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PubMed1985

Incidence of aplastic anemia in metropolitan Baltimore: a population-based study.

Incidence rates for aplastic anemia (AA) so far have been unavailable for defined populations in the United States. A study was carried out in the Baltimore Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) to examine the incidence rates for aplastic anemia from 1970 through 1978. Cases of AA (N = 118) were identified through medical records (N = 77) in SMSA hospitals and death certificates (N = 41). All medical charts were reviewed by an oncologist-hematologist for validation purposes. Among whites, average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per million were higher in males (7.1) than in females (5.4), whereas in nonwhites, females had a higher rate (7.3) than males (4.7). None of the sex differences was statistically significant. Age-specific incidence rates were consistently low in young ages, with an exponential increase after age 40. Examination of time trends did not suggest changes in whites, although in blacks, mainly in males, there was a suggestion of a temporal increase. However, rates in blacks were based on small numbers, and trends were not statistically significant. An inconsistent sex differential, as well as the relative stability of rates over time at least in whites, suggests that although sexes may have different types of exposures, occupational exposures and changes in environmental factors over time cannot entirely explain the occurrence of AA in the population. In addition, the age pattern suggests that future studies should examine etiologic agents separately for the younger and the older subjects with AA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Experience of a sickle cell screening program in Baltimore.

The hemoglobinopathies constitute a major medical problem in the black community of Baltimore. A sickle cell service should be designed to discover, educate, and, if necessary, treat. Screening is sound preventive medicine and may serve to introduce the patient to the concept of continuing medical surveillance. The prevention of serious complications in patients with the more severe types of hemoglobinopathy should be a basic goal in the program.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical hematological and biochemical pattern of three SN Baltimore hemoglobin carriers (author's transl)].

The clinical, hematologic and biochemical study of three children, carriers of the double heterozygotous SN Baltimore hemoglobin from Guadeloupe, have not allowed to detect any typical anomaly and specially no sign of anemia or hemolysis. An iron deficiency of parasitologic origin has only been detected. This absence of pathological symptoms is related to the fact that SN red cells tend to sickle less rapidly than those from persons with sickle cell trait AS.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1995

The association of body weight, body fatness and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of body weight, body fatness, and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS: Bilateral standing knee radiographs, taken between 1985 and 1991, of 465 Caucasian men and 275 Caucasian women subjects aged 40 and above in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were read by one investigator for grade of OA using Kellgren-Lawrence scales. Measures of obesity, assessed at same visit as the last radiograph during this interval, included body mass index, percent body fat, and body fat distribution. RESULTS: Both men and women with definite knee OA had higher age adjusted mean levels of body mass index, while women only had higher age adjusted mean levels of percent body fat. Both women and men in the highest tertile of body mass index had significantly increased odds of both definite and bilateral knee OA; women in the middle and highest tertile of percent body fat had significantly increased odds of both definite and bilateral knee OA, and men in the highest tertile of waist-hip ratio had significantly increased odds of bilateral knee OA. After adjusting for body mass index, however, the association of percent body fat and waist-hip ratio with knee OA in women and men, respectively, was no longer significant. CONCLUSION: These data further extend observations that body weight is associated with both definite and bilateral knee OA in both sexes, and support a stronger contribution of mechanical as opposed to systemic factors to explain this association.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined use of condoms with other contraceptive methods among inner-city Baltimore women.

Data from a street survey conducted among 717 women aged 17-35 in two inner-city Baltimore communities in 1991-1992 indicate that 17% of the entire sample, 38% of women using the pill and 11% of users of methods other than the pill used a condom in addition to another method the last time they had intercourse. Although adolescents reported the highest rate of combined condom and pill use (22% of 17-19-year-olds), condom use was significantly associated with pill use among adult women (odds ratio of 1.57) but not among adolescents (odds ratio of 1.03). Condom use was negatively associated with use of methods such as the diaphragm, the IUD, the implant and the sponge (odds ratio of 0.21) among both adolescents and adults. Logistic regression analyses show that positive attitudes toward safer sex, ever having refused sex without a condom and believing in condom efficacy all significantly predicted use of the condom with another method. Having ever been tested for HIV was negatively related to combined use, while behavioral risk factors showed no association.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Drug discovery, development and deployment: a report from the 28th Joint Conference of the U.S.-Japan Parasitic Diseases Panels, Baltimore, Maryland, July 1993.

