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PubMed1989

Audit of medical response to antenatal booking history.

A retrospective review of 600 obstetric case-notes, covering the years 1978 to 1984, was performed independently by two assessors. The medical response to 22 risk factors, recorded at booking by the midwife, was assessed. The medical staff recognized 69% of the risk factors recorded at booking and responded appropriately to 82% of these. The standard of care improved over the period studied. The accuracy of our conclusions was greatly enhanced by carrying out each assessment in duplicate with arbitration by a third assessor when necessary, and it is proposed that all audits of medical practice should themselves be audited in this way.

England↗

PubMed2004

Laser resurfacing today and the 'cook book' approach: a recipe for disaster?

BACKGROUND: Laser ablative skin resurfacing achieves skin rejuvenation by precise ablation of photoaged skin and subsequent re-epithelialisation and dermal remodelling. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) lasers are the established choice. A wide range and many sets of parameters have been proposed as the gold standard for each system but results have varied. AIMS: To show that this single system 'cook book' approach must be rejected in favour of a more comprehensive approach. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The author has experience of ablative skin resurfacing in over 1200 patients and has used both systems. A more flexible approach, using a combined wavelength system, is presented. It comprises precise ablation of the epidermal with the Er: YAG (to create an epidermal window), followed instantaneously with subablative heating of the exposed dermis with the CO(2) laser. RESULTS: Since adopting the dual wavelength/dual modality approach, more than 600 patients have been treated, with excellent results and a very high patient satisfaction index, currently around 90%, obtained from the sum of the very satisfied and satisfied patients using a five-grade scale. Possible resurfacing-related complications have included prolonged erythema, hyper or hypopigmentation, scarring and viral infections, which were more common with single system resurfacing. The author's complication rate remains under 1%, without any prophylactic use of antiviral agents. CONCLUSIONS: The cook book approach, whereby a particular set of fixed laser resurfacing parameters for a specific single laser system are adopted and rigidly applied in all patients, will not achieve the best treatment effects and may even produce a bad result and dissatisfied patients. The dual modality approach allows a combination of the favourable elements of each of the two wavelengths with excellent and consistent results.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

The value of routine early pregnancy ultrasound in the antenatal booking clinic.

The value of routine antenatal booking ultrasound as an adjunct to, or as an alternative to the 18 to 20 week ultrasound, is not known. A study into the possible benefits of routine antenatal booking ultrasound was undertaken. One year's experience, involving 1,372 scans is described. The main medical benefits include the establishment or correction of gestational age (41.7% of all pregnancies) and the identification of multiple pregnancies (0.7%), nonviable pregnancies (1.4%) and other pregnancies requiring specialist antenatal clinic referral (0.7%), resulting in a total of 44.5% of patients in whom some benefit was obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

How we do it: analysing GP referral priorities: the unforeseen effect of 'Choose and Book'.

The introduction of Choose and Book may have a significant effect on the proportion of urgent referrals seen by ENT surgeons. Much of the responsibility for prioritisation will be transferred to the GP. Patients who are considered urgent by the ENT surgeon will be added to those considered urgent by the GP. Our results show that there was little agreement between GPs and ENT surgeon on what constitutes an urgent referral. The combined effect of joint prioritisation and the removal of the 'soon' category resulted in a 270% increase in 'urgent' referrals in our sample. This potentially unforeseen consequence of the Choose and Book system should be taken into consideration by ENT departments to allow for an expansion of the 'urgent' category.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed1982

Numerical identification of bacteria with a hand-held calculator as an alternative to code books.

The Hewlett-Packard HP 41C hand-held calculator can be used for the numerical identification of bacteria. The dimensions of the identification matrix are limited to about 30 by 22; however, many groups of clinically important bacteria can be numerically identified by this method. Hand-held calculators can be used as an alternative to code books. At present, these calculators and additional tests can help solve identification problems in profiles not contained in code books.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2005

Robert Boyle's landmark book of 1660 with the first experiments on rarified air.

