Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cefaclor”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of BMY-28100 for bacterial pneumonia in comparison with cefaclor in a double-blind study].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of BMY-28100 for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia were compared with those of cefaclor (hereinafter referred to as CCL) in a double-blind study. The daily dosages were 750 mg for BMY-28100 and 1,500 mg for CCL, divided into 3 administrations daily. These drugs were administered orally for at least 14 days. A total of 172 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, cases which deviated from the protocols were excluded from evaluations. Thus, clinical efficacy was evaluated in 124 cases, adverse reactions were evaluated in 160 cases, and abnormal laboratory test values were evaluated in 146 cases. The following results were obtained. 1. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) in bacterial pneumonia cases as evaluated by the subcommittee were 81.7% (49/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 89.1% (41/46) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. 2. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses), as evaluated by investigators, in the same bacterial pneumonia cases which were subjected to the evaluation by the subcommittee were 83.3% (50/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 88.9% (40/45) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference between the 2 groups was found also. 3. Bacteriological response rates in bacterial pneumonia cases were 86.2% (25/29) in the BMY-28100 group and 85.7% (18/21) in the CCL group with no significant difference between the 2 groups. 4. Incidences of subjective/objective clinical adverse symptoms were 3.5% (3/85) in the BMY-28100 group and 1.3% (1/75) in the CCL group, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. No significant difference was also found between the 2 groups in incidences of abnormal laboratory test values, as abnormalities were found in 21.1% (16/76) of the cases in the BMY-28100 group and 25.7% (18/70) in the CCL group. 5. As for overall usefulness of the drug in bacterial pneumonia cases, utility rates ("useful" or better evaluations) as evaluated by the subcommittee were 83.6% (46/55) in the BMY-28100 group and 90.5% (38/42) in the CCL group, and the rates as evaluated by investigators in cases judged as evaluable by the subcommittee were 78.3% (47/60) and 82.2% (37/45), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The utility rates as evaluated by investigators in cases in which diseases were diagnosed as bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess by investigators were 78.3% (47/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 82.2% (37/45) in the CCL group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Acute maxillary sinusitis treated with cefaclor].

26 girls (54.2%) and 22 boys (45.8%) total 48 patients with clinically and radiologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis have been treated with cefaclor. The dosage of the drug was 40 mg/kg/daily and the duration of the therapy was 10 days. Total cure have been achieved in 37 patients (77.1%) and no side effects of the drug has been detected.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime, cefuroxime and cefaclor against strict anaerobic bacteria].

The in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin (CPX) was assessed against 260 strains of anaerobic bacteria. A comparison was done with two other oral cephalosporins cefaclor (CFA) and cefuroxime (CXM). MICs were determined by an agar-dilution method on wilkins chalgren agar. The three antibiotics had little activity against Bacteroïdes fragilis group. Cefpodoxime was more active than the two other cephalosporins against Fusobacterium and Bacteroïdes spp. At 4 mg/l concentration the percentages of susceptibility were respectively CFA 8% CXM 11% for all the Gram negative bacilli. Inversely, a better activity was detected against Gram positive anaerobes; the three cephalosporins inhibiting respectively CFA 65% CXM 75% CFX 46% of 94 tested strains. All Veillonella spp. and Propionibacteria were inhibited by cefpodoxime 4 mg/l. The activity of the three cephalosporins were similar weak against Gram negative anaerobes but greater against Gram positive strict anaerobes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. A double blind comparison of cefpodoxime proxetil and cefaclor].

