SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Adjustment Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Antidepressants in the medically ill: prediction of benefits.

Although depression secondary to medical illness occurs frequently, little is known about its response to conventional antidepressant therapy. In this retrospective study of 50 patients, the authors assessed the charted therapeutic effect of antidepressants and sought to define pretreatment features associated with good outcome. Half (9/18) of the patients with a previous history of depression improved while only 22% (7/32) of the patients without a previous history of depression showed improvement in mood. Those patients meeting DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder were no more likely to benefit from antidepressants than were patients meeting criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The authors conclude that previous history of depression should be considered when assessing risks and benefits for antidepressants for medically ill patients with depressive syndromes.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Psychiatric disorders in children with chronic renal failure.

Psychiatric assessment was done according to the DSM-IV TR criteria in 19 children with predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF) and 19 children with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis. The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in all the studied patients was 52.6%. Adjustment disorders were the most common disorders (18.4%), followed by depression (10.3%) and neurocognitive disorders (7.7%). Anxiety and elimination disorders were reported in 5.1 and 2.6%, respectively. The disorders were more prevalent (P=0.05) in dialysis (68.4%) than in predialysis patients (36.8%). The presence of psychiatric disorders was not significantly correlated with sex, severity of anemia, duration of CRF or the efficiency or the duration of hemodialysis. In conclusion, psychiatric disorders were prevalent in our patients, especially in those on hemodialysis. Both adjustments with depression and depressive disorders were the most common psychiatric disorders. This array of disorders was more likely explained by the difficulties encountered in living with CRF rather than by demographic or physical factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Somatization: a spectrum of severity.

OBJECTIVE: The DSM-III-R diagnosis of somatization disorder requires that a patient have a specific number of medically unexplained somatic symptoms. This number of symptoms was developed by committee consensus, and it is not clear whether patients with this specific number of symptoms can be differentiated from patients with lower but still substantial numbers of somatic symptoms. METHOD: Fifty-one percent of 767 high utilizers of two primary care clinics were identified as distressed by an elevated SCL anxiety, depression, or somatization scale score or by their primary care physician. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was completed on 119 distressed high utilizers who were randomly assigned to an intervention group in a controlled trial of psychiatric consultation. The 119 distressed high utilizers were separated into four categories according to the number of unexplained somatic symptoms found on the DIS and were compared on demographic, psychiatric distress, disability, medical, and health utilization variables. RESULTS: The data suggest that many clinical and behavioral features of somatization are significantly more common in patients with four to 12 medically unexplained somatic symptoms rather than changing dramatically at the diagnostic threshold for somatization disorder. The data also showed that patients who meet the DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder are severely ill and have a high burden of psychiatric illness and disability. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the DSM-IV somatoform disorders section should include somatization disorder, an abridged definition of somatization disorder often associated with anxiety and depression, as well as a type of somatization associated with an adjustment disorder.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1988

Social adjustment in obsessive compulsive disorder.

The Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report was administered to 32 subjects with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and age-sex matched controls. The patients had global impairment, especially during leisure, which correlated with severity of the disorder. The improvement of this impairment with therapy is highlighted. It is stressed that social adjustment in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder subjects should be considered during their therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[A Qualitative Follow-Up Assessment two Years after Inpatient Crisis Intervention].

OBJECTIVE: 34 patients (50 % adjustment disorder) were investigated at admission, at discharge and 2 years after participating in a 2-week crisis intervention program. METHOD: Measures included SCL-90R, BDI and the Giessen-Test at all time points and a semi-structured interview at follow-up. RESULTS: Patients still suffered from residual symptoms at follow-up. Patients with a partner conflict were readmitted to inpatient care more often. Focussing the patient's perceived predominant problem during crisis intervention had a favourite follow-up outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Therapists should ensure repetitively that the predominant psychosocial problem according to the patient's view stays the focus of a crisis intervention. Individual assessment, especially regarding the preferred treatment modality during crisis intervention, may help to plan post intervention treatment.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2000

Psychosocial profile of suicide ideators, attempters and completers in India.

The study aims to determine the psychological profile of suicide ideators, attempters and completers in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 260 suicidal ideators, 58 attempters and 55 completers were studied. The majority of ideators, attempters and completers were 26-35 years of age, males (except attempters who were predominantly females), married, literate up to high school, employed (ideators) or housewives (attempters and completers). The suicide ideators, attempters and completers who had a past history of attempt were 6.9%, 24.1% and 18.2% respectively. Family history of attempted suicide or completed suicide was also common among patients suffering from depression. In suicidal ideators, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder was the most common psychiatric diagnosis followed by major depression and schizophrenia. Among suicide attempters, adjustment disorder with depression was the most common diagnosis. The most common method of suicide attempt was organophosphorus compound intake whereas in suicide completers, the most common method in use was hanging. The patients with suicidal ideation or attempt need careful evaluation, early intervention and long term follow up.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1992

The concept of psychosomatic disorder.

