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PubMed1997

Development and validation of a measure of adolescent dissociation: the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale.

This study describes the initial reliability and validity data on the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), a screening measure for pathological dissociation during adolescence. The A-DES showed good scale and subscale reliability, and, as hypothesized, increased scores were associated with reported trauma in a patient population. A-DES scores were able to distinguish dissociative disordered adolescents from a normal sample and from a patient sample with a variety of diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with congenital heart disease. A comparison between adolescents born with severe heart defect and atrial septal defect.

Twenty-six adolescents, aged 13-18 years, with severe congenital heart disease were matched for sex, age and living area with 26 adolescents with repaired atrial septal defect and regarded as physically fit. These two groups were compared according to somatic condition, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning and chronic family difficulties. A higher rate of psychiatric problems in the complex group, an association between psychosocial functioning and physical capacity, as well as an association between psychosocial functioning and chronic family difficulties were observed. These findings suggest that physical capacity is of crucial importance for mental health and functioning of adolescents with congenital heart disease. The association with chronic family difficulties also suggests that a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach is necessary in the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Relational and systems methodologies for analysing parent-child relationships: an exploration of conflict, support and independence in adolescence and post-adolescence.

Research procedures which constitute a significant reorientation towards relational rather than individually focused methods are critically reviewed. A novel 'paired interview' strategy, consistent with this relational paradigm, is employed in two research studies. The first study involves the analysis of 18 mother-adolescent son/daughter relationships at the time when the young people had just left school at the age of 16. A relationship typology was developed for these 18 pairs and it is demonstrated that the themes of conflict, independence and interdependence can be operationalized using this procedure. The second study involves the analysis of 25 mother and post-adolescent daughter relationships to test the proposition that such relationships are inherently conflicted. Taken together, the two studies demonstrate that mothers and daughters are not chronically conflicted in their relationships. Nevertheless, the potential for conflict may be a significant element in accounting for girls' adolescent development. However, on entering early adulthood, the young women typically reach a state of 'interdependence' with their mothers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular response to mental stress in normal adolescents with hypertensive parents. Hemodynamics and mental stress in adolescents.

The hemodynamic response to mental stress (mental arithmetic) was studied in adolscents with varying risk factors for essential hypertension (EH), One group (genetic) consisted of normotensive well adolescents who had at least one parentnt with EH. Another group (labile) consisted of adolescents with labile hypertension each of whom also had at least one pare with EH. The control population consisted of normotensive adolescents with a negative family history of EH. Subjects with labile hypertension demonstrated a sustained increase in systolic and diastolic pressure and heart rate during stress. This response was significantly different than the control population (P less than THE CONTROL POPULATION (P LESS THAN 0.001). The stress response of the normotensive genetic population was qualitatively similar to the group with labile hypertension and significantly different than the controls in diastolic pressure and heart rate (p less than 0.001, less than 0.02). Post-stress plasma catecholamines were higher in the labile hypertensive and genetic groups than in the control group. These findings demonstrate increased central nervous system mediated adrenergic activity and cardiovascular response in labile hypertension and also in some normotensive subjects with a genetic risk for hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

HIV-related risk behaviors among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents and school-based adolescents.

The authors compared the responses of 76 adolescents on an inpatient psychiatric service with those of 802 school-based adolescents in the same city regarding HIV risk behaviors. The psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents reported a significantly higher rate of sexual and drug-related behaviors that involve a risk for contracting sexually transmitted disease, including HIV-related illnesses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A study of disturbed and non disturbed adolescents: the Toronto Adolescent Longitudinal