In order to objectively evaluate the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of the new oral cephem cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, a double-blind comparative study was undertaken using cefaclor (CCL) as the control drug. CPDX-PR and CCL were administered for 7 days at daily doses of 400 mg (divided into 2 portions) and 750 mg (divided into 3 portions), respectively. A total of 243 patients (118 in the CPDX-PR group and 125 in the CCL group) was treated in this study. The effectiveness, safety and usefulness were evaluated in 222 (106 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), 234 (113 in the CPDX-PR group and 121 in the CCL group) and in 223 patients (107 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), respectively. There were no differences in patients' backgrounds between the 2 groups, except for the presence or the absence of surgical treatments. The results we obtained are summarized below: 1. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy by the subcommittee, excellent, good, fair and poor efficacy were observed in 36, 43, 17 and 10 patients in the CPDX-PR group, respectively; the efficacy rate was, therefore, calculated to be 74.5%. As for the CCL group, respective results were observed in 50, 39, 17 and 10 patients, indicating an efficacy rate of 76.7%. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Improvement rates judged by physicians in charge were 80.2% in the CPDX-PR group and 88.8% in the CCL group. Moreover, no significant difference in diseases or severity were found between the 2 groups. 2. As for the bacteriological efficacy, the 2 groups showed high elimination rates, as 90.1% and 91.6% of the disease causing bacteria were eliminated in the CPDX-PR group and in the CCL group, respectively. Elimination rates in single infections with Staphylococcus aureus were determined to be 85.7% in the CPDX-PR group and 85.0% in the CCL group. 3. Although 6 patients in the CPDX-PR group and 2 patients in the CCL group developed side effects, which were mainly gastrointestinal symptoms, there was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the 2 groups. Abnormal laboratory values were found in 5 patients in the CPDX-PR group and 1 patient in the CCL group. 4. There was no significant difference in the usefulness between the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis].

S 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release cefaclor, was orally administered to 20 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis at a daily dosage of 750 mg (titer) in 2 divided doses for a duration of 7-15 days and its clinical usefulness was evaluated. Clinical efficacies were good in 17 cases and fair in 3 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 85.0%. Organisms isolated from 13 patients were totalling 14 strains, i.e., 5 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 2 strains of Streptococcus sp., 2 strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 strain of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. All these strains, except the strains of Streptococcus sp., disappeared upon the administration of the drug. With regard to the safety, no side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were encountered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic respiratory tract infections].

S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) was orally administered to 15 patients with chronic respiratory tract infections (2 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis, 13 cases of secondary infections consisting of 1 case of bronchial asthma, 2 cases of bronchial asthma/pulmonary emphysema, and 10 cases of bronchiectasis) at a daily dose of 750 mg divided into 2 doses administered after breakfast and dinner, for a duration of 14 days. The drug was ineffective in 3 of the 10 cases of bronchiectasis but was effective in the other 12 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 80%. There were no side effects of abnormal laboratory findings due to administration of this drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis].

The S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor preparation) was administered to 15 cases of chronic bronchitis for its clinical evaluation; a daily dosage of 750 mg was orally given in 2 divided doses after breakfast and dinner for a duration of 7 to 22 days. Clinical effects were good in 11 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 3 cases. Among the 13 cases other than 2 unadaptable Pseudomonas infections, good effectiveness was found in 11 cases (efficacy rate: 84.6%). There appeared to be no side effects or abnormal laboratory test values due to administration of this drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical study of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic respiratory airway infections].

S 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release preparation of cefaclor, was administered to 21 patients with chronic respiratory airway infections for its clinical study; a daily dosage between 750 and 1,500 mg was orally given in 2 divided doses after breakfast and dinner for a duration of 3 to 14 days. Clinical effects were good in 15 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 4 cases and unknown in 1 case. No side effects were observed except for a case of impaired appetite. There appeared to be no abnormal laboratory test valued due to the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[A parallel comparative double blind study of cefixime with cefaclor in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media in children].