The 28th Joint Conference of the Parasitic Diseases Panels of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Sciences Program held in Baltimore, Maryland focused on current research within both countries on antiparasitic chemotherapy. This meeting report summarizes presentations of work in progress on antiparasitic drugs currently in use and drugs under development or in clinical trials, as well as reports on potentially unique parasite characteristics that may provide targets for development of future therapeutics.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Appendicular bone mass and osteoarthritis of the hands in women: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVE: The association of appendicular bone mass with hand osteoarthritis (OA) was studied in 238 Caucasian female participants aged 40 and above in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. METHODS: Bilateral hand radiographs taken between 1978 and 1991 were read for grade of OA using Kellgren-Lawrence scales. Two measures of appendicular bone mass, percent cortical area of the second metacarpal and bone mineral density of the distal radius measured with single photon absorptiometry, were assessed at the same visit. RESULTS: Bivariate analyses showed that increasing grade of hand OA was associated with increasing age and decreasing bone mass as measured by both techniques. After adjustment for age and body mass index, however, neither of these measures of appendicular bone mass remained significantly associated with grade of hand OA. CONCLUSION: Our data fail to support the hypothesis that increased appendicular bone mass is associated with hand OA in women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated multiphasic health testing. Diagnostic and testing results obtained at the Health Evaluation Center. Public Health Service Hospital, Baltimore.

The results of automated multiphasic health testing (AMHT) were evaluated with special attention to diagnoses made by physicians and to false positive results, as well as to laboratory test results. The study population consisted of 1,157 patients at the Health Evaluation Center of the Public Health Service Hospital in Baltimore. Although 95 percent of the patients had at least one newly diagnosed disease or condition., the percentage dropped to 78 percent when dental abnormalities were excluded and to 70 percent when dental, vision, and hearing abnormalities were excluded. Abnormal laboratory test results were observed for 98 percent of the patients, and 36 percent had at least one false positive test result. The study results indicated that AMHT is a highly productive method for comprehensive medical testing with a variety of uses other than mass screening. The productive diagnostic yield combined witha high percentage of false positive results dictate the need for careful planning for followup care, strict attention to quality control, and excellent communication between the AMHT center and the practicing physician.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment work simulator: energy expenditure of work activities in cardiac patients.

The energy expenditure and hemodynamic responses to tasks performed on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator were evaluated in men with coronary artery disease and compared to tasks performed at a laboratory workstation in which actual tools and equipment were used. Met units for the BTE work simulator and corresponding workstation tasks, respectively, were drill press operation, 1.5 +/- 0.1 and 1.5 +/- 0.3Mets; hammering, 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 3.4 +/- 0.8Mets (p < 0.05); repetitive lifting a 22.7kg weight load, 3.8 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.9Mets (p < 0.05); mechanic work in a supine position, 2.0 +/- 0.5 and 1.7 +/- 0.2Mets; sanding wood, 2.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.7Mets; sawing wood, 3.2 +/- 0.6 and 4.3 +/- 0.7Mets (p < 0.05); screwdriving, 2.2 +/- 0.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.5Mets (p < 0.05); shoveling, 5.45kg load 4.6 +/- 1.0 and 4.2 +/- 0.7Mets; sweeping, 1.7 +/- 0.2 and 3.0 +/- 0.4Mets (p < 0.05); and vacuuming, 2.7 +/- 0.7 and 2.9 +/- 0.5Mets. The results indicate that there is a tendency for the metabolic and hemodynamic responses to BTE work simulator tasks to be lower than that of the actual activity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of a measles outbreak in an elementary school. Baltimore County, Md. 1975.

