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PubMedDate not supplied

[Fractionation of stable isotopes of sulfur during its oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans].

The fractionation of sulfur isotopes was studied in the process of sulfur oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The isotope effect was observed at all stages of the bacterial growth during sulfur oxidation; as a result, residual sulfur became heavier whereas the fraction of colloidal sulfur and the fraction of sulfates became lighter. The isotope differences between the residual sulfur and the sulfates were greatest at the end of the lag phase (delta 34S = 0.38%) and the beginning of the stationary phase of the cultural growth (delta 34S = 0.34%). As was shown in model experiments, the phospholipids lecithin and cephalin can dissolve sulfur and form products enriched in 32S(delta 34S = -0.51 -1.60%). The mechanism of oxidation of elementary sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is discussed.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

[Interaction of cytotoxin and Ca2+ with phospholipase A2].

The effects of Ca2+ and cytotoxin from Middle Asian cobra venom on the hydrolytic activity of phospholipase A2 from the same source and on its action on erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and mitochondria were studied. The necessity of phospholipase A2 for Ca2+ depends on the type of substrates (phosphatidyl methanol, phosphatidyl ethanol, cephalin, phosphatidyl ethyleneglycol, phosphatidyl inositol), whereas enzymatic cleavage of lecithin can also occur in the absence of Ca2+. Cytotoxin Vc" I had no effect on the rate of phospholipid hydrolysis in the absence of Ca2+. However, in the presence of Ca2+ cytotoxin at low concentrations activated phospholipase A2, while its high concentrations inhibited the phospholipid hydrolysis with the exception of phosphatidyl ethyleneglycol and phosphatidyl inositol. In experiments with purified phospholipids no synergistic effect of cytotoxin and phospholipase A2 was observed. The activating effect of cytotoxin and phospholipase A2 was comparable to that of the cationic detergents. The effect of phospholipase A2 on erythrocyte hemolysis and succinate oxidation by mitochondria was more complicated: the activating or inhibiting effect depended on the state and ratio of Ca2+, cytotoxin and phospholipase A2. It is suggested that the synergistic effect observed in membrane systems is primarily due to the structural organization of the membranes and the phase condition of the membrane phospholipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Study of 51 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation with reference to the association with acute renal failure. Results in severely ill patients (author's transl)].

During the years 1977 to 1979 51 patients admitted to a general Intensive Care Unit were diagnosed of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); their clinical histories were reviewed and they form the basis of this report. The diagnosis was made independently of the eventual clinical manifestations and it was based on the platelet count, serum fibrinogen levels, alteration of the prothrombin time and the cephalin-kaolin time, elevation of fibrin degradation products, and positivity of the ethanol test. An attempt was made to elucidate the precipitating cause of the coagulopathy, and to see if there was one or more of them. Particular emphasis is made on the association with Gram negative sepsis. Survival was evaluated in relation to heparin therapy, massive doses of corticosteroids, and association to acute renal failure. In conclusion, severe DIC with or without bleeding appears to be a manifestation of multiorgan failure seen in severely ill patients; the prognosis and mortality of this form of DIC is worse than the usual DIC and treatment with heparin or corticosteroids do not increase survival, while its association to acute renal failure implies a higher mortality (p less than 0.02).

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructural characteristics of Actinomyces olivaceus in the process of development of a culture as related to lipid synthesis].

The cytomorphology of an Actinomyces olivaceus culture was studied, in the course of its submerged cultivation in two media differing in phosphate content, in relation to lipid biosynthesis. The cells (including those grown under the conditions of phosphate deficiency in the medium) have well-developed membranous apparatus, particularly during the exponential growth phase and in the transition to the stationary phase whose time depends on the composition of the medium. No visible defects were found in the membranous apparatus of cells grown under the conditions of phosphate deficiency; the lipid component of these cells contained ornithinolipid instead of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The fraction of ornithinolipid which had been found in this culture only under the conditions of phosphate deficiency was detected now in cells cultivated in a medium lacking CoCl2.6H2O but without phosphate deficiency during the stationary growth phase using the techniques of column and thin-layer chromatography. Nitrogen-containing polar lipids comprise cephalin (86.5%) and ornithinolipid (13.3%).

Culture Media↗
PubMed1995

[Antiphospholipid syndrome in children. Apropos of a case].