A double blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephem with cefaclor (CCL) in the treatment of 245 children weighing 10 approximately 30 kg, with acute suppurative otitis media. The daily dosages of CFIX and CCL were 3 approximately 6 mg/kg in 2 divided portions, and 20 approximately 40 mg/kg in 3 divided portions, respectively, and the drugs were administered for 7 days. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. Analyzed subjects were 211 patients (CFIX group: 108 patients, CCL group: 103 patients) for clinical efficacy. Efficacy rates judged by the doctor in charge were 88.9% and 83.5% in CFIX and CCL group, respectively, without significant difference between the 2 groups. Similar results were also obtained by the committee. When clinical effects were classified by clinical isolates, the efficacy rates against monomicrobial infections with Gram-negative bacteria were judged by the doctor in charge to be 100% in the CFIX group and 84.6% in the CCL group. Thus CFIX was judged to be significantly superior to CCL (P less than 0.05). The overall eradication rates of bacteria were 97.1% in the CFIX group and 90.3% in the CCL group. The eradication rate of CFIX was significantly superior to that of CCL (P less than 0.05). When improvements of individual symptoms were evaluated, regarding redness of the tympanic membrane and the tympanic cavity on the 3rd day of dosing, CFIX group (improvement in 84.1% of the cases) was significantly superior (P less than 0.05) to the CCL group (67.6%). Regarding purulent secretion on the 7th day of dosing, the CFIX group (improvement in 98.1% of the cases) was also significantly superior (P less than 0.05) to the CCL group (91.3%). Two hundred thirty eight patients were analyzed for side effects (CFIX group: 120 patients, CCL group: 118 patients). The incidence rates of side effects were 0.8% (1/120) in the CFIX group and 1.7% (2/118) in the CCL group, and there was no significant difference between the 2 drugs. From the above results, it is concluded that CFIX is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media in children. Furthermore, CFIX is expected to be equal or superior to CCL in clinical effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[A double blind comparative study on the efficacy of S6472, cefaclor and amoxicillin, in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia].

The S6472 is a 4:6 mixture of 2 types of granules of cefaclor (CCL) coated with different films; one type of granules is soluble at low pH's and absorbed in the stomach while the other type is soluble at high pH's and absorbed in the intestine. The difference in absorption sites makes it possible to maintain blood concentrations of the drug at clinically efficient levels for a longer period of time compared with ordinary CCL. The efficacy, safety and usefulness of S6472 in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia was compared with those of ordinary CCL and of amoxicillin (AMPC) by the blind method. The patients entered in this trial were those who had bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess and were 16 years or above of age. The S6472 was given orally for 14 days at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (750 mg each after breakfast and supper), CCL was given at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (500 mg each after every meal), and AMPC at 2,000 mg (500 mg each after every meal and at the bedtime). To make the study blind, placeboes were matched with the test drug so that patients in every treatment group took 4 doses per day. Out of a total of 195 patients thus treated, 179 patients (55 in S6472 group, 62 in CCL group and 62 in AMPC group) were adopted for the evaluation by committee members while 185 patients (58 in S6472 group, 63 in CCL group and 64 in AMPC group) by controllers. When clinical results of the 3 treatment groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed in efficacy rates (cure rates), incidences of side effects nor abnormal findings of laboratory tests. From these results of this trial, it is concluded that oral administration of 750 mg of S6472 twice a day (1,500 mg per day) is as effective and useful as that of 500 mg of ordinary CCL 3 times a day (1,500 mg per day) or 500 mg of AMPC 4 times a day (2,000 mg per day) in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A double-blind comparative study on the efficacy of S6472, cefaclor, in the treatment of bacterial bronchitis].

Clinical efficacy and safety of S6472 (long active cefaclor (CCL)) and CCL were compared by a double-blind study using 248 patients with bacterial bronchitis. Patients were orally administered with either 375 mg of S6472 2 times or 250 mg of CCL 3 times daily for 7 days, and the following results were obtained. Clinical efficacy judged by a committee: The efficacy rates on acute bronchitis were 87.2% for S6472 and 82.6% for CCL, and the efficacy rates on chronic bronchitis were 70.3% for S 6472 and 64.7% for CCL. There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in clinical efficacy. Clinical efficacy judged by doctors in charge: Results of the clinical efficacy judged by doctors in charge were similar to the efficacy judged by the committee. Bacteriological efficacy judged by the committee: Eradication rate for the S6472 group was 71.1% (32 of 45 patients) and that for the CCL group was 67.4% (29 of 43 patients). There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in the bacteriological efficacy. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings: Side effects were observed in 5 cases (4.2%) in the S6472 group and in 5 cases (4.0%) in the CCL group. These side effects, however, were not serious, and no remarkable abnormal laboratory values were observed. There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in the incidence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings. Clinical utility: When the clinical utility was expressed by the utility rate (very useful and useful), it was 79.5% in the S6472 group (117 patients) and 76.2% in the CCL group (122 patients) (judged by the committee). When the utility was judged by doctors in charge, it was 73.3% in S6472 group (120 patients) and 71.4% in CCL group (126 patients). From the above results, it has been concluded that S6472 taken twice daily is equivalent to CCL in effectiveness on bacterial bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of S6472 and cefaclor on bacterial flora in adult human feces].

