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PubMed1983

Relationship between the occurrence of coliphages and E. coli in Danish marine bathing areas.

During 2 bathing seasons, 1978 and 1979, water samples were collected with intervals of 2 weeks from 17 marine bathing areas situated on the coast of the island of Fyn. Quantitative examinations for coliphages and fecal coliforms were carried out. Coliphages were present in approximately 50% of the samples. 75% of the positive samples contained less than or equal to 10 coliphages per 100 ml. 6 samples were found with greater than 100 coliphages per 100 ml. A positive correlation between coliphage and fecal coliform concentrations was demonstrated. The ratios of fecal coliforms to coliphages varied only little between individual sampling stations. The mean ratio was 1.9 and 2.0 for the 2 sampling periods. The mean concentration of fecal coliforms was gradually increasing from 2.4/100 ml in May to 7.2/100 ml in September. Conversely the coliphage concentrations were quite uniform during the bathing seasons. As a result of those 2 trends, the fecal coliform/coliphages ratio increased during the seasons from 0.86 to 3.13. Finally, the potential value of coliphages as an indicator of pathogenic microorganisms in marine bathing areas is discussed.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed1984

The impact of terrestrial and estuarial factors on the density of environmental bacterial (Vibrionaceae) and faecal coliforms in coastal water.

A study of the densities of faecal coliforms, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila in Danish bathing areas was carried out over the period May-October, 1981 with special reference to specific terrestrial and estuarial determinants. Significant correlations were found between V. anguillarum and V. alginolyticus (r = 0.57) and A. hydrophila and faecal coliforms (r = 0.43). The densities of the Vibrios were highly influenced by temperature and distance from pollution source, while salinity was of minor importance. R2 values for V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus and A. hydrophila of 0.54, 0.51 and 0.40, respectively, indicate that these organisms were superior to faecal coliforms (R2 = 0.21) in characterizing the local conditions. The following levels were used as relevant to characterize an environmental risk: faecal coliforms 1000/100 ml, V. anguillarum 10000/100 ml, V. alginolyticus 500/100 ml and A. hydrophila 500/100 ml. It was found that the position of sampling site, discharge with the current, and uncontrolled outlets influence the frequency of violations. At certain sites coincidence of violations for both faecal and environmental bacteria indicated a simultaneous existence of a faecal and "organic" pollution. At other sampling sites high levels of environmental bacteria only should be considered important to the evaluation of the hygienic quality of the water.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1980

[Hygienic quality of lakes which are used as open-air bath. I. Communication: seasonal variation of total colony count, the number of Escherichia coli and coliforms (author's transl)].

Four lakes situated in the recultivated area of the Rhenish brown-coal district were examined bacteriologically during a period of one year. Total colony count and the number of Escherichia coli and coliforms were determined and compared with the influence of meteorological factors and human and animal impacts.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Hygienic quality of lakes which are used as open-air bath. 2. Communication: Comparison of biochemical typed Escherichia coli strains isolated from lake water and bird excrements (author's transl)].

368 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from lakewaters and bird excrements (mainly black-headed gulls) using mandatory methods for drinking water examination. All strains were further characterized by 43 biochemical physiological and 30 morphological features. Besides the API 30 E Enterobacteriaceae system and the Roche Enterotube system of biochemical testing were used comparatively. The analysis using numerical methods for taxonomy pointed out that a single biotop could be characterized by the small physiological variation of the strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in marine and estuarine bathing areas in Danish coast.

From seventeen sites in three marine and two estuarine bathing areas at the Danish coast water samples were collected during the period from May to November 1979. Total bacterial counts were performed on blood agar. The prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in 100 ml water samples using the filter membrane technique and TCBS agar plates was investigated with the possible correlation to water temperature and salinity. Only five strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated, two from marine and three from estuarine water. V. alginolyticus was isolated in 8.33 and 15.63 per cent, in relation to the total bacterial count/100 ml on TCBS agar, in marine and estuarine water samples, respectively. The maximum was registered in June and July, corresponding with the highest temperatures recorded (12-18 degrees C). V. alginolyticus should be considered a widely distributed bacterium in Danish coastal areas and could be regarded as a bacterial indicator of hygienic and public health importance.

Bathing Beaches↗
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Bathing Beaches↗