The authors report the case of a 10 year old child who presented with an uncomplicated deep venous thrombosis associated with an antiphospholipid syndrome. The diagnosis was established by the finding of spontaneous prolongation of the activated cephalin time, the finding of a lupus-like antibody and an anti-cardiolipin antibody. The clinical outcome was good with oral anticoagulants but a recurrence was observed when they were stopped. The authors discuss the question of the duration of preventive therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coagulation and total parenteral nutrition: the effect of 2 lipid emulsions].

Among the general complications caused by total parenteral nutrition (TPN), the hematological alterations play an important role, and they have been related to the lipid emulsions. With the objective of studying the influence of two lipid emulsions on the hemocoagulation of patients with TPN, we have done a prospective and double blind study in which 21 patients were randomized into two groups to receive TPN which included lipid emulsions and other components, Group I (n = 10) received a 20% LCT lipid emulsion with the TPN, and group II (n = 11) received a 20% MCT-LCT (50-50) lipid emulsion with the TPN. The following were then studied: activated cephalin time, prothrombin time, percentage of prothrombin time, thrombin and fibrinogen time, hemogram, and proteinogram. The basal values of both groups were similar and after eight days there were no differences in any of the variables when comparing the two groups. We came to the conclusion that both lipid emulsions behaved in a similar fashion, both were clinically well tolerated and neither produced by alteration in hemocoagulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Serum phospholipids in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis and chronic active hepatitis.

The various serum phospholipid fractions were quantitated by thin layer chromatography in 33 patients with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis, 11 patients with chronic active hepatitis and 25 normal human subjects. In bilharzial hepatic fibrosis, the total serum phospholipid level showed a significant drop, while in chronic active hepatitis it was significantly elevated above the normal level of the controls. In both groups of patients, the percentage of phospholipids analyzed as lecithin was significantly elevated. The percentage of total phospholipids analyzed as sphingomyelin tended to be within the normal range of controls while the percentages of lysolecithin and cephalin fractions were significantly decreased. The increase in the relative percentage of lecithin with the simultaneous decrease of the relative percentage of lysolecithin was referred to the decrease of the lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase enzyme activity in the plasma of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Ambulatory heparin-antivitamin K relay].

In order to reach the active threshold as quickly as possible, heparin is usually given at the onset of anticoagulant therapy. The risk of thrombopenia is reduced by early initiation of antivitamin K drugs which also simplifies the treatment regimen and reduces costs. During this transition period, the desired level of hypocoagulation is attain by two mechanisms. Treatment effectiveness, side effects and interactions must be monitored regularly with the active participation of the patient after discharge. Laboratory tests for monitoring heparin therapy, including activated cephalin time for non-fractionated heparin and anti-Xa activity for low molecular weight heparin and biweekly platelet counts are maintained. Antivitamin K therapy is initiated without a loading dose and followed with coagulation time expressed in INR (isocoagulability = 1) at regular intervals, depending on the half-life of the chosen drug, for adapting dosage. Heparin can be withdrawn when the INR has reached equilibrium between 2 and 3. For ambulatory patients, the protocol must be rigorously applied and requires at least four laboratory tests over a period of six days. Except in cases of emergency, the two treatments are given simultaneously for a period of about one week which means that the antivitamin K must be given within 72 hours in order not to override the generally accepted duration of heparin therapy of ten days.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1993

The influence of tamoxifen on plasma coagulation and serous fibrinolysis.

Selected parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis were determined in 25 postmenopausal women, treated chronically for breast cancer with the use of tamoxifen. The significant influence of tamoxifen therapy on the serous fibrinolysis parameters was found. The time of euglobulin lysis was shorter, the concentration of alpha 2-antiplasmin decreased, and plasminogen concentration increased. The content of antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and caolin-cephalin time did not change significantly during therapy, except the prothrombin rate which increased. Tamoxifen is an important medicine with beneficial influence on the fibrinolytic system, without affecting the serous coagulation system.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Comparative evaluation of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins. Results of the French Etalonorme interlaboratory quality control].