S6472 is a mixture of cefaclor (CCL) granules with gastric-soluble coating and those with enteric-soluble coating at the ratio (in potency) of 4 to 6. With administration of this formulation, a prolonged blood level of CCL is obtained. S6472 and CCL were administered orally to 19 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 27 years of age (mean: 23 years) weighing between 51 and 80 kg (mean: 64.7 kg). Four subjects were given 2 capsules and 5 subjects were given 4 capsules each containing 187.5 mg of S6472, 30 minutes after breakfast and supper for 5 days. Five subjects were given 1 capsule and 5 subjects were given 2 capsules each containing 250 mg of CCL 30 minutes after breakfast, lunch and supper for 5 days. The number of fecal bacteria was examined 5 days before the start of administration, the day of the start of administration, 3 and 5 days after the start of administration, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration. Concentration of CCL in feces and susceptibility of isolated fecal bacteria (at the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml) to CCL were examined. Adverse reactions and the effects on laboratory test values were also checked. In 4 subjects receiving 375 mg of S6472 twice a day, the mean population of E. coli was 10(7)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. There was no effect on the population of Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. Enterobacter sp. and other Enterobacteriaceae. The mean population of all Enterobacteriaceae was 10(8)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. The population of other Gram-negative bacilli did not show a consistent change, either. There was no effect on the population of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus, sp., Micrococcus sp., and of Candida sp. Among anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides sp. showed the mean population of 10(10) cells/g feces on all days of examination. C. difficile was isolated from 2 subjects out of 4 at the level of 10(2)-10(3) cells/g feces 5 days after the start of administration and 3 days after the end of administration. However, there was no production of toxin in either of the 2 subjects. In another subject, C. difficile was isolated at 10(2)-10(4) cells/g feces with a toxin titre of 10(-3)-10(-4) 3 and 5 days after the start of administration and 10 days after the end of administration. The total population of anaerobic bacteria was 10(10)-10(11) cells/g feces on all days of examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical studies on te concentration of cefaclor in sera and lung tissues of patients with respiratory diseases].

A 500 mg dose of cefaclor (CCL) was administered orally before surgery to each of patients with respiratory diseases and in fasting. Average concentrations of CCL in sera were 4.04 micrograms/ml at 1.5 hours, 3.03 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.68 microgram/ml at 3 hours and 0.45 microgram/ml at 5 hours after administration. Average concentrations in lung tissues during operation were 0.120 microgram/g at 3 hours, 0.272 microgram/g at 4 hours and 0.297 microgram/g at 5 hours after administration. Ratios of concentrations of CCL in lung tissues to that in sera were from 7.1 to 66.0 percent. The CCL was considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Prolonged action preparation of cefaclor].

This study was conducted to develop a prolonged action preparation of cefaclor (CCL) which can offer, with the twice-a-day administration, as much effectiveness as its conventional preparation (Kefral capsule) with the 3 times-a-day administration. Absorption site of CCL in gastrointestinal tract, preparation form (enteric coated granules) which slowly release CCL, dissolution property of the form, and mixed ratio of the form and rapid release form (nonenteric coated granules) were studied and complex granules consisting of 40% of nonenteric coated granules and 60% of enteric coated granules which dissolve at pH 6 were chosen as a prolonged action preparation of CCL. Bactericidal activity of the prolonged action preparation (S6472) was confirmed to be the same as that of the conventional preparation by comparative viable cell count study in which concentrations of CCL simulated to plasma concentrations following the administration of S6472 at the dosage of 375 mg b.i.d. and the conventional preparation at the dosage of 250 mg t.i.d. were used. From the above, S6472 is considered to be a prolonged action preparation of CCL which serve our purpose. Since S6472 can be given with the twice-a-day administration, its daytime administration is not necessary. Therefore, S6472 is considered to be much useful preparation for the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies of a sustained release preparation of cefaclor in the surgical field].