The clinical concepts related to the assessment of psychosocial factors in the medically ill are reviewed, with particular reference to the DSM-III-R categories of adjustment disorders, psychological factors affecting physical conditions, and somatoform disorders. The clinical and heuristic value of the concepts of psychosomatic disorder and abnormal illness behavior is underscored.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1985

Treatment outlines for the management of anxiety states. The Quality Assurance Project.

The Quality Assurance Project is developing explicit and detailed treatment outlines for each of the major psychiatric disorders. Three sources of information are used: a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome literature, the opinions of a sample of practising psychiatrists, and the views of a panel of nominated experts. The recommendations for the treatment of anxiety states were as follows: Phenelzine and then the tricyclic antidepressants were the treatments of choice for panic disorder. Behaviour therapy--cognitive anxiety management, relaxation and hyperventilation control--being recommended as an essential adjunct to drug therapy. Relaxation and dynamic psychotherapy separately, or in combination, were the treatments of choice for generalised anxiety disorder with cognitive procedures being of value and benzodiazepines only being recommended for short-term use. In complicated cases of either panic disorder or generalised anxiety disorder a long-term supportive psychotherapeutic relationship was regarded as essential to ensure smooth progress in treatment. In adjustment disorder with anxious mood, procedures to permit adaptation to the stressor were recommended, while in post-traumatic stress disorder psychotherapeutic techniques to allow the trauma to be re-experienced and worked through were favoured.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1995

[Male erotomania: a type of dangerous sexual harassment].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to examine male erotomania and its consequences for women who are victims of it. METHOD: We studied the clinical characteristics of erotomaniacal men and the physical and psychic consequences to women who were their victims. RESULTS: The men we met have a severe paranoid thought disorder which combines jealousy, projection and interpretation. Their behaviour is characterized by escalating violence in their involvement with women by whom they believe they are loved. During their contacts with the erotomaniac, the victims develop adjustment disorders and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Our study leads us to conclude that erotomaniacs and their victims have symptoms and a clinical evolution identical to those found in harassing and violent ex-spouses. The positive response of some erotomaniacs to antipsychotic medication raises a therapeutic prospect for other violent men with the same thought disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1996

A 5-year follow-up study of suicide attempts.

Seventy-five patients were admitted to the ward of the Lund Suicide Research Center following a suicide attempt. After 5 years, the patients were followed up by a personal semistructured interview covering sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric areas. Ten patients (13%) had committed suicide during the follow-up period, the majority within 2 years. They tended to be older at the index attempt admission, and most of them had a mood disorder in comparison with the others. Two patients had died from somatic diseases. Forty-two patients were interviewed, of whom 17 (40%) had reattempted during the follow-up period, most of them within 3 years. Predictors for reattempt were young age, personality disorder, parents having received treatment for psychiatric disorder, and a poor social network. At the index attempt, none of the reattempters had diagnoses of adjustment disorders or anxiety disorders. At follow-up, reattempters had more psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90), and their overall functioning (GAF) was poor compared to those who did not reattempt. All of the reattempters had long-lasting treatment ( > 3 years) as compared to 56% of the others. It is of great clinical importance to focus on treatment strategies for the vulnerable subgroup of self-destructive reattempters.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1986

Descriptive validity of DSM-III depressions.

There are five categories of psychiatric disorders in DSM-III that embrace depressive moods: adjustment disorder with depressed mood (group 1), bipolar depression (group 2), major depression (group 3), dysthymic disorder (group 4), and atypical depression (group 5). A large sample of patients seen in a metropolitan university psychiatric referral center, with these categories as primary diagnoses in axis I, constitute the subjects studied (N = 2988). The study includes a comparison of the cross-sectional clinical properties of these patients, including an inventory of psychopathological symptoms, entries in axes II to V (i.e., as described in DSM-III, plus a sixth axis measuring current adjustment) and immediate dispositions rendered by clinicians. This study addresses the descriptive validity of DSM-III diagnostic categories of depression. A clustering of depressions based on a continuum of severity is uncovered as well as unique features of certain subtypes that point to categorical aspects of DSM-III mood disorders. The nature and implication of these findings are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1989

Psychiatric disorders among medical in-patients in an Indian hospital.

Psychiatric symptoms among medical in-patients in an Indian hospital were assessed: the SRQ was used as a screening instrument, and those with probable psychiatric disorders were given the PSE and MSE, for further, detailed assessment. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 34%, with a further 15% reporting distressing psychiatric symptoms only. The most frequent complaints were delirium and adjustment disorders. They were largely associated with connective tissue, as well as cardiovascular and endocrine, disorders, and were characterised by depression, worrying and irritability. The reliability of the SRQ varied with the cut-off score, which gave optimal specificity and sensitivity when set at 9.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1999

[Dysthymic disorders].