Between April 18 and May 20, 1975, 16 cases of measles occurred in pupils in an elementary school in Baltimore County, Md., and 1 case occurred in a sibling at a junior high school. Measles was serologically confirmed in 16 of these pupils. Attack rates were determined by grade and by vaccine status. The measles attack rate was 2.1 percent for the 377 children who had been given measles vaccine at 1 year of age or later. The rates were 27.8 percent (13 times higher) for those vaccinated at less than 10 months of age and 20.0 percent (10 times higher) for those with no definite history of vaccine. The higher attack rates for children who were vaccinated only before 10 months of age supports the 1972 recommendation of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices that children vaccinated before this age need to be revaccinated with live measles virus vaccine to assure full protection. The finding that 2 of 10 children with a history of measles became ill during the outbreak suggests that such histories are not a totally reliable indicator of immunity. Containment of the outbreak was attributed to the high level of immunity in the community and prompt initiation of control measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Axial and hip bone mineral density and radiographic changes of osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between axial and hip bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographic changes of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: BMD of the lumbar spine and/or right hip was measured, using dual photon absorptiometry, in 402 men and 247 women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who had bilateral standing knee radiographs taken between 1984 and 1991. Radiographs were read for features of OA using Kellgren-Lawrence and reliable individual feature scales. The relationship between BMD and radiographic changes of OA was examined using multiple linear regression adjusting for age, body mass index, and smoking. Additional analyses with adjustment for menopausal status and estrogen replacement therapy were performed in a subset of women. RESULTS: Adjusted mean lumbar spine BMD was higher in subjects with knee osteophytes in both sexes: 1.23 +/- 0.02 vs 1.18 +/- 0.01 g/cm2 (p = 0.02) in men, and 1.12 +/- 0.02 vs 1.08 +/- 0.01 g/cm2 (p = 0.07) in women. There were no differences in levels of adjusted hip BMD by presence of any radiographic features of OA in either men or women. CONCLUSION: These results show that both men and women with radiographic changes of knee OA, specifically osteophytosis, have higher levels of adjusted spine but not hip BMD.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Metabolic correlates of obesity and radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between metabolic correlates of obesity and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: We included 464 Caucasian men and 275 Caucasian women aged 40 years and above who were participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Subjects had bilateral anteroposterior standing knee radiographs read for features of OA using Kellgren-Lawrence scales. Resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test, and anthropometric measurements were obtained at the same visit as the knee radiograph. Metabolic correlates of obesity were compared between subjects with Kellgren-Lawrence grade > or = 2 (definite knee OA) and grade 0 (normal radiograph) by sex. RESULTS: Both men and women with knee OA had higher unadjusted systolic blood pressure than those with normal knee radiographs; unadjusted measures of glucose metabolism and lipids did not vary by presence of knee OA in men or women. After adjustment for age and obesity, systolic blood pressure did not vary by presence of knee OA in men. While women with knee OA did have higher adjusted mean systolic blood pressure than women with normal radiographs (127 +/- 2.4 vs 120 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; p = 0.04), both values were within normal range. Unexpectedly, men with knee OA had lower adjusted mean 2 h glucose levels compared to men without OA (7.5 +/- 0.2 vs 8.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; p = 0.01). Other adjusted variables did not differ by presence of knee OA. CONCLUSION: These data do not support the hypothesis that metabolic correlates of obesity are independently associated with radiographic knee OA after adjustment for age and obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Paternal exposures and cardiovascular malformations. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group.

Possible associations between paternal exposures and cardiovascular malformations were evaluated in the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, a population based case-control investigation of congenital heart disease and environmental factors. Home interviews of case and control parents elicited information on parental home and occupational exposures. Analysis focused on twelve cardiac diagnostic groups and paternal exposures incurred during the six months preceding the pregnancy. Associations were identified between jewelry making and atrial septal defect (Odds ratio: 12.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.3-68.6) and membranous ventricular septal defect (8.1; 2.0-33.3), welding and endocardial cushion defect with Down syndrome (1.8; 1.1-3.0), lead soldering and pulmonary atresia (2.3; 1.1-4.9) and ionizing radiation and endocardial cushion defect without Down syndrome (4.7; 1.7-12.6). Ionizing radiation was found to be associated with endocardial cushion defect with Down syndrome only when father was present at interview (5.6; 1.7-17.9); a similar effect of father at interview was noted for paint stripping in relation to coarctation of the aorta (3.5; 1.5-8.0) and muscular ventricular septal defect (3.5; 1.5-8.5). Also, paint stripping was associated with hypoplastic left heart only in the presence of family history of cardiac defects (11.9; 2.4-60.0). This large study on cardiac diagnostic groups and specific preconceptional exposures provides new leads for further assessment of the role of paternal exposures on adverse pregnancy outcome.

Adult↗