Four recent interlaboratory surveys have been conducted by the French National "Etalonorme" Group of Quality Control in Haematology, involving about 3,800 laboratories working in coagulation. They have been concerned with human lyophilised plasma samples heparinized in vitro either with unfractionated heparins (UFH), or with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) (Fragmin 89 D, and Fraxiparin 90 A). The doses added simulated therapeutic situations or were on the border-line of over- or underdosage: UFHs 89 B3/B4, 0.14 and 0.22 IU/ml; 89 C3/C4, 0.3 and 0.4 IU/ml respectively; LMWHs: D3-A3, 0.6; and D4-A4, 1.2 IU/ml. Automated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were prolonged at these high doses of LMWH, due to noticeable residual anti-IIa activity. A relationship between APTT and heparinaemia was observed with both types of heparin; sensitivities of cephalin reagents to heparin were also noted, but they were different for UFH compared to LMWH. Dispersion on APTT results was still high (CV: 12-23% for the UFH samples, 12-19% for the four LMWH samples). Dispersion on heparin determinations was higher for UFH than for LMWH, even for lower anti-IIa activity, but they involved more heterogeneous assays. The anti-Xa activity for LMWH samples was mainly determined using clotting assays (70% of the laboratories) with larger dispersions (CV: 32-37%), than those observed on amidolytic assays (CV: 28%); however, these amidolytic assays were performed in 90% of the laboratories with only two reagents available from a single manufacturer. The clotting techniques, more than the colorimetric assays, seemed to underestimate the high heparinaemias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of basic plasma polypeptides on the process of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis].

An original method was used to isolate polypeptides from citrate platelet-free plasma of healthy subjects. These polypeptides were able to prolong recalcification, kaolin, kaolin-cephalin and prothrombin plasma time, sharply reduce thrombin time of standard and heparinized plasma, to inhibit fibrin self-building and stimulate fibrinolytic activity of blood. An antiheparin effect of polypeptides in adequate doses is similar to that of protamine sulfate. Polypeptide antiheparin plasma factor has molecular mass about 2000 D, its chromatographic profile coincides with that of protamine sulfate.

Biopolymers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anticoagulant therapy with recombinant hirudin in patients with thrombopenia induced by heparin].

OBJECTIVES: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an uncommon and severe complication of heparin therapy. Both venous and arterial thromboembolic events can occur, requiring withdrawal of the heparin therapy. When anticoagulant therapy is mandatory, recombinant hirudin can be used. METHODS: We used recombinant hirudin (HBW 023) in 6 patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. In case of venous thromboembolism, an initial intravenous bolus (0.07 mg/kg) was followed by continuous infusion (0.05 mg/kg/h); for arterial thromboembolism the initial bolus was 0.7 mg/kg and infusion rate 0.15 mg/kg/h. When possible oral anticoagulants were started and hirudin withdrawn when the INR ratio reached 3. RESULTS: The clinical course was uneventful in all 6 patients. There was no recurrent thromboembolism. Cephalin-activated coagulation time (patient/control) varied between 1.8 and 3.5 (median 2.4) during hirudin administration. Platelet count rose to the nadir (median 70 x 10(9)/l, range 15-90) reaching over 100 x 10(9)/l in all patients between the third and sixth day (median 5 days) after stopping heparin. CONCLUSION: Intravenous administration of hirudin provides effective immediate anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thus allowing conversion to oral anticoagulants without risking recurrent thromboembolism.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Anticoagulant therapy in pulmonary embolism].

Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the two faces of thromboembolic disease. In over 90% of cases, the initial treatment of the pulmonary embolism is anticoagulant therapy, the necessity and efficacy of which were demonstrated over 30 years ago with a reduction of mortality of 25 to 6%. Intravenous heparin relayed rapidly (1st to 3rd day) is still the conventional treatment protocol. Heparin therapy adapted to the result of the activated cephalin time (two to three times the control value) and oral vitamin K antagonists with a dosage adapted to keep the International Normalized Ratio between 2 and 3 is the safest and most effective treatment to date. The efficacy is shown by the low rate of recurrency, about 5% under anticoagulant therapy, lethal recurrence being very rare (less than 1%), and safety is attested by the low rate of severe bleeding complications (3 to 5%). The introduction of low molecular weight heparin and the excellent results observed in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis will probably lead to rapid extension of its indications to mild or moderate but haemodynamically well-tolerated pulmonary embolism. Hirudine and heparinoids will probably be the next step in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary embolism disclosing activated protein C resistance].

