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PubMedDate not supplied

Costume drama.

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Clothing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High Seas, high drama.

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Emergency Nursing↗
PubMed1997

Hospital drama.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Direct bonding in diastema closure--high drama, immediate resolution.

Aesthetic rehabilitation in complex diastema closure cases is guided by the principles of proportion. The width to length ratio of the centrals must be pleasing. Achievement of this proper balance dictates treatment. It determines the following: 1) the amount of distal proximal reduction; 2) the decision to completely veneer the incisors vs. just adding to the interproximal; 3) the number of teeth to be treated; 4) the placement and location of naturally occurring prominences and concavities to create the illusion of a narrower tooth. The proper accommodation of these four topics will permit the maintenance or restoration of acceptable dimensions in the centrals. If they are made to appear harmonious then the principle of "golden proportion" (1.6:1:0.6) can be achieved among the centrals, laterals and cuspids. Direct bonding in diastema closure cases allow the dentist and the patient complete control in the formation of that smile. This treatment modality is challenging and ultimately rewarding for the patient and the dentist. At times it enables us to restore form and function and to make our patients whole again not just figuratively but literally.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

'Follow the Fish': involving young people in primary care in Midlothian.

OBJECTIVES: The project aims were to enable young people to contribute their views about health services, to encourage professionals and policy makers to listen to the young people and to stimulate action to address the issues raised. DESIGN: Peer interviews were undertaken by a team of five young people to identify the experience and views of young people of various ages about health services. Drama workshop sessions were conducted with 10-15 young people, encompassing initial issue-identifying activities and group discussion about their own experience of, and views about health services, followed by role-play and improvisation to construct drama scenarios about the issues gathered from the interviews and discussions. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty young people aged 12-16 years from the Mayfield and Gorebridge areas of Midlothian were recruited from Newbattle Community High school. The project was conducted as a voluntary after-school activity for 12 weeks. RESULTS: A drama was constructed from research conducted by young people into the experiences and views of their peer group about health services. A cast of young people performed the drama to an invited audience of 30 health and education professionals and held a post-performance question and answer session with the audience to explore the issues raised. The drama engendered a number of practical outcomes related to improving the usage and experience of health services of young people. CONCLUSIONS: Drama can offer a means to encourage participation, facilitate participants' self-expression and explore health/health service themes and issues. In conjunction with conventional techniques such as interviews and group discussions, a drama project can also be used to communicate the experience, views and needs of the wider client group to service providers and planners. Such initiatives can generate outcomes to improve service users' experience of health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and propofol suppress recall of emotionally charged information.

Whether anesthetized patients register emotionally charged information remains controversial. We tested this possibility using subanesthetic concentrations of propofol or desflurane. Twenty-two volunteers (selected for hypnosis susceptibility) received propofol and desflurane (on separate occasions, and in a random order) at a concentration 1.5-2 times each individual's minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)-awake (or equivalent for propofol). We gave vecuronium, intubated the trachea of each volunteer, controlled ventilation, and then presented a neutral (control) drama or a "crisis" drama stating that the oxygen delivery system had failed, assigning crisis and control dramas in a blinded, randomized, and balanced manner. One day later, interviewers blinded to the assigned drama conducted a 2-h structured interview (including hypnosis) to determine whether the contents of the interviews after crisis and control dramas differed. In addition, messages permitting subsequent assessment of learning of matter-of-fact information (Trivial Pursuit-type question task and a behavior task) were presented at the anesthetic concentration just sufficient to prevent response to command in each volunteer. No analyses of the tasks involving matter-of-fact information revealed learning except one which correlated hypnosis susceptibility with behavior task performance. Both propofol and desflurane suppressed memory of the crisis. Consistent with previous findings for isoflurane and nitrous oxide, propofol and desflurane suppressed learning of matter-of-fact information at concentrations just above MAC-awake, except that volunteers' susceptibility to hypnosis correlated with performance of a behavior suggested during anesthesia. Propofol and desflurane suppressed learning of emotionally charged information at anesthetic concentrations 1.5-2 times MAC-awake (less than MAC), a different result from that previously reported for ether.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Subset-dependent relaxation in block-iterative algorithms for image reconstruction in emission tomography.

This paper presents a row-action maximum likelihood algorithm (RAMLA), in which the relaxation parameter is controlled in such a way that the noise propagation from projection data to the reconstructed image is substantially independent of the access order of the input data (subsets) in each cycle of the sub-iterations. The 'subset-dependent' relaxation parameter lambda(k) (q) is expressed as lambda(k)(q) = beta0/(beta0 + q + gamma k M), where M is the number of angular views, q (0 < or = q < or = M - 1) is the access order of the angular view, k is the iteration number and beta0 and gamma are constants. The constant beta0 deals with the balance of the noise propagation and the constant gamma controls the convergence of iterations. The value of beta0 is determined from the geometrical correlation coefficients among lines of coincidence response. The proposed RAMLA using the subset-dependent (dynamic) relaxation 'dynamic RAMLA (DRAMA)' provides a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio with a satisfactory spatial resolution by a few iterations in the two-dimensional image reconstruction for PET. Dynamic OS-EM (DOSEM) has also been developed, which allows the use of a larger number of subsets (OS level) Msub without loss of signal-to-noise ratio as compared to the conventional OS-EM. DRAMA is a special case of DOSEM, where Msub = M, and it is no more profitable to use DOSEM with a smaller Msub (< M), because DRAMA provides similar performance with the fastest convergence and smallest computer burden. This paper describes the theory, algorithm and the results of the simulation studies on the performance of DRAMA and DOSEM.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Media interventions to increase cervical screening uptake in South Africa: an evaluation study of effectiveness.

