Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bacteriuria”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Evaluation of a new sensitive nitrite test as a reliable screening tool for bacteriuria.

A new sensitive nitrite test, the SRN test, was evaluated for its suitability as a reliable screening technique for the detection of bacteriuria. The SRN test was compared to a currently available nitrite test, the Microstix nitrite test, and the results obtained with both nitrite tests were assessed in comparison with the results of the quantitative culture method. Of 158 cases of significant bacteriuria found among 1060 randomly collected specimens, the SRN test detected 90% and the Microstix nitrite test, 30%. The higher reliability of the SRN test reflects its high capability of nitrite detection (greater than or equal to 0.1 ppm), and its ability to overcome interference by various factors, such as dark colour of the urine, presence of phenazopyridine, urobilinogen, blood, high concentration of ascorbate, and high urinary pH, all of which do interfere with the Microstix nitrite test. The high sensitivity of the SRN test allows detection of bacteriuria in urine specimens collected at random throughout the day; the test is therefore not restricted to the use of first-morning samples as are other nitrite tests. Since the SRN test was found to give a quantitative indication of the size of the bacterial population, the possibility of its use as an exact quantitative test under controlled conditions its discussed.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1984

Rapid screening for bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer.

Detection of significant bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer was evaluated in this study and compared with the results obtained by the quantitative loop method. We screened 1002 urine specimens and 220 (21.95%) were found to be positive at greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of urine by the standard method. Of the 220 positive specimens, 210 (95.4%) were detected in 6 h or less and 177 (80.4%) were detected within 3 h. The false-positive rate was 2.3% at 3 h and 19.7% at 6 h. These findings suggest that a 6-h procedure is necessary to detect 95% or more of significant bacteriuria. Laser nephelometer is versatile and can be used for rapid screening of bacteriuria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Antibiotics and nephrostomy tube care: preliminary observations. Part I. Bacteriuria.

The authors sought to establish whether bacteriuria or candiduria would develop in patients with a noninfected, obstructed renal collecting system after placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube. Tubes were placed in 27 sterile systems in 25 patients. Urine was cultured at 7-10-day intervals, and urinalysis was performed. Bacteriuria and pyuria were defined on the basis of laboratory values of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter and greater than or equal to five white blood cells per high-powered field, respectively. Twenty-two systems were followed until all demonstrated multiple organisms. No clinical symptoms were related to bacteriuria.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with diabetes mellitus. To treat or not to treat?].

Women with diabetes mellitus suffer symptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary infections more often than non-diabetic women. Prevalence is similar, however, in males with and without diabetes. There is a controversy on the impact of asymptomatic bacteriuria on the development of complications in diabetic patients. Current evidence is reviewed concerning the need for detection and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in these patients.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1986

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in health and glomerulonephropathies.

In a comparative study of prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a Thai population, 1.4% of 955 apparently healthy adults (12 female and 1 male) were found to have positive urine culture. Of these, 6 individuals grew staphylococcal coagulase-negative, 3 grew E. coli, and the rest grew various other organisms. Among 176 patients with glomerulonephropathies (GNP), 20.5% (17 male and 16 female) yielded positive urine cultures. These included 18 positive for E. coli, 3 for staphylococcal coagulase-negative, 5 for Klebsiella and 3 for Enterobacter; the rest grew various other organisms. There was a higher overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in GNP when compared to the controls. Heavy proteinuria is also a predisposing factor for an increase in the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in female GNP only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin versus a 4-day course of 3 doses 750 mg amoxicillin.

A prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Patients in group A received a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin, which was compared to a 4-day course of 3 X 750 mg amoxicillin tablets taken every 8 h (group B). Significant bacteriuria (CFU greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml clean catch midstream urine and CFU greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml urine obtained by bladder catheterization) was diagnosed using the dip-slide method (Uricult). 91 pregnant women with a mean gestational age of 25 weeks (14-38) were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. 53 patients were assigned to group A and 38 patients to group B. The treatment groups were comparable in terms of age and duration of pregnancy. Urine culture tests were performed 1 and 4 weeks after completion of therapy. The predominant species was Escherichia coli, which was isolated in 60-65% of the cases. Bacteriological cure rates at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively, were 77 and 74% in group A, and 62 and 62% in group B. These differences were statistically not significant. The incidence of side effects was 4% in group A and 13% in group B. The results obtained in the present study suggest that in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin is as effective and acceptable as a 4-day course. In addition, the single-dose regimen offers the advantage of a reduction in total dose, lower costs and better patient compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Refinements in the coating of urethral catheters reduces the incidence of catheter-associated bacteriuria. An experimental and clinical study.

The tendency to develop bacteriuria during the use of various forms of indwelling catheters was evaluated in a randomized trial in 90 patients. A silver alloy and hydrogel-coated Foley catheter (SHC) was compared to a non-coated catheter (NC) and a catheter coated only with hydrogel (HC). Three patients (10%) with SHC catheters, 10 (33%) patients with HC catheters, and 15 (50%) patients with NC catheters developed bacteriuria (greater than 10(5) organisms/ml). The difference in the rate of bacteriuria after 5 days of catheterization was statistically significant between the SHC catheter and the NC catheter (p less than 0.002). There was no significant difference between the SHC catheter and the HC catheter, nor was there a significant difference between the HC catheter and the NC catheter. The toxic effects, as estimated by the IC50 value, of the urinary catheter material used was elucidated in an experimental fibroblast model. The IC50 value for the NC catheter was 33.9%, HC catheter 72.2% and for the SHC catheter 98.1%.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1985

Role of hemorrhoids in the pathogenesis of recurrent bacteriuria with a new approach for treatment.

A new approach for the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent bacteriuria is presented. Ten patients with recurrent bacteriuria were studied. Episodes started 3-8 years prior to presentation. Different antimicrobial therapy and surgical procedures had no influence on the recurrence of infection. Urinary tract investigations were normal except for bladder neck and urethral congestion in all patients. Urine cultures identified Escherichia coli in all episodes of each individual and were identical to those of anal flora. All patients had hemorrhoids and 3 had chronic cervicitis. An etiological concept for recurrent bacteriuria is put forward. Hemorrhoids are considered to be the source of recurrent infection, the E. coli being transmitted to the genitourinary organs through the rectogenital veins. Treatment of hemorrhoids and rectogenital vein obliteration resulted in the disappearance of bacteriuric episodes during a follow up period of 1.5-6 years. Urine cultures remained free. Chronic cervicitis is cured.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Management of bacteriuria in pregnancy.

Bacteriuria of pregnancy is a common condition which, although usually asymptomatic, may give rise to potentially serious sequelae. All pregnant women should therefore be screened for the presence of bacteriuria, which if detected should be treated with an antimicrobial agent believed to be safe for use in pregnancy. Appropriate antimicrobial drugs include penicillins, cephalosporins and nitrofurantoin. Nalidixic acid, aminoglycosides and sulphonamides may be used under certain circumstances and with some precautions. Tetracyclines, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) should be avoided. There is some evidence that short-course therapy in pregnant women is less effective than longer courses, and we continue to recommend a 7-day course. Follow-up after completing a treatment course is an essential part of managing bacteriuria of pregnancy.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial adhesion as an indicator of renal involvement in bacteriuria of pregnancy.

The association of bacterial virulence with the host response to bacteriuria was evaluated in 70 pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis or bacteriuria detected at screening. Patients infected with Escherichia coli attaching to Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta-containing receptors, had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and lower renal concentrating capacity than patients infected with strains lacking this specificity. The renal concentrating capacity ranged from 419-1151 mOsm/kg in the women with bacteriuria on screening. 5/11 women with a renal concentrating capacity less than or equal to 784 mOsm/kg were infected with Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta-specific bacteria, compared to 0/16 of patients who concentrated the urine greater than 784 mOsm/kg. According to earlier studies the risk for progression to pyelonephritis and recurrences during pregnancy was increased in bacteriuric women with a reduced renal concentrating capacity. The present study demonstrates that this risk group can be identified in part by the properties of the infecting E. coli strains.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1991

Long term survival after transurethral resection of the prostate. Influence of preoperative bacteriuria and indwelling catheter treatment on late mortality.