Resistance to the activation of protein C is a recently discovered constitutional anomaly of coagulation which is responsible for thromboembolic events in young subjects. We report a case in a 26 year old man who presented with pulmonary embolus. Laboratory data was characterised by an absence of any lengthening of the activated cephaline time after adding purified activated exogenous Protein C. The confirmation of this anomaly is provided by the evidence of a mutation Arg 506 to Gln of Factor 5. The outcome is favourable with treatment by Heparin then by anti-Vitamin K.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of the general condition and selected biochemical blood parameters in various types of retinal vein occlusion].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the coagulant and fibrinolytic system, lipid economy and neurological condition in patients with various types of retinal vein occlusion. The material was 70 patients: 8 with diagnosed congestive venous retinopathy, 27 with ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion and 35 with central retinal vein branch occlusion. Apart from the neurological evaluation, every patient underwent determination of: hematocrit, number of blood platelets, total plasma protein with its electrophoretic division, plasma fibrinogen level, kaolin-cephalin and prothrombin coefficient, and the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol with its fractions LDL and HDL. RESULTS: Considerable percentage of patients with arterial hypertension and suffering from partial or multi-symptomatic hemiparesis associated with complication in plasma lipid content indicates significant atheromatous changes in vascular wall which promote occlusion formation. The role of rheological factors in pathogenesis of these changes seems to be secondary.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of dysfunctional protein S-Tokushima (K155-->E) in relation to the molecular interactions required for the regulation of blood coagulation.

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that acts as a cofactor of activated protein C (APC) and as an inhibitor of the prothrombinase complex. We previously reported that protein S-Tokushima, found in a patient with heterozygous protein S deficiency and severe venous thrombotic disease, has a substitution of Glu for Lys-155 in the second epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain of protein S. In the present study, we characterized the role of protein S, which is required for the expression of the APC cofactor activity and for the inhibition of the prothrombinase complex activity, using recombinant normal protein S (rPS-N) and protein S-Tokushima (rPS-T), expressed in BHK cells. rPS-N as well as plasma protein S showed APC cofactor activity, but rPS-T did not. Both rPS-N and rPS-T equally bound to phospholipids (Cephalin) and C4b-binding protein fixed to microwells. APC bound to rPS-N and plasma protein S, but did not bind to rPS-T. Although rPS-N as well as plasma protein S inhibited the platelet prothrombinase complex activity, rPS-T did not. Factor Xa bound to rPS-N but not to rPST. Binding of rPS-N to biotinylated factor Va in solution phase did not differ significantly from that of rPS-T. The dysfunction of protein S-Tokushima is suggested to be mainly caused by a lack of interaction with APC required for the expression of the APC cofactor activity and by a lack of interaction with factor Xa required for the inhibition of the prothrombinase complex activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Left ventricular assistance by postoperative mechanical devices in neonates].

Circulatory assistance in children and neonates has not been extensively reported. It poses specific problems related mainly to miniaturisation of systems. The authors report three cases of left ventricular assistance with the Biomedicus centrifugal pump followed by functional recovery in neonates operated for d-transposition of the great arteries. The assistance was installed by cannulation of the left atrial appendage and the ascending aorta, the canules being connected to the Biomedicus pump. The duration of assistance was 53, 116 and 120 hours respectively. The beginning of left ventricular recovery was observed after 24, 48 and 70 hours of assistance and the patients were weaned of assistance under stable haemodynamic conditions. One of the major problems during the period of assistance is decoagulation, 2 out of 3 patients requiring removal of thrombi during the first 12 hours of assistance. On the other hand, no cases of systemic embolism or thrombosis in the pump itself were observed. Decoagulation was maintained by continuous intravenous heparin with an initial dosage of 5 U/kg/h adapted to the activated cephalin time and anti Xa levels measured every 6 hours. No infectious complication was observed and the sternal wound healed satisfactorily despite systematic delayed closure of the thorax. The quality of results requires cooperation of a surgical infrastructure used to techniques of circulatory assistance, a well equipped neonatal intensive care unit and a permanently accessible laboratory for monitoring coagulation status.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apgar score and blood coagulation factors.

Blood coagulation tests were performed in 93 newborn infants with different Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minutes of life. The laboratorial determinations were periodically performed at 0, 24 and 48 hours of life. The following tests were performed: bleeding time, whole blood clotting time, prothrombin time, kaolin-cephalin clotting time, thrombin time, dosage of factors I, V, VIII and X, clot retraction, platelet count, englobulin lysis time and the tourniquet test. Immediately after birth, the mean values of the blood coagulation factors were significantly different among the groups, with the exception of the whole blood clotting time and the platelet count. Those differences were due to the presence of the more depressed neonates. Although these results could indicate some degree of hepatic damage, it was apparent that an activation of the blood coagulation mechanisms took place, leading to a consumption coagulopathy. The infants who died (10) presented clinical and laboratorial data suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Necroscopic findings of microthrombosis in the liver and in the central nervous system were diagnosed in two infants.

Apgar Score↗