Successful cervical cancer prevention depends on reaching, screening and treating women with pre-invasive disease. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two media interventions-a photo-comic and a radio-drama-in increasing cervical screening uptake. A randomized controlled trial compared a photo-comic on cervical cancer screening with a placebo comic. One month after the comics were distributed a radio-drama paralleling the photo-comic was broadcast on the community radio station and a retrospective evaluation was carried out. The trial was set in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban squatter community near Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample consisted of 658 women between the ages of 35 and 65 years, from a stratified sample of census areas. The main outcome measure was self-reported cervical screening uptake 6 months after distribution of the comics. Seven percent (18 of 269) of women who received the intervention photo-comic reported cervical screening during the 6 months follow-up, compared with 6% (25 of 389) of controls (P = 0.89). Women who recalled hearing the radio-drama were more likely to report attending screening (nine of 53, 17%) than those who did not (19 of 429, 4%; P < 0.001). We conclude that the photo-comic was ineffective in increasing cervical screening uptake in this population. The radio-drama may have had more impact, but only a minority of women recalled being exposed to it. Future research must concentrate not only on achieving high level of exposure to health messages, but also on investigating the links between exposure and action.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The impact of television fiction on public expectations of survival following inhospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by medical professionals.

RATIONALE: Research has shown that the public overestimates the survival chances of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Other studies have suggested that demonstrably exaggerated survival rates in medical television fiction might affect these estimates. Such studies were mostly conducted in the United States, dealt with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general, and asked respondents to indicate their source of medical information, an unreliable survey technique. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether public perceptions of survival after inhospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by physicians and nurses is related to the consumption of medical drama, without relying on respondents' self-reports of what influences them. To examine whether training in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques mediates this relationship. METHODS: A random sample of 820 third and fifth year secondary school students completed a questionnaire in which they indicated their consumption of medical television fiction, their practical knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, and their estimates of the survival rate after inhospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. RESULTS: A relationship was found between the consumption of medical television drama and higher estimates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation survival. Practical knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation also resulted in increased estimated survival rates. An interaction effect of drama and practical knowledge was found. Respondents with practical knowledge were less affected by television. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of medical television drama is related to overestimating survival chances after inhospital resuscitation by physicians and nurses following cardiopulmonary arrest. A practical knowledge of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques moderates but does not eliminate the television effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Perceptions of television violence: effects of programme genre and type of violence on viewers' judgements of violent portrayals.

This paper reports two studies which examined the mediating effects of programme genre and physical form of violence on viewers' perceptions of violent TV portrayals. In Expt 1, a panel of British viewers saw portrayals from five programme genres: British crime-drama series, US crime-drama series, westerns, science-fiction series and cartoons which feature either fights or shootings. In Expt. 2, the same viewers rated portrayals from British crime-drama and westerns which featured four types of violence, fist-fights, shootings, stabbings and explosions. All scenes were rated along eight unipolar scales. Panel members also completed four subscales of a personal hostility inventory. Results showed that both fictional setting and physical form had significant effects on viewers' perceptions of televised violence. British crime-drama portrayals, and portrayals that featured shootings and stabbings, were rated as most violent and disturbing. Also, there were strong differences between viewers with different self-reported propensities towards either verbal or physical aggression. More physically aggressive individuals tended to perceive physical unarmed violence as less violent than did more verbally aggressive types.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[When night infringes on the day.].

In this article I describe the theoretical bases and the elements of my professional experience which led me to develop an approach which aims at helping the terminally-ill to attain their ultimate development. My central hypothesis is that patients experience, during the terminal phase, the repercussions of the existential drama which become visible while beforehand they had been concealed behind the character armour. This drama consists in the acceptance or the refusal of the fact of having and of being a decomposable mortal body. In the first section, I refer to the work of Gesell in which I derived a conception of human development based on the observation of children. I focus particularly on the pre-puberty period (from 7 to 9 years), a period in which the existential drama surfaces and in which the bulwarks against anxiety are constructed. I also show how parents can, through contact with their children, re-live through them, certain periods of their own development. In the second part, I employ certain notions developed in the theoretical framework by applying them to the situation of the terminally-ill. The latter re-live, mostly in the form of nightmares, the existential drama of the pre-puberty period. The rode of helping agents is to have them share theses nightmares with others, ans thus to prevent terror from becoming omnipresent and to help them to realize their ultimate development. However, just as parents with their children, the helping agents terminally-ill, and in particular their own mourning. They ought then to understand well their own existential predicament.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1980

The ancient Greek tragedy as a means of psychotherapy for mental patients.

Some ancient and modern views of the beneficial effects of ancient Greek drama on the psychic processes of human beings are reported. We have used classical drama at the Dromokaition Mental Hospital as a means of psychotherapy for chronic patients since 1959. Beneficial effects noted both during the process of teaching and in performance are here described in brief. Aristotle's view that 'manics' can successfully empathize with tragic heroes and benefit from the sentiments of relief and pleasure which they derive from the events in the tragedy are explored, and the patients' own words are quoted in support of this theory. We claim that ancient drama is not merely a recreational activity for mental patients: on the contrary a unique psychotherapeutic effect is produced by the power of plot and language.

Catharsis↗