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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

An uncommon presentation of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a case report.

A 14-year-old girl with an unusual extramedullary presentation of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is described. She presented with involvement of both lacrimal glands, parotid and submandibular salivary glands, and both breasts. Biopsy of the submandibular salivary gland, breasts, and bone marrow was suggestive of acute monocytic leukemia. She was alive for 5 months with supportive treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

AIDS-associated intraocular lymphoma causing primary retinal vasculitis.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing association between ocular-central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this population, the disease generally occurs in a younger age group. The origin of these B-cell neoplasms remains unknown. METHOD: Case study of a 26-year-old AIDS patient with an incidental finding of localized retinal vasculitis and local vitritis. Disease progression and the failure of antiviral therapy led to early diagnostic vitrectomy with vitreal and retinal biopsy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation, head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain biopsy were performed. RESULTS: The diagnosis of ocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma was made by vitreous cytology. Serial sectioning of a retinal biopsy showed no retinal neoplastic infiltration, only perivascular inflammatory cells. CSF was normal. MRI showed multicentric brain mass lesions that enhanced with intravenous contrast. Brain biopsy revealed an immunoblastic, angiocentric, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient died within two months, despite cerebral and ocular irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: The segmentally localized retinal vasculitis-vitritis and absence of retinal infiltration suggested early primary involvement of the vitreous. Coarse perivascular sheathing is characteristic of the mixed retinal vasculitis in this disease. The diagnosis of ocular-CNS lymphoma must be considered in patients with AIDS, however young, with unexplained posterior segment inflammatory disease or subretinal masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Knowledge of sunlight effects on the eyes and protective behaviors in the general community.

The knowledge of sunlight effects on the eyes and protective behaviors was assessed in the general community of Brisbane, Australia. Five hundred people were systematically sampled and surveyed via a telephone questionnaire. Of the participants, 279 (56%) were female and 258 (52%) were aged 40 years or less. Levels of knowledge were found to be lower in the older subjects, those with dark complexions and outdoor workers. Most were unaware of specific ultraviolet light related eye diseases such as cataract, pterygium and eye cancer. Three hundred and ninety (78%) wore sunglasses > 10% of the time while outdoors during the day; the most common reasons for wearing included protection from glare in 254 (65%) and driving in 60 (15%). Ninety-six (19%) never wore sunglasses, the most common reasons being inconvenience in 16 (17%), thought unnecessary in 16 (17%) and uncomfortable in 13 (14%). Promotion of sun protection to prevent ultraviolet light related diseases should include information on the eye. This information is important for establishing preventative behaviors and the selection of optimal eye protective measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemistry of retinoblastoma. A review.

Various studies which relate to the immunohistochemical identification of neuronal, glial, carbohydrate and nucleic acid associated antigens in retinoblastoma will be reviewed. The majority of these studies appear to support the concept that retinoblastomas arise, in situ, from neuron committed cells and in some cases specifically into photoreceptor-like cells. In selected cases, however, glial cell differentiation may be a feature of the tumor. In addition, the molecular biology of the retinoblastoma gene and the immunohistochemical characterization of its gene product will be discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Retinoblastoma cell lines Y79, RB355 and WERI-Rb27 are genetically related.

Genesis of the childhood ocular tumor retinoblastoma results from the mutational inactivation of a single gene, RB, located on chromosome 13. Cultured cells or cell lines derived from retinoblastomas have been extensively studied for insight into mutational mechanisms of RB inactivation, functional properties of wild-type RB alleles, and pathways of retinal differentiation. Three such cell lines (Y79, RB355 and WERI-Rb27) were previously shown to have similar, heterozygous rearrangements of their RB genes, suggesting a common mutational mechanism affecting a specific region of the gene. This proposal was based on the premise that all three mutations occurred independently. By using molecular analyses of human genetic polymorphisms, we now show that these three cell lines are in fact genetically related, despite their different origins, morphologies, growth characteristics, and karyotypes. Interpretation of these and other published data suggest that both RB355 and WERI-Rb27 are probably sublines of Y79.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1993

Non-conventional ultrasonography (power spectrum analysis) in the management of retinoblastoma.

