Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Aseptic sampling”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Dynamics in serum of the inflammatory markers serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen and alpha2-globulins during induced noninfectious arthritis in the horse.

Despite the importance of noninfectious joint diseases in equine medicine, little is known about the acute phase response which may be elicited if the local inflammatory process of noninfectious arthritis is sufficiently strong, Therefore the aim of this study was to monitor the systemic inflammatory response during experimentally-induced noninfectious arthritis by studying the dynamics in serum of the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen and alpha2-globulins. Twenty-four Standardbred horses, age 3-7 years, found healthy on thorough clinical, radiological, haematological and serum biochemical examination, were injected aseptically into the right midcarpal joint with amphotericin B. Blood samples were drawn before induction of arthritis (0 h), and at 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h postinduction and then on Days 3, 4, 5 and 15 postinduction. All horses developed lameness with joint effusion and joint heat as well as increased respiratory rate, heart rate and body temperature. The lameness started to decline after 24-36 h and, in most animals, systemic signs disappeared on Day 2 postinjection. The concentration of the acute phase proteins increased following induction of arthritis. The SAA concentrations were higher than baseline concentrations from 16 h postinduction and were maximal at 36-48 h (227 times baseline concentration). The haptoglobin concentrations were higher than baseline concentrations from 24 h and were maximal at 48-96 h (1.14 times baseline concentration). The maximal concentrations of fibrinogen were seen between 36-72 h postinjection and increased on average 0.87 times from baseline concentrations. The fibrinogen concentrations were higher than baseline concentrations from 24 h postinjection. Alpha2-globulins concentrations showed a minor increase and increased 0.55 times from baseline concentrations. The markers had returned to baseline concentrations by Day 15. Our results demonstrate that amphotericin B-induced arthritis in a single joint gives rise to a systemic acute phase response measurable as increased concentrations in serum SAA, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and alpha2-globulins during the first 2 weeks of the condition and, thereby, that such an increase need not be indicative of infectious arthritis. Further research should be aimed at determining whether chronic noninfectious arthritis in the horse gives rise to increased acute phase protein concentrations in serum.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Herpesvirus sylvilagus in cottontail rabbits: evidence of shedding but not transplacental transmission.

Herpesvirus sylvilagus was inoculated into five cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) at various stages of pregnancy; they subsequently had litters in the laboratory. Three other cottontails chronically infected with the virus were bred and bore young in large outdoor pens. Thirty-four living neonates and dead fetuses were weighed, measured and aseptically necropsied. A total of 31 liver, spleen and kidney samples, 16 lymph node, 28 heart and 10 brain samples were collected and processed for inoculation into rabbit kidney cell cultures to attempt virus isolation. Virus was not detected in the 147 tissue samples tested. Pre-conception viremias ranged from 10-21 plaque-forming units per 0.5 ml. Virus isolation was attempted from 26 oral and lacrymal, 23 genital, nine urine and fecal, and four milk and male ejaculate samples from eight infected rabbits. Virus was recovered from two salivary samples from the same rabbit. Triamcinolone acetonide administered daily for four days to five rabbits did not stimulate excretion of virus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Standards, options and recommendations for good practice in hemoculture in cancerology].

Excepting emergency and aplasia: two to three blood samples should be draw for culture an hour apart within a 24 period (standard). For emergency or aplasia: two to three blood samples should be drawn for culture before initiating early antibiotic therapy. The delay between samples drawn from different sites should be less than one hour (standard). For patients on antibiotics: four to six blood samples should be drawn for culture within 48 hours, outside ongoing antibiotic administration. If the patient is given corticosteroids, it is recommended to draw two or three blood samples in case of deterioration (agreement of the experts). Rigorous aseptic techniques must be used (standard). Culture media are chosen according to the institution's microbial ecology (standard). The volume of blood drawn should be adapted to the system used (standard). Culture positivity is determined at 24 to 48 hours.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1999

