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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of stool size and consistency on defecation.

The ability of subjects to expel from the rectum objects simulating stools of different characteristics was assessed in paired studies carried out in a total of 58 normal subjects and 25 young women with severe constipation. Our results showed that a lower percentage of normal subjects and a lower percentage of constipated patients were able to pass a 1.8 cm incompressible sphere compared with a 50 ml deformable balloon, although constipated patients found it more difficult than normal subjects to expel both types of simulated stool. It was also more difficult for normal subjects to pass a soft compressible silicon rubber simulated stool than a stool made up of a similar volume of incompressible 1 cm wooden spheres contained in a cylindrical latex envelope, but both objects were much easier to pass than the same number of 1 cm spheres placed loose within the rectum. When normal subjects were instructed to expel single incompressible spheres of different sizes placed in the rectal ampulla, the intrarectal pressure and the time needed to pass these objects varied inversely with their diameter. These results suggest that more effort is required to expel stools from the rectum if they are small and hard than if they are large and soft.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. The involuntary action of the external anal sphincter: histologic study.

The histologic changes in the external anal sphincter after internal anal sphincter excision were studied in 20 dogs. An external sphincter biopsy was taken before internal sphincterectomy and 2 weeks and monthly thereafter for 10 months. The excised material was studied microscopically after being stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff-van Gieson and succinic dehydrogenase. 70% of external sphincter specimens before internal sphincter excision showed smooth muscle fibers scattered between the striated fibers. These smooth fibers could be responsible for the resting tone of the external sphincter. After internal sphincter excision, characteristic histologic changes could be identified in the external sphincter. From the 2nd week to the 5th month after excision, the external sphincter showed degenerative and hypertrophic changes. From the 6th to the 10th month, there were regeneration of the striated muscle fibers and increase in the number of smooth fibers so that by the 10th month a 'compound' muscle of striated and smooth fibers was identified. Two theories were put forward to explain the smooth fiber preponderance in the external sphincter after internal sphincter excision: mutant and replacement theories. The increased nonstriated element in the external sphincter seems to be a structural-functional adaptation so that the external sphincter takes on the involuntary function of the excised muscle.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Mechanism for the increased defecation and jejunum mucosal protein content in rats by feeding germinated barley foodstuff.

We investigated the effects of germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) on the fecal excretion and jejunum mucosal protein content in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed on various diets with the same protein and dietary fiber levels. Under these experimental conditions, GBF was confirmed to induce greater fecal output compared with commercial water-soluble or -insoluble dietary fibers. While the dietary fiber extracted from GBF increased the fecal output and mucosal protein content, the protein fraction of GBF degraded to the peptide form did not increase the fecal output or mucosal protein content. Increased mucosal protein and fecal output were thus found to require the presence of the dietary fiber fraction or possibly the protein fraction bound tightly to the dietary fiber of GBF. GBF feeding increased the volatile fatty acids concentration in the cecum, indicating that GBF may be efficiently fermented in the intestinal tract.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

[Physiology of fecal continence and defecation].

Defaecation is a complex function that requires interactions between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Moreover, social living standards lead to self-control of continence involving supraspinal nervous structures. After a brief description of the anatomy of the hind gut, the various reflex mechanisms underlying faecal continence and defaecation are exposed; the specificities of the nervous control of the smooth and striated muscles brought into play in these events are detailed. Then the main useful investigations allowing to localize the nervous structures at the origin of the anorectal disorders are reviewed.

Anal Canal↗