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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Micronodular basal cell carcinoma. A deceptive histologic subtype with frequent clinically undetected tumor extension.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Micronodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is thought to have a greater potential for clinically surreptitious tumor spread compared with the majority of BCCs that are nodular. However, most supporting data are anecdotal. This study gives objective evidence that micronodular BCCs have wider and deeper tumor extensions than nodular BCCs of similar clinical size. In this retrospective study, 69 cases of micronodular BCC excised by Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) were matched to a control group of 69 cases of nodular BCC that were similarly excised. They were paired by site, size, number of recurrences, age, gender, and previous treatment type. The cases were selected and paired by computer from 1070 consecutive BCCs (primary and recurrent) referred for MMS over a 4-year period. The MMS technique allowed us to quantitate and compare the extent of tumor spread using three measurements: the number of surgical stages required for complete removal of the tumor, the width of tissue required to remove subclinical extension of tumor, and the depth of defect at completion of MMS. RESULTS: Analysis showed the micronodular BCC to have significantly more covert tumor extension, making it more difficult to detect and to eradicate than the nodular BCC. The number of surgical stages required for complete removal of tumor, the width of tissue required to remove subclinical extension of tumor, and the depth of defect at completion of MMS were all greater with micronodular BCCs when compared with nodular BCCs regardless of whether cases were primary or recurrent. These differences were all statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Micronodular BCCs can be significantly more destructive than nodular BCCs because tumor extension is difficult to detect clinically. When treating micronodular BCC, clinicians should keep in mind its potential for clandestine invasion.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The detection of malingering and deception with a short form of the MMPI-2 based on the L, F, and K scales.

This project examined the use of a short inventory based on the validity subscales from the MMPI-2. In Study 1, 69 subjects responded to the extracted L, F, and K items and to those items when embedded in the complete MMPI-2. Correlations between administrations were equivalent to the original test-retest reliabilities for these scales. In Study 2, 60 subjects responded to the short-form with instructions to be honest, fake good, or fake bad. The correct classification rate was 77% using the standard MMPI-2 rules of L greater than 7OT for faking good and F greater than 7OT for faking bad. Taken together, these findings suggest that the short-form may be useful alone or when combined with other questionnaires to identify potential problems in self-report.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sexual swellings in female hamadryas baboons after male take-overs: "deceptive" swellings as a possible female counter-strategy against infanticide.

In many primate species, male intanticide is assumed to pose a serious risk for infants, and therefore female counter-strategies are expected. These counter-strategies may include changes in the females' reproductive behavior and physiology, e.g., mating with multiple males and prolonged receptivity. Since the risk of infanticide is particularly high when a new male enters the group or when a male rises in rank, we studied the changes in female reproductive conditions, e.g., post-partum amenorrhea and interbirth intervals, following group take-overs by new males in a captive group of hamadryas baboons (Papio h. hamadryas). Following take-overs, five out of six lactating females immediately developed sexual swellings, thus shortening their post-partum amenorrhea. However, none of these females conceived during the first cycles after the take-over, their reproduction was not accelerated, and four out of five dependent infants survived. Thus, interbirth intervals did not decrease compared to times with no group take-overs. We therefore suggest that these situation-dependent swellings are used by female hamadryas baboons as a counter-strategy to reduce the risk of infanticide, which exists in this species after male take-overs. By offering new males mating opportunities without allowing them to reproduce, females may increase their infants' probability of survival and at the same time avoid the costs of being pregnant and lactating simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A deceptive case of amyloid myopathy: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features.

Amyloid myopathy is a well-described, increasingly recognized clinical entity. Similar to inflammatory myopathies, amyloid myopathy presents with proximal muscle weakness and can be associated with elevated levels of muscle enzymes. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman who, at presentation to her physician with proximal muscle weakness and congestive heart failure, was antinuclear antibody positive and had muscle biopsy findings "consistent with inflammatory myopathy." She was referred to Johns Hopkins University Medical Center with the diagnosis of polymyositis. Further investigation revealed a monoclonal gammopathy, a unique patterning of subcutaneous fat reticulation and hypodense bone marrow changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an endocardial biopsy sample that was positive for light chain amyloid deposition. Paraffin sections of the muscle biopsy sample from the time of her original presentation were obtained, and Congo red staining showed diffuse amyloid deposition throughout the sample, but no inflammation. This case not only illustrates that proximal muscle weakness due to primary amyloid myopathy (as found in light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis) can mimic that of polymyositis, but also shows that unique findings on MRI can alert the clinician to the diagnosis of amyloidosis prior to muscle biopsy.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed2006

A new "Logicle" display method avoids deceptive effects of logarithmic scaling for low signals and compensated data.