In 1660, Robert Boyle (1627-1691) published his landmark book New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects... in which he described the first controlled experiments of the effects of reducing the pressure of the air. Critical to this work was the development of an air pump by Boyle with Robert Hooke (1635-1703). For the first time, it was possible to observe physical and physiological processes at both normal and reduced barometric pressures. The air pump was described in detail, although the exact design of the critical piston is unclear. Boyle reported 43 separate experiments, which can conveniently be divided into 7 groups. The first experiments were on the "spring of the air," that is the pressure developed by the air when its volume was changed. Several experiments described the behavior of the barometer invented by Torricelli just 16 years before when it was introduced into the low-pressure chamber. The behavior of burning candles was discussed, although this emphasized early misunderstandings of the nature of combustion. There were some physiological observations, although these were later extended by Boyle and Hooke. The effects of the low pressure on such diverse physical phenomena as magnetism, sound propagation, behavior of a pendulum, evolution of gases from liquids, and the behavior of smoke were described. This classic book is brimming with enthusiasm and fresh ideas even for today and deserves to be better known.

Air↗

PubMed1990

Dietary restriction--a procedure with an undefined goal: a critical review of two recent books.

The publication of two books on the relationship between dietary restriction and aging has been taken as an opportunity to write a critical review on this field. The content of the two books is summarized and the implications of the major conclusions reached by the authors are appraised. It is concluded that dietary restriction should be more widely studied by gerontologists because of the light it throws on 'clocks' of aging, error detection and repair systems, and the possibilities of devising pharmacological control of these systems.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Psychologists and self-help books: attitudes and prescriptive practices of clinicians.

Data are presented from a survey of 123 practicing psychologists in 36 states concerning attitudes and prescriptive practices with regard to self-help books. Tables are provided indicating those self-help works most frequently read and prescribed by responding psychologists, along with ratings of quality and helpfulness. Results indicate widespread readership and prescription of popularized self-help books among psychologists and a positive evaluation of their utility. Questions as to how and why these works are being used are explored.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1999

Effect of a pediatric self-care book on utilization of services in a group model HMO.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pediatric self-care book (SCB) with nurse telephone support on use of health services. The study was performed in a pediatric department of Kaiser Permanente in a suburb of Denver, Colorado. Well patients seen at age 2 weeks to 2.5 months (infant group) or 14 to 19 months (toddler group) were enrolled. Intervention families received a copy of the book, Your Child's Health and were oriented on its use. Rates of sick visits, advice nurse calls, pharmacy prescriptions, emergency department visits, and hospital admissions were assessed. Visit and call rates were calculated, and mean rates of the SCB group and the control group were then compared. Of 1,104 enrols, 527 received the SCB; the other 577 served as controls. The SCB group had 14.0% fewer total visits (excluding well-baby visits) than controls did (p = 0.018). For infants and toddlers who were not first-borns, the intervention was associated with a statistically significant decrease in sick visits (23%), advice nurse phone calls (24%), and pharmacy prescriptions (26%); no statistically significant differences in study outcomes were seen among first-born study subjects. Promotion of self-care in a group model health maintenance organization can decrease use of services by families of young children.

Caregivers↗

PubMed1999

Isaac Israeli and his Book of Urine.

Isaac Israeli (c850-950), philosopher and physician was born in Egypt where he practised as an oculist before moving to Kairouan, in Tunisia, where he served as physician to the Caliph Ziyadat Allah and later to 'Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi. His best known medical work Book of Fevers (Kitab al-Hummayat) was widely used as a medical text until the seventeenth century. This paper reviews Israeli's medical career through his Book of Urine (Kitab al-bawl), based on a fifteenth century Hebrew manuscript Sefer Hasheten (MS Hunter 477) in the Hunterian Collection of the University of Glasgow. This manuscript, most likely a translation from the original Arabic, describes the formation of urine and the value of visual examination of urine for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Israeli emerges as an outstanding physician and scholar who made a lasting contribution to Arab-Jewish medicine in its most productive period.

Egypt↗

PubMed1993

Code books--a critical link in the research process.

There is no one right way to construct a code book; however, it is critical that all the elements needed to understand and work with the data be present. By constructing a comprehensive code book before the data are collected, the investigator is assured of preparing for all aspects of data analysis. It is important to remember that one cannot be too compulsive in planning for data analysis. The findings of the study are discovered through the analysis of the data. The purpose of the study is to be able to describe the findings in a cogent manner. If the data are not systematically organized, they will be useless to the investigator.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1986

Causes and effects of my disturbing little book.

