We present 8 patients and review the clinical and histopathologic features of pilomatricoma of the eyelids and eyebrows in young adults. From 1992 to 2000, diagnosis of eyelid pilomatricoma was performed in 8 young adults (13-36 years). The female-male ratio was 3:1. The mean age at presentation was 22 years. Each of our 8 patients had a single tumor, 4 on the upper eyelid and 4 on the eyebrow. Ossification existed in 4 cases. No tumor recurrence has been noted at 3.9 years. Pilomatricomas are uncommon tumors on the eyelid and brow region of young adults. These lesions are frequently misdiagnosed when evaluation is based on clinical evidence alone: only 4 of our cases were correctly diagnosed prior to excisional biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The removal of folds and wrinkles in the glabella area].

Analysis of late results of operations performed in 160 patients to remove excessive skin and wrinkles on the forehead showed that good results were attained in only 40% cases. This was because surgical interventions to remove skin excess on the forehead and to repair the eyebrows in ptosis did not include resection of the muscles which created folds in the glabella. Resection of the muscles moving the eyebrows together helped appreciably improve the remote results of surgery.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1988

Pseudoretraction of the eyelid in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Two patients with previously stable thyroid-associated orbitopathy presented with the fairly sudden onset of apparent upper eyelid retraction in their nondominant eye, accompanied by asymmetry of the eyebrows, with elevation on the side without the eyelid retraction. No other signs of worsening of the orbitopathy were present, and instillation of 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride in the contralateral, dominant eye relieved the eyelid retraction and normalized the eyebrow position. At surgery, both patients were found to have levator aponeurogenic ptosis in the eyelid that appeared to be "normal." This occurrence is explained by Hering's law and should be considered in planning surgery to reestablish palpebral fissure symmetry in such patients.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed2001

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and p53 codon 72 polymorphism: a need for screening?

The association between human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and codon 72 polymorphism in the p53 gene is not unequivocal. Especially, it is not known whether carriers of the arginine form have an increased risk of cancer that necessitates screening. The alternative is that the polymorphism is a tumor marker instead of a risk factor. We set out a case-control study to determine the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in individuals with the p53 codon 72 arginine genotype in order to establish the possible need for screening. The distribution of the different p53 codon 72 genotypes was examined in 86 subjects with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and in 168 controls. Additionally, 121 subjects who had had histologically proven basal cell carcinoma and 108 subjects who had had non-familial malignant melanoma were tested. p53 polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using DNA samples from peripheral blood lymphocytes. In a subgroup of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and controls, the presence of epidermodyplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus (EV-HPV) DNA was determined in plucked eyebrow hair. Differences in the distributions of the genotypes among cases and controls were calculated, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the risk to develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the presence of the p53 codon 72 arginine genotype. Frequency distributions of the three different genotypes (homozygous for the arginine allele, heterozygous for the two alleles, and homozygous for the proline allele) were similar among the squamous cell carcinoma group and the control group: 47.1%, 46.0% and 6.9% versus 47.8%, 45.8% and 6.4%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between these groups. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma and controls who harbored EV-HPV DNA in their plucked eyebrow hair, similar results were obtained. The distributions of the p53 codon 72 genotypes in the basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma group were also not significantly different from the control group. p53 codon 72 arginine homozygosity does not appear to represent a significant risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and screening seems not to be indicated. Mol. Carcinog. 30:56-61, 2001.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Subtle trisomy 12q24.3 and subtle monosomy 22q13.3: three new cases and review.

The high resolution G-bands (850 bands) karyotype have made it possible to identify small chromosome anomalies (5 megabases) which are now microscopically visible. New techniques have been improved, such as the Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with subtelomeric probes, which can be employed to detect cryptic chromosome alterations not visible microscopically. We present three cases which had been remitted for a high resolution karyotype. The high resolution G-band karyotype and the FISH techniques led us to conclude that the three cases were carriers of a similar subtle chromosomal alteration. Case I is a new born female with developmental and psychomotor delay, hypotonia, and long limbs with arachnodactily. A high resolution G-band karyotype showed an abnormal chromosome 22. FISH techniques confirmed a der(22)t(12;22)(q24.31;q13.3). Case II is a 12-year-old girl, with growth retardation, long shaped face with thick eyebrows, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip with severe mental retardation (still no language), with a phenotype very similar to that of his sister: long shaped face, thick eyebrows, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip. A high resolution G-band karyotype also showed in Case II and III an abnormal chromosome 22, studied by FISH techniques which confirmed a der(22)t(12;22)(q24.3;q13.3) in both cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

A girl with inverted triplication of chromosome 3q25.3 --> q29 and multiple congenital anomalies consistent with 3q duplication syndrome.

We report a newborn girl with intrachromosomal triplication of 3q25.3 --> q29 (mosaicism) who died at the age of 3.5 weeks due to her malformations. She demonstrated disproportionate short stature with short limbs, a prominent and hairy forehead, thick eyebrows, synophrys, small upturned nose, full cheeks, micrognathia, and low set malformed and posteriorly rotated ears, short and webbed neck, hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation, spina bifida, complex heart defect (ventricular and atrial septal defect, malrotation, and interrupted aortic arch), omphalocele, polycystic kidneys, postaxial polydactyly of left hand, and generalized hirsutism; all signs have been associated with the dup(3q) syndrome previously. The facial appearance (hairy forehead, thick eyebrows, synophrys, small upturned nose, full cheeks, micrognathia, low set malformed and posteriorly rotated ears) showed resemblance to the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS), but the patient did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for BDLS. There has been only one report of a direct triplication of chromosome 3 until now, but in our case the triplicated area is larger, located more proximally, and includes the hypothetical BDLS critical gene region-CDL1. Our findings lend support to distal chromosome 3q, or chromosome 3q26.3, comprises the critical area for the dup(3q) phenotype resembling the BDLS.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Clinical variability in a Noonan syndrome family with a new PTPN11 gene mutation.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising short stature, facial dysmorphism, short and/or webbed neck, heart defects, and cryptorchidism in males. The gene responsible for the disorder (PTPN11) was recently identified, and explains 30-50% of the cases clinically diagnosed as NS. Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a similar but distinct entity, is characterized by relative macrocephaly, characteristic facial appearance, ectodermal abnormalities (sparse and friable hair, sparse eyebrows, hyperkeratotic skin), congenital heart defects, and growth and mental retardation. We describe on a young woman who presents clinical features of NS (short stature, triangular facies, with downslanting palpebral fissures and apparent hypertelorism, webbed neck, pulmonary stenosis, bleeding diathesis, prominent corneal nerves), but with a more prominent ectodermal involvement (sparse and very coarse hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes) and developmental delay/mental retardation, which are characteristic of CFC patients. Sequencing of the PTPN11 gene showed a T411M substitution, not previously described in patients with NS. The same mutation was found in her mother and older sister, not initially considered to be affected by NS, but with very subtle clinical findings compatible with this diagnosis. Molecular dynamic studies indicate that this new mutation, similar to other previously described mutations, favors a more active protein conformation. However, the main disruptive effect is not directly in the catalytic domain, suggesting that the location of this mutation could make the protein more susceptible to gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. Atypical cases of NS should be screened for mutations in the PTPN11 gene and in the case of a positive result, first-degree relatives should also be tested for the specific mutation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