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PubMed1998

Studying and teaching the history of medicine in Greece: the National University of Athens experience (1837-1997).

In medical education, little interest is shown in medical history. However, the history of medicine is one vital pathway to the proper study of the evolution of medicine, from ancient to modern times, and it should be a requisite of the medical curriculum. The value of medical history in the understanding of the present and in creating the medicine of the future, is enormous. Our experience has indicated that medical students and younger physicians who ignore the mistakes of their forefathers are destined to repeat them. Furthermore, the history of medicine is needed not only to broaden the students' horizon, it is also necessary in order to prevent the physicians of the 21st century from becoming dehumanized by their bio-technological training. The history of medicine, therefore, is the best antidote to overconcentration on, and overspecification in medical technology and it is the most useful stimulus to more humane professional behaviour and optimal medical education. The new history of medicine does not consist only of the accumulation of dates, events and names; it is a discipline needed for life and action. Tomorrow's historians will view the last years of the second millennium as an eventful and critical period for the medical education of the future.

Education, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes induced by morphine administration in the hypothalmic neurosecretory system of the spotted owlet, Athene brama Temminick.

The effect of chronic administration of morphine, in gradually increasing doses, on the histology of the HNS of the spotted owlet was investigated. Administration of morphine in low doses (0.25-0.75 mg/day), for 9 days, induced marked depletion of NSM from all regions of the HNS, except the zona externa of the AME. Maximum depletion of NSM was noticed in the HNS of birds treated with morphine for 9 days. Beyond the 9th day, the HNS did not exhibit further depletion of its NSM. Administration of morphine in high doses (1.5-4 mg/day), for 18 days, did not cause depletion of NSM from the HNS. On the other hand there was noticeable increase of the NSM in the HNS over that of the controls. The histological changes in the HNS induced by low doses of morphine are comparable to the changes induced by hypertonic saline administration and are presumably indicative of augmented secretion of the ADH. The accumulation of NSM in the HNS of birds receiving high doses of morphine suggests a decrease in neurohypophysial activity. The results therefore indicate that the effect of morphine on the HNS of the spotted owlet is dose-dependent. The mechanism of action of morphine on the neurohypophysis is briefly discussed.

Animals↗