Long lasting, low intensity depressive episodes have been diversely integrated according to the classifications types or the psychodynamic points of view. The concept of anxious persistent lasting depression, neurotic depressive states, neurotic depression ... have been unified into the dysthymic disorder category of the DSM classification. This concept unification have been a topic of dispute considering that dysthymic disorder was a restrictive, heterogeneous an extensively comorbid diagnosis. Nevertheless the definition of this category offers the opportunity to place the notions of temperament, personality, adjustment disorder. Including dysthymic disorders as a category inside of the mood disorders classification suggests the interest of using an antidepressive medication in presence of chronic depressive states not included in the major depressive disorder category.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2006

[Psychosocial adjustment difficulties among hospitalized adolescents with neurological and physical disorders].

Psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with health disorders has been studied extensively. However, it is unclear whether different health disorders have specific impact on adjustment, or disorder in general relates to the development of adjustment difficulties as a factor limiting adolescent's physical and social activity. This study was aimed to identify peculiarities of psychosocial adjustment difficulties among hospitalized adolescents with neurological and physical disorders and secondary school students. The sample consisted of 738 adolescents (aged 12-18 years), of which 100 had neurological and 94 - physical disorders, and 544 secondary school students. Psychosocial adjustment difficulties were evaluated using Standardized Interview for the Evaluation of Adolescents' Problems. Results show that emotional-mood difficulties and low self-esteem are more prevalent and severe in the clinical groups comparing with the healthy controls, while the prevalence and the severity of conflicts are higher among students. Comparison of both clinical groups shows that neurological disorders are related to higher prevalence of difficulties in emotional and cognitive functioning and higher severity of suicidal tendencies, while physical disorders relate to higher prevalence of behavior difficulties.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Women's health. Depression and related disorders.

Common mood disorders that are seen in women in primary care are major depression, dysthymic disorder, adjustment reaction with depressed mood, and premenstrual syndrome. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of major depression, which also are applicable in many ways to other mood disorders. Specifics about other mood disorders that are encountered frequently in women are discussed subsequently.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2002

Psychiatry of the medically ill in the burn unit.

Clinical experience and burn survivor testimony show that the experience of being burned can be associated with catastrophic stress and lead to drastic permanent body image changes from scarring and limb-function loss. Close relatives, if not killed in the fire, often also experience clinically significant bystander stress. Closeness of relationships may be lost, and self-image may suffer. Property damage and loss of crucial resources may be associated with fires. Although many burns result from accidents, most result from preventable causes associated with psychiatric disorders, which include mood disorders, psychoses, cognitive disorders, and substance-use disorders. Burns then result from: Deliberate self-harm Impaired judgment and poor coordination associated with substance intoxication Risk-taking behavior Poor supervision of children and impaired elderly persons Careless handling of flammable materials. Many clinical syndromes, such as delirium, ASD, acute psychosis, suicidality, and pain need to be addressed by the consulting psychiatrist to facilitate surgical treatment of the burn injury. Other psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD, major depression, and adjustment disorder, need to be treated to expedite long-term adjustment. Hospital length of stay and RTW/RTS are major outcome variables. The psychiatry consultant can positively affect both variables substantially using both pharmacologic and psychosocial measures. The important role of psychiatric issues both before and after burn injury support the need for more consistent and comprehensive medical insurance coverage for psychiatric consultation to burn units and clinics. Burn Support Groups are an invaluable asset.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1988

Divergence and convergence of diagnoses for depression between ICD-9 and DSM-III-R.

Contrasting the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, a comparison of diagnoses for unipolar depressive disorders is presented from a sample of 168 psychiatric outpatients. A relatively clear correspondence existed between ICD-9 endogenous depression and DSM-III-R major depression. Neurotic depression (ICD-9) divided into either dysthymia or major depression in DSM-III-R. A generally greater variety of corresponding ICD-9 diagnoses was observed for DSM-III-R categories, since patients with eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependence, or with neuroses other than depressive type often received an additional specific DSM-III-R diagnosis for depression. For ICD-9 diagnostics, a decreased threshold was found for diagnosing depressive reaction, as compared with the equivalent DSM-III-R diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood. A new technique is introduced in order to adjust corresponding proportions according to base rate differences.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1996

Suicide in non-major depressions.

We compared depressive suicides who had unipolar depression not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of major depression (non-major depressions) with suicides who had major depression. A random sample of 229 suicides representing all suicides in Finland within a 12-month period were comprehensively examined using the psychological autopsy method and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. We included in this study all cases of current depressive disorder not otherwise specified (n = 48), adjustment disorder with depressed mood (n = 6) and dysthymia (n = 4). These 58 cases of suicide in non-major depressions were compared with the suicides with unipolar major depression (n = 71) in the same random sample. The non-major depressive victims were younger, and comprised more males, more cases with psychoactive substance use disorders, more secondary depressives, and more cases not having contact with health care, or cases not having communicated suicidal intent despite such contact. Recent life events were also reported more common among those with non-major depressions, particularly during the final week. The findings suggest that suicides in major depression and in unipolar depressions not fulfilling the criteria for major depression are likely to differ in several clinically relevant characteristics besides depressive symptomatology.

Adult↗