Review and reflection indicate that no more than 5% of what was written in the 1954 book entitled, Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction (Meehl, 1984), needs to be retracted 30 years later. If anything, these retractions would result in the book's being more actuarial than it was. Seven factors appear to account for the failure of mental health professionals to apply in practice the strong and clearly supported empirical generalizations demonstrating the superiority of actuarial over clinical prediction.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2001

The expurgation of medical books in sixteenth-century Spain.

Medical books figured prominently on lists of scientific books censured or expurgated by ecclesiastic authorities in the second half of the sixteenth century. A systematic examination of this censorship is still wanting. The following study, which describes and explains the mechanism of expurgation of centuria iv in Amatus Lusitanus's description of medical cases (Lyons edition, 1580), is an example of the sort of questions and information that can be drawn from such an examination. In particular, the expurgation of Amatus's discussion of false conception suffered by a nun is analyzed. Amatus did not rule out the possibility of natural virginal pregnancy, and in doing so he relied on medical authorities (Averroes) as well as on a Hebrew rabbinical source (Alphabet of Ben Sira).

Catholicism↗

PubMed1988

Psychological gender, hand preferences, and sex differences in book-carrying styles.

Individuals with stronger sex-role identities may be expected to show greater conformity to sex-typed behaviors. Proceeding from this assumption, the sex-role status and sex of students using different styles of carrying books were compared. This study also examined whether over-all hand preference or age were related to carrying styles or sex-role status. Subjects completed a questionnaire comprised of the 24-item Personal Attributes Questionnaire of Spence and Helmreich, a 6-item scale of hand preference and a self-rating of sex-role identity. Afterwards, each subject's carrying style was covertly observed and recorded. Most subjects carried their materials in a sex-typical way or in book bags (for which no sex-typed carrying styles were discovered). As in previous studies, men in this study scored higher than women on masculinity and androgyny and lower on femininity. Hand preference was not related to sex-role status. Carrying style was not significantly correlated with any of the predictor variables for men, perhaps because almost no variance in carrying style was observed among them. Women who used masculine carrying styles tended to be older, have greater instrumentality, and a more masculine identity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Concordance among readers of self-help books about important ideas.

Amount of agreement among readers about the relevant information in a self-help psychology book was measured to assess whether readers' choices are unique or overlapping. 15 men and 14 women attended two 1-hr. sessions in which they read and marked relevant information in the first 60 pages of a self-help psychology book. Comparison of the amount and pattern of marking across pages and lines on five specific pages showed that there was a statistically significant amount of agreement on which pages contained relevant ideas and which lines contained important concepts. There were no differences between men and women.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Methods of increasing client acceptance of a memory book.

This case history describes the successful use of a commercially available memory book by a brain injury survivor, including a description of the characteristics which made the book acceptable. Implications of the normalization principle for memory rehabilitation are also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2006

A pioneer from the Islamic Golden Age: Haly Abbas and spinal traumas in his principal work, The Royal Book.

Spinal diseases have attracted medical scientists throughout the history of medicine, probably because they are relatively easy to diagnose and fairly simple to treat. Physicians who made great progress in medicine during the glorious Islamic civilizations also enthusiastically dealt with spine-related problems. More than a thousand years ago Persia was a cradle of medical learning, and Islamic medicine and other sciences spread westward from that center. A leading figure during this period was Haly Abbas, who created an excellent and compact medical encyclopedia, The Royal Book. Sadly, this book has rarely been cited in the literature. The subject of the present vignette is Abbas' work regarding spinal trauma.

Encyclopedias as Topic↗

PubMed1992

Socialization groups: using The Book of Questions as a catalyst for interaction.

This article describes the use of The Book of Questions (Stock, 1987) as a tool for assessment and as a catalyst for social interaction in an acute short-term inpatient psychiatric unit. Examples of questions and how they can be used to provide information for the evaluation of personality style and social and interpersonal skills are provided. Group objectives, membership criteria and format, and leadership techniques are discussed. Analysis of the group activity and patients' responses to the group indicates that a group structured around The Book of Questions facilitates social interaction and is easily transferable to social activities outside of the structured therapeutic group setting and hospital environment.

Communication↗