[The time course and tissue distribution of endotoxin in rats after thermal injury].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the time course and tissue distribution of endotoxin, and to evaluate the potential role of local endotoxin in mediating multiple organ damage following burns. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to a 35 percent full-thickness scald injury. They were grouped according to time of sacrifice: no burn, and 12, 24, 48, 72 hours postburn. Tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, lungs and intestine were aseptically harvested to determine tissue endotoxin levels. In addition, blood samples were obtained for measurement of organ function parameters. RESULTS: It was found that endotoxin levels in liver, spleen and lungs increased markedly after thermal injury, with the highest level in liver. Meanwhile, serum GPT, GOT, CK-MB levels, and pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) activities markedly elevated after scald injury, reaching a maximum between 12 and 24 hours. Intestinal diamine oxidase(DAO) activities tended to decrease at various time points postburn. In addition, there were highly positive correlations between pulmonary endotoxin levels and MPO activities, and also between renal endotoxin levels and serum Cr values. CONCLUSION: Burn injury per se can result in gut-derived endotoxin translocation which is mainly distributed to the liver, spleen and lungs. Endotoxin accumulated in local sites may play an important role in mediating multiple organ damage secondary to major burns.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the effects of intra-articular injection of dimethylsulfoxide on normal equine articular tissues.

To evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on normal equine articular structures, 7 adult horses with clinically normal carpi were allotted to 2 treatment groups (group A, n = 4; group B, n = 3). In each horse after collection of synovial fluid samples, the right antebrachial carpal and middle carpal joints were aseptically injected with 2 ml of a 40% solution of 90% medical grade DMSO in lactated Ringer solution, and the corresponding joints of the left forelimb (controls) were injected with 2 ml of lactated Ringer solution. In group-A horses, 2 ml of synovial fluid was obtained prior to injections of 40% DMSO at 24 hours and 72 hours, for a total of 3 injections. At necropsy, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage specimens were obtained. Group-B horses were injected with 40% DMSO in the same sequence; however, the series was repeated following a 1-week interval. Clinical evaluation of these horses revealed no evidence of carpal inflammation associated with any injection in any group. Synovial fluid analysis of DMSO-injected and control joints revealed insignificant differences in leukocyte counts and total protein content. There was no evidence of cartilage degradation on gross, histologic, or histochemical evaluation of any of the joints. Intercellular matrix staining of the articular cartilage failed to reveal any observable difference in glycosaminoglycan content between injection with DMSO or lactated Ringer solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Cotton roll or rubber dam in endodontic treatment?].

In a clinical-microbiological study of the bacterial flora on deep areas of carious dentine in deciduous and permanent human teeth the aseptic rubber dam technique was given preference to remove successive samples of dentine from the cavity floors. The application of the rubber dam made it possible to establish and maintain a surgically clean field of operation and were an effective safeguard against contamination through seepage of saliva.

Dentistry, Operative↗
PubMed1985

[Localization of carbohydrate component in human synovial lining cells with fluorescent lectins and enzyme digestion].

FITC-conjugated lectins, Con-A, DBA, GS-I, GS-II, PNA, MPA, RCA-I, SBA, UEA-I, WGA were used for demonstration of lectin bindings of human synovial lining cells, obtained from the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), aseptic necrosis (AN), and traumatic injury (TI). In the RA samples, GS-I binding to the cytoplasmic sites was predominantly noted and moderate SBA and MPA bindings were observed. However, PNA was not significant. In the OA samples, predominant binding was found in GS-I and SBA lectins, moderate binding in MPA and PNA. In the AN samples, binding was predominant in MPA, moderate in GS-I, SBA and PNA. After neuraminidase treatment the intensity of fluorescence increased significantly with PNA and moderately with SBA in the RA samples. These results suggested that the inflammatory lining cells produce galactose group and the content of neuraminic acids in the synovial membranes of the RA appears to be greater than in those of other diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of influential factors of suspended bacteria in air in operating rooms].

In order to control the air borne bacterial contamination of operation in operating rooms, we designed to do air sampling with FA-1 suspending air bacterial particle sampling kits. Samples were from purified operating rooms and nonpurified operating rooms, aseptic operation and contaminated operation. Data were collected in 7 different stages and 3 different altitudes. Data were statistically analysed by means of logistic linear model. The results help us understand the influencing factors of air contamination. Strategies of control of those factors were discussed.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of sensory, microbiological, and biochemical parameters of microwave versus indirect UHT fluid skim milk during storage.