In this report we have analysed the long term survival after transurethral resection of the prostate in patients with cancer and benign hyperplasia, with special reference to the effect of bacteriuria. One hundred and eighty-nine men were followed for seven years after operation. Life tables according to the Kaplan-Meier method indicated a decreased survival rate for patients with preoperative catheter treatment and/or bacteriuria (p = 0.004 and p = 0.013, respectively). In order to evaluate the influence on the long-term survival of each of these factors alone as well as of other factors like diagnosis, age at operation and perioperative antibiotic treatment, a multivariate analysis, according to Cox proportional hazards method was made. This displayed a two-fold increase of mortality in the patients attributed to the catheter treatment per se, whereas bacteriuria alone was not associated with an increased risk of earlier death.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Young women with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Prevalence and diagnosis of chlamydial infection and evaluation of rapid screening of bacteriuria.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chlamydial infection among young women with UTI symptoms. To evaluate chlamydia diagnostics with the aid of enzyme immuno assay (EIA) on first-void urine. To evaluate rapid screening of bacteriuria, including low concentrations of common pathogens. DESIGN: EIA for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen and confirmation with immunofluorescence test (DFA) in urine, cervical and urethral chlamydia culture, nitrite and granulocyte esterase test, urine sediment, chamber count, dipslide and conventional urine culture were performed. SETTING: Primary health care (PHC). PATIENTS: 217 women aged 15-35 years attending PHC for dysuria or urgency-frequency. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of chlamydial infections. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of EIA and bacteriuria screening tests, respectively. RESULTS: The frequency of chlamydial infection was 3.7%. In spite of a high specificity of the EIA test (0.94 without DFA) the number of false positives exceeded the number of true positives. No single bacteriuria test showed sufficient diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Routine chlamydia testing in young women with UTI symptoms is recommended. EIA test on urine is of little use. Assessing diagnosis of UTI symptoms requires insight into the use of several rapid tests and a dialogue with the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Significance of polymicrobic bacteriuria in a teaching hospital in Trinidad.

OBJECTIVE: To compare microbial prevalence (mixed versus pure), define microbial combination in mixed urine cultures among inpatients and outpatients and to identify factors that might allow a more objective interpretation of polymicrobic urine cultures. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: The study involved inpatients (hospitalized) and outpatients (those attending outpatient clinics and the accident and emergency department) of the San Fernando General Hospital in southern Trinidad. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence rates of bacterial isolates in mixed and pure cultures of urine specimens were determined using standard techniques and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methodology. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that of 5,089 urine specimens, 1,491 (29.3%) yielded positive cultures. Of these positive cultures, 524 (35.1%) revealed significant polymicrobic bacteriuria. Eighty five percent yielded two organisms, 13.2% had three organisms and 1.8% had four organisms. Repeat cultures in 157 patients revealed the same organisms in only 57.3% of them. Almost all of the repeat cultures were from patients with in-dwelling Foley catheters. E. coli was the most common single isolate (42.8%), while Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus organisms were most often encountered in mixed cultures. All isolates were relatively sensitive to routinely used antibiotics for urinary pathogens. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of polymicrobic bacteriuria at our institution was 10.2%. More than 65% of positive cultures were from patients with Foley catheters on open drainage (inpatients) and closed drainage (outpatients). Most were men with out-flow obstruction who either refused surgery, were unfit for surgery, or had to wait long periods to be booked for surgery. No cases developed bacteremia secondary to bacteriuria. All urinary isolates were susceptible to routinely used antimicrobial agents.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriuria in the catheterized patient. Cystitis or pyelonephritis?