Fundamental and clinical studies of S6472 (sustained release preparation of cefaclor (CCL] were conducted in the surgical field and it was confirmed that the preparation is a useful drug. The following is the summary of the results from the fundamental and clinical studies: In vitro antibacterial activity. CCL showed MICs of 0.78 to 6.25 micrograms/ml against almost strains of S. aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella isolated from surgical wound regions, and the antibacterial activities were stronger than those of cephalexin (CEX). Clinical efficacy. S6472 was orally administered to 33 patients with skin and soft tissue infections in 2 divided doses. As a result, excellent clinical response was observed in 13 patients, good response observed in 14 patients, fair in 4 and poor in 1. The clinical efficacy in 1 of the 33 patients was unknown. Overall clinical effective rate was 84.4%. Adverse reaction. In 2 patients, mild gastrointestinal symptoms were observed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of cefaclor on urinary tract infections (the third report)].

The third part of our 3-years' continuous investigation on the clinical effect of cefaclor (CCL) against urinary tract infections was reported herein. CCL, a daily dose of 0.75 g t.i.d., has been applied for the treatment of (I) 69 cases with the uncomplicated acute cystitis in the women, and (II) 44 cases with the complicated. Rates of effectiveness obtained were 94.2% in (I), which was a little lower than the first or the second part of our report, and 70.5% in (II), which equaled the mean value of our first and second reports. Any definite difference was not obtained between the effectiveness rates in those who had ever been treated with CCL and those who not, in both (I) and (II) groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies of S 6472 (sustained release preparation of cefaclor) in the pediatric field].

Fundamental and clinical studies on S 6472 were carried out and following results were obtained. Serum concentrations after single oral administration showed 2 peaks at 1 or 2 hours and 5 or 6 hours in the cases with normal meal. Namely this drug has much more maintenance of serum concentration than normal cefaclor. In maintenance of serum concentrations after the administration, there were no obviously difference between normal and heavy meal. S 6472 was administered twice a day to 7 patients with various infections (bronchopneumonia 2 cases, acute bronchitis 1 case, purulent tonsillitis 4 cases) and clinical responses were all effective results. Pathogenic bacteria of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and H. influenzae were completely eliminated in all cases. No significant side effects were observed. On the above results, this administration method of S 6472 twice a day was considered to be good response against mild or moderate bacterial infections in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Phase I clinical studies of S6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor)].

Current (regular) preparation of cefaclor (CCL) require the 3-time-a-day administration. S6472 (sustained release preparation) which can be used with the twice-a-day administration in the morning and the evening is capsule and granule preparations consisting of 40% of nonenteric and 60% of enteric coated granules of CCL. Phase I clinical studies of S6472 were conducted in 12 nonfasted healthy adult male volunteers with cross over method using a single dose of 375 mg in capsule and granule forms of S6472, and 250 mg in capsule form of regular CCL as a control drug. The volunteers received the 3 preparations at 1-week interval. The summary of the results from the above studies is as follows: Grouping of the volunteers. The 12 volunteers were divided into 3 groups (each group consists of 4 volunteers) and there were no significant differences between each group regarding background factors of the volunteers. Tolerance. None of the volunteers who received the 3 preparations at 1-week interval complained of subjective abnormalities. No abnormalities which are considered to be due to S6472 and regular CCL were found in the clinical laboratory tests carried out before the administration and 1 week after the completion of the studies. Plasma level. There were no significant differences between capsule and granule forms of S6472 regarding Cmax and AUC, and it was confirmed that bioavailability of both preparations was the same. It was also confirmed that plasma levels of the 2 preparations of S6472 were maintained for longer period of time than those of regular CCL. Urinary excretion. Mean urine levels of the 2 preparations of S6472 every 2 hours after the administration were confirmed to be maintained for longer period of time than those of regular CCL. There were no significant differences between the 2 preparations of S6472 regarding urinary recovery rate. However, the significant differences between the 2 preparations of S6472 and regular CCL were observed. Urinary recovery rate of the 2 preparations of S6472 was 87 approximately 88% of that of regular CCL.

Adult↗