The differential diagnosis among the diseases that may simulate retinoblastoma is supported by several techniques; however, none of them can give an undeniable answer. In the authors' opinion the tissue characterization by power spectrum analysis of the radiofrequency ultrasound data may play an important role in the backscattered signal spectrum while being sensitive to the spectral shift trend. In order to evaluate the patterns of regression of quiescence of retinoblastoma foci after conservative treatment the authors try to create a model of tissue characterization that provides information not available in conventional A & B scan ultrasonography about cell type, vascularization and necrosis.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic factors associated with loss of heterozygosity at the RB1 locus in retinoblastoma.

The nature of the tumorigenic mutation was analyzed in 30 retinoblastoma (Rb) tumors (16 non-hereditary and 14 hereditary) and categorized into loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or retention of heterozygosity (non-LOH) at the RB1 locus. These genotypic characteristics were compared with the clinicopathological phenotype for possible correlation. The overall frequency of LOH was roughly 55%, in both hereditary and non-hereditary Rb. The presence of LOH was preferentially associated with differentiated tumors and absence of choroidal invasion. LOH was found in 82% of females versus 33% of males. Finally, LOH-initiated tumors were associated with a significantly younger age at diagnosis in hereditary Rb. In conclusion, the preferential association of LOH with absence of choroidal invasion, tumoral differentiation, and younger age at diagnosis may establish LOH as a prognostic marker in Rb patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2006

Ocular manifestations and treatment of central nervous system lymphomas.

Intraocular primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), also called primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), is a subset of PCNSL in which lymphoma cells invade the subretinal pigment epithelial space and vitreous cavity with or without central nervous system involvement at the time of ocular diagnosis. The frequency of this rare condition has increased over the past years in immunosuppressed as well as immunocompetent patients. The authors review the current status of PIOL and elaborate on their group's experience with its diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of PIOL is increasing. There is evidence that chronic antigenic stimulation may result in the development of PIOL. Recent advancements in the diagnosis of PIOL include better handling of vitreous specimens for cytological studies, immunocytological investigation for lymphoid cells, flow cytometry, cytokine evaluation, and molecular analysis. Because PIOL has a nonspecific presentation, the differential diagnosis should include infectious and noninfectious causes presenting with vitreitis and/or subepithelial infiltration as well as paraneoplastic syndromes including CRMP-5 optic neuropathies. Given that therapy is long-term and has significant systemic and ocular complications, tissue diagnosis is important. Treatment of PIOL may include systemic chemotherapy in which high-dose methotrexate-based regimens are used as well as intraocular injections of methotrexate and rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody). Cranial and ocular external-beam radiotherapy is being used less often today. Further studies are needed to prevent the tumor formation in terms of eliminating antigenic load and inhibiting Bcell chemokines as well as to determine the optimal local and systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy options in the management of PIOL.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Trilateral retinoblastoma: ocular and pineal retinoblastomas.

Trilateral retinoblastomas, the syndrome of bilateral retinoblastoma associated with ectopic retinoblastoma in the pineal gland, is rare but well recognized. In contrast to bilateral retinoblastomas alone, the ocular retinoblastomas in trilateral retinoblastoma develop before the age of 6 months, and a family history positive for retinoblastoma is usually obtained. The retinal tumors are often quiescent at the time that the pineal tumor is discovered, and show no evidence of metastatic spread after enucleation of the globes. Pathologically, the pineal tumor is indistinguishable from the ocular retinoblastoma. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is not well understood, but a germinal mutation is thought to target photoreceptor tissue for further postzygotic mutation. Eventual expression depends on the inherited host resistance to the carcinogenic manifestation of these genes. The low host resistance of trilateral retinoblastoma is evident by the early age of presentation, the multicentric occurrence of the tumor, and the high early mortality rate despite aggressive management.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Primary ocular lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Primary ocular lymphoma involves the globe in the absence of any systemic or central nervous system lymphoma. Diagnosis is frequently delayed and often made only after the tumor has progressed to the brain and meninges. Clinical features, cues in ancillary tests, and immunologic and molecular advances that support the diagnosis are reviewed. The current treatment options are discussed. Although advances have been made, the optimal treatment for primary ocular lymphoma remains to be identified

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new approach to ocular moisture chambers.

A new approach is presented to the problem of moisture chamber spectacles for the treatment of the dry eye. This moisture chamber relies on soft polyurethane sidewalls, form fitting and flanged to avoid pressure at right angles to the skin surface. The result is a comfortable moisture chamber which has been used successfully by an eight-year-old patient for nine months. This has allowed the child to return to school with best visual acuity (aphakic) without a single recurrence of corneal erosion.

Body Water↗