Seventy-two patients with indwelling urethral catheters had urine specimens cultured to detect bacteriuria. Bacterial sediments were examined to find the source of the bacteria, with use of an antibody immunofluorescence (IF) technique. Antibody coating demonstrated by fluorescence was considered evidence for pyelonephritis. In cystitis, the bacteria did not fluoresce. Repeat culture and immunofluorescence studies were done 3 to 18 week later. One third of the patients had a urinary infection. Two (13%) of the patients catheterized for one day and 17 (55%) catheterized four or more days had appreciable bacteriuria. One patient catheterized less than three days had positive IF, while 5 patients (16%) catheterized four or more days had positive IF. Only two of the ten patients observed, with an initial infection, had sterile urine on follow-up culture. On follow-up study, of the four patients with bacteriuria of renal origin, one showed a sterile urine, two had cystitis, and one still had pyelonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Which antibiotics are appropriate for treating bacteriuria in pregnancy?

Bacteriuria in pregnancy, with or without clinical symptoms, is frequent. If left untreated, it can in 20-30% of cases lead to acute pyelonephritis, which is a serious threat to the mother and fetus, increasing the risk of preterm labour and low birthweight infants. This paper is a review of the literature concerning antibacterial treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy. It is crucial to ensure that drugs to be used in pregnancy are safe and effective. Established first-line drugs such as ampicillin (pivampicillin) and amoxycillin, and other commonly used treatments such as trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, are associated with a high degree of resistance in Escherichia coli, the most common pathogen in the urinary tract. A recent survey of physicians in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden confirms that beta-lactam antibiotics (particularly pivmecillinam) and nitrofurantoin are the drugs of first choice in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy in the Nordic countries. No teratogenic effects have been associated with these agents. In contrast to nitrofurantoin, pivmecillinam is also efficient against pyelonephritis. In spite of resistance in E. coli and possible adverse effects on the fetus, many physicians still prescribe sulphonamides during the first two trimesters of pregnancy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

A novel, convenient, multiple test system for detection of bacteriuria.

A novel, convenient, multiple test system for the detection of bacteriuria is described and evaluated. The system consists of a small plastic strip with three dry reagent areas. One rapidly detects the presence of nitrite in urine and the remaining two quantitate total and gram-negative bacterial urine population after 18 to 24 hours of incubation. Quantitative accuracy was evaluated in two blind studies. In the first, known concentrations of 18 different organisms were compared and in the second, unknown concentrations of 218 randomly collected urine specimens were quantitated by both the calibrated loop streak method the new system. Overall correlation was 96 per cent for growth reagent areas. The nitrite area detected 84 per cent of the urines positive for bacteriuria. The advantages of the system over conventional bacteriuria detection systems are described.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed2002

Uricult trio as a screening test for bacteriuria in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the effectiveness in an indigent urban population of Uricult Trio as a screening test for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy and in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in symptomatic pregnant women. Likelihood ratios were established for positive and negative Uricult Trio test results. SUBJECTS: Two populations of patients from the Pretoria region were involved: (i) asymptomatic pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for the first time or presenting in labour; and (ii) pregnant women with symptoms suggestive of UTI. METHOD: A midstream urine specimen was collected from the two populations of patients, plated onto the Uricult Trio and sent to the laboratory for culture. RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in this population was 23%, and for women with symptoms suggestive of UTI, 29%. The likelihood ratios for a positive test were 1.8 and 1.5 for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients respectively. The likelihood ratios for a negative test were 0.35 and 0.44 for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients respectively. Escherichia coli was the causative agent in 36% of cases. CONCLUSION: Uricult Trio is not effective as a screening test for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy or for diagnosing UTIs in women with symptoms suggestive of infection.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed2003

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women].

BACKGROUND: We wanted to determine the usefulness of chemical dipstick tests and office culture in diagnosing asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in general practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dipstick and office urine culture were compared with standard culture results from a microbiology laboratory. The comparison was based on 294 urine samples obtained from pregnant women in a standard general practice setting. RESULTS: Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 16 out of 294 urine samples. The sensitivity of dipstick tests was less than 30%. The positive predictive value was 100% for the nitrite test and 40% for office culture. INTERPRETATION: Standard urine culture is the only way to diagnose asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Bacteriological Techniques↗