BACKGROUND: In immunofluorescence measurements and most other flow cytometry applications, fluorescence signals of interest can range down to essentially zero. After fluorescence compensation, some cell populations will have low means and include events with negative data values. Logarithmic presentation has been very useful in providing informative displays of wide-ranging flow cytometry data, but it fails to adequately display cell populations with low means and high variances and, in particular, offers no way to include negative data values. This has led to a great deal of difficulty in interpreting and understanding flow cytometry data, has often resulted in incorrect delineation of cell populations, and has led many people to question the correctness of compensation computations that were, in fact, correct. RESULTS: We identified a set of criteria for creating data visualization methods that accommodate the scaling difficulties presented by flow cytometry data. On the basis of these, we developed a new data visualization method that provides important advantages over linear or logarithmic scaling for display of flow cytometry data, a scaling we refer to as "Logicle" scaling. Logicle functions represent a particular generalization of the hyperbolic sine function with one more adjustable parameter than linear or logarithmic functions. Finally, we developed methods for objectively and automatically selecting an appropriate value for this parameter. CONCLUSIONS: The Logicle display method provides more complete, appropriate, and readily interpretable representations of data that includes populations with low-to-zero means, including distributions resulting from fluorescence compensation procedures, than can be produced using either logarithmic or linear displays. The method includes a specific algorithm for evaluating actual data distributions and deriving parameters of the Logicle scaling function appropriate for optimal display of that data. It is critical to note that Logicle visualization does not change the data values or the descriptive statistics computed from them.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Courtship role reversal and deceptive signals in the long-tailed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda.

We examined the function of secondary sexual characters in the role-reversed, lekking behaviour of female long-tailed dance flies, Rhamphomyia longicauda Loew (Empididae), to test the hypothesis that the degree of abdominal distention is an honest female signal about the state of egg development. Female Rhamphomyia cannot hunt for prey and they receive all of their protein from males by exchanging copulations for nuptial prey gifts. Females compete for male gifts within leks that are organized for a brief period each evening before dark. Before hovering within leks, females swallow air, inflating expandable pouches on the pleural margins of the abdomen. The result is a large saucer-like abdomen which is further exaggerated by wrapping scaled pro-, meso- and metathoracic legs along its pleural margins. Male preference for an enlarged abdomen was confirmed by suspending plastic models of varying size from monofilament lines and recording which models attracted the most males. There was a positive relationship between egg development and abdominal distention in a related species, R. sociabilis (Williston), which lacks inflatable abdominal pouches. Multiple regression showed that in R. longicauda, abdominal inflation completely masks the state of egg development. We conclude that female R. longicauda deceive mate-seeking males with the unreliable message that eggs are nearing maturation in order to obtain a protein meal in exchange for copulation. Males that fail to identify a female bearing mature eggs risk near-certain cuckoldry and an increased probability that the female will die before oviposition. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Phentolamine, a deceptive tool to investigate sympathetic nervous control of insulin release.

We investigated the effects of phentolamine and another more selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine, on insulin release in vivo (in female Wistar-rats) and in vitro (in perfused rat pancreas and in isolated perifused mouse islets). Phentolamine was found to significantly increase glucose-induced insulin release. On the other hand, rauwolscine failed to do so, when applied in a concentration that effectively antagonized the inhibitory effect of clonidine. These results demonstrate that phentolamine is capable of directly stimulating insulin release. This effect is thus not mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors. For this reason phentolamine is not an appropriate tool to study possible inhibitory effects of the sympathetic nervous system on insulin release. An enhanced insulin response as may be observed in animals and in man in the presence of phentolamine does not furnish evidence for a tonic inhibitory control of the islet cells by the sympathetic nervous system.

Animals↗