Shelf-stable milk could benefit from sensory quality improvement. Current methods of heating cause flavor and nutrient degradation through exposure to overheated thermal exchange surfaces. Rapid heating with microwaves followed by sudden cooling could reduce or eliminate this problem. The objectives for this study were focused on designing and implementing continuous microwave thermal processing of skim fluid milks (white and chocolate) to compare sensory, microbiological, and biochemical parameters with conventionally prepared, indirect UHT milks. All test products were aseptically packaged and stored at ambient temperature for 12 mo. Every 3 mo, samples were taken for microbiological testing, reactive sulfhydryl determinations, active enzyme analysis, instrumental viscosity readings, color measurements, and descriptive sensory evaluation. Microbiological plate counts were negative on all milks at each time point. Enzymatic assays showed that plasmin was inactivated by both heat treatments. 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) analysis, a measure of reactive sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups, showed that the initial thiol content was not significantly different between the microwave-processed and UHT-treated milks. However, both heating methods resulted in an increased thiol level compared with conventionally pasteurized milk samples due to the higher temperatures attained. Sulfhydryl oxidase, a milk enzyme that catalyzes disulfide bond formation using a variety of protein substrates, retained activity following microwave processing, and decreased during storage. Viscosity values were essentially equivalent in microwave- and UHT-heated white skim milks. Sensory analyses established that UHT-treated milks were visibly darker, and exhibited higher caramelized and stale/fatty flavors with increased astringency compared with the microwave samples. Sweet aromatic flavor and sweet taste decreased during storage in both UHT and microwave milk products, whereas stale/fatty flavors increased over time. Sensory effects were more apparent in white milks than in chocolate varieties. These studies suggest that microwave technology may provide a useful alternative processing method for delivery of aseptic milk products that retain a long shelf life.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors conserve TNF bioactivity in meningitis patient spinal fluid.

The content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antigen and the bioactivity of soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF-RII) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 29 patients with meningeal symptoms and fever were examined. Immunoreactive TNF was demonstrated in CSF from 4 of 7 patients with bacterial meningitis. In 3 of 8 patients with aseptic meningitis, CSF also contained TNF, but TNF bioactivity was confined to samples from patients with bacterial meningitis. Bioactive TNF was exclusively in high-performance liquid chromatography fractions containing 30- to 60-kDa proteins. Lipopolysaccharide induced down-regulation, possibly after shedding of granulocyte surface membrane TNF-RII. Consistently, there was a statistically significant correlation between sTNF-RII and CSF leukocyte counts. Bioactive TNF was found only in CSF containing >1 ng of sTNF-RII/mL; samples without TNF bioactivity contained less sTNF-RII. Thus, a stabilizing effect of sTNF-RII on the oligomeric cytokine in vivo is plausible.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1998

Evidence that aminoguanidine inhibits endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation.

BACKGROUND: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation was investigated by using its specific blocker aminoguanidine in 46 albino mice (25-35 g) allocated into four groups. METHODS: The first group received intraperitoneal saline (control; 0.9 per cent w v(-1) sodium chloride 1 ml kg(-1); n=6), the second group intraperitoneal endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 055:B5 20 mg kg(-1); n=19), the third group intraperitoneal aminoguanidine (20 mg kg(-1), 20 min before and 12 h after saline; n=6) and the fourth group both endotoxin and aminoguanidine intraperitoneally (n=15). Some 24 h later, the animals were anaesthetized with ether and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture together with mesenteric lymph node (MLN), spleen and liver specimens under aseptic conditions. Specimens were then cultured to determine the presence of colony-forming units as an index of bacterial translocation. RESULTS: No bacterial growth was detected in samples from the first and third groups. Colony-forming bacteria were found in ten of 14 MLN samples, eight of 14 spleens, four of 14 livers and three of 14 peripheral blood samples in the second group, with E. coli being the predominant pathogen. In contrast, in the fourth group, colony-forming bacteria were found in only three of 14 MLN samples (P=0.02 versus the second group), three of 14 spleens and one of 14 liver specimens. None of the values in the fourth group was significantly different from those in the saline control group. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of iNOS during endotoxaemia by its specific blocker aminoguanidine attenuates the incidence of bacterial translocation in mice. These results may be exploited clinically for the prophylaxis and treatment of septic states.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Early diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis by detection of specific IgM antibodies with a solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) and mu-capture EIA.

A solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) and a mu-capture enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) for detection of enterovirus-specific IgM antibodies were evaluated for enterovirus diagnosis of aseptic meningitis in 160 consecutive patients from whom enterovirus (11 different serotypes) were isolated in 64. In patients with an enterovirus isolate and/or four-fold titre rise in the complement fixation test (CFT) for enterovirus, specific enterovirus IgM antibodies were detected on the day of admission to hospital in 48% by SPRIST and in 50% by EIA and 4-6 days after onset of symptoms in 71% by SPRIST and 79% by EIA. A significant increase in titre was observed between serum sampled on the day of admission and 2 days later in 38% by SPRIST and in 41% by EIA. These results indicate that the IgM antibody response appears early in the course of aseptic meningitis. Since both SPRIST and EIA provide rapid results the tests may be of differential diagnostic value and the IgM antibody kinetics may be utilized for diagnosis during the acute phase of aseptic meningitis. With optimized serum sampling the positive outcome was 76% in SPRIST and 82% in EIA among patients with positive virus isolation and/or CFT for enterovirus. In 67 patients virus isolation and CFT for enterovirus yielded negative results as well as all non-enteroviral diagnostic tests. Thirty-eight of these patients were positive by SPRIST and/or EIA and in half of these 38 a significant titre rise and/or fall in SPRIST and/or EIA was recorded. The majority of these IgM-positive patients became ill in the late summer or autumn, i.e., the "enterovirus season."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Genetic susceptibility to hip arthroplasty failure--association with the RANK/OPG pathway.

The OPG/RANK/RANKL system has been implicated in the biological cascade of events initiated by particulate wear debris and bacterial infection resulting in periprosthetic bone loss around total hip arthroplasties (THA). Individual responses to such stimuli may be dictated by genetic variation caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Case control study of the osteoprotegerin and RANK genes for possible association with deep sepsis or aseptic loosening. All patients were Caucasian and had had a cemented Charnley THA and polyethylene acetabular cup. Cases consisted of 91 patients with early aseptic loosening and 71 patients with deep infection. Controls were 150 clinically and radiologically well-fixed THAs. DNA samples were genotyped using Taqman allelic discrimination. The A allele (p<0.001) and genotype A/A (p<0.001) for the OPG-163 SNP were associated with aseptic failure. Additionally, the RANK +575 (C/T SNP) T allele (p=0.004) and T/T genotype (p=0.008) frequencies were associated with aseptic failure. Comparing the septic group with the controls, the frequency of the A allele (p<0.001) and the genotype A/A (p<0.001) for the OPG-163 SNP were statistically significant. Aseptic loosening and deep infection of THA may be under the influence of susceptibility genes. SNP markers may serve as predictors of implant survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Ultrastructural analysis of brain tumors using collagen gel culture.

In an attempt to investigate the tumor type-specific ultrastructure of cultured brain tumors, a collagen gel culture was utilized instead of the conventional monolayer culture. To avoid intermingling of the normal brain cells, tumors with a clear margin and a portion typical of invasive tumors were sampled. The tumors were minced, and small fragments were prepared and embedded in the collagen gel in an aseptic manner. Tumors were observed on a daily basis under a phase contrast microscope. When sprouting of the tumor cells from a tumor fragment was confirmed, the samples were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and then processed for electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, meningioma has been shown to form a whorl-like structure. The cell processes have a complex interrelationship, but this phenomenon cannot be regarded as the so-called interdigitation. A basement membrane was formed surrounding the tumor cell processes facing the collagen gel in two ependymomas. Lipid droplets were contained in great numbers inside a chordoma cell. These findings suggest the usefulness of collagen gel culture in analyzing the tumor type-specific ultrastructure of cultured brain tumors, and possibly in studying cellular differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Prostaglandin production by a mild inflammatory lesion in sheep.

By implanting a Teflon chamber subcutaneously into a sheep a mild aseptic inflammatory lesion was produced from which wound fluid could be sampled daily. The prostaglandin content of this wound fluid was examined. Prostaglandin E2 activity was found in all samples, and a peak was apparent on the fourth or fifth day after producing the lesion. The amount of prostaglandin activity appeared to be unrelated to the total number of polymorphs in the fluid or to the volume of this exudate.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A microbiologic study of diluted sclerotherapy solutions.

BACKGROUND: As sclerotherapy has become more of an exact science it has become appropriate to dilute various sclerosing solutions to produce the least concentration of sclerosant producing effective endosclerosis of a given vessel diameter--the minimal sclerosant concentration. OBJECTIVE: In this setting it has become necessary to take into account various microbiologic considerations. Contamination of infusates is the most common cause of epidemic device-related bloodstream infections. With these considerations in mind, the following study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and fungal content of varied concentrations of four commonly employed sclerotherapy agents. METHODS: Dilutions were made of hypertonic saline 23.4% to 11.7% with both bacteriostatic water and 0.9% normal saline, Polidocanol 0.5% to 0.25% with bacteriostatic water, sodium tetradecyl sulfate 1.0% to 0.5% with bacteriostatic water, and polyiodide iodide 2% to 1% with bacteriostatic water under sterile conditions. Each sclerosant was analyzed for bacterial, fungal, and spore content at determined time intervals with standardized utilization indices for up to 3 months. RESULTS: At each sclerosant concentration for sodium chloride, polidocanol, sodium tetradechol sulfate, and polyiodide iodide at each study design time interval for sampling all bacterial and fungal cultures remained sterile. CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate aseptic techniques we may dilute sclerosing solutions to desired concentrations that will remain sterile for a period of at least 3 months under daily usage conditions.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1997

In vivo cariostatic effect of resin modified glass ionomer cement and amalgam on dentine.

Fluoride-releasing materials have been reported to be bactericidal in vitro. This may be of benefit to modern dentistry, which is directed to the preservation of tooth tissue during restorative treatment. Little is known about in vivo effects. The aim is to investigate the influence of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) on carious dentine that remains under restorations, compared to amalgam. Using a split month design, 40 molar pairs in 40 patients (mean age 14.9 years) were selected, based on clinically and radiographically diagnosed occlusal dentine caries. Under aseptic conditions, the enamel was removed and the carious dentine was sampled just beneath the dentino-enamel junction using a round bur. Without further removal of carious dentine, the molars of a pair were alternately restored with RM-GIC or amalgam. The colour and the consistency of the carious dentine were assessed. The samples were processed for microbiological determination of total viable counts (TVC), mutans streptococci (MS), and lactobacilli (LB). After 6 months the molars were reopened, similarly sampled and evaluated, and then permanently restored after complete caries removal. For both materials a substantial decrease in the numbers of TVC, MS and LB was found after the 6-month period. Also a positive effect was observed on the colour and the consistency of the remaining carious dentine, which was comparable for the two materials. RM-GIC showed a significantly larger decrease in counts of MS and LB than amalgam, but not for TVC. Since in only few cavities the number of bacteria decreased under the level of detection, it is still considered essential to remove all carious dentine during restorative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[The comparison of the process of five different vitrification devices].

Over the last decade, several methods have been designed to improve the survival rate of vitrificated embryos. Although some teams have succeeded, the main remaining drawback of these methods is that they do not provide a leak proof environment for cryopreserved biological samples. To respond to that demand in respect with the European reglementation, the Cryo Bio System company (CBS) designed the HSV High Security Vitrification Kit (HSV). This system is composed of three distinct parts, a High Security thermal-autogenic sealed clear straw, a capillary with its extremity in form of a gutter, and an introducer that can be mounted on the manipulation rod before introduction into the straw. In this study, we confirmed that the CBS vitrification kit is a suitable method for vitrification in association with a small amount of cryoprotector enriched viscous media such as 25 microM Ficool 400, 750 mM Sucrose, 1% Bovine albumin, 20% Dimethyl Sulfoxide and 20% Ethylene glycol in a Phosphate buffered saline solution. We also evaluated the speed of the temperature decrease during vitrification in comparison with four other commercially available non-aseptic methods and showed the protective role of the CBS system during transfer. These physical data have now been confirmed biologically by P. Vanderzwalmen who obtained easily reproductible good results with human embryo using our method. Today, the HSV represents the unique aseptic alternative device (EC and FDA approved) for embryos, oocytes, and biological samples vitrification.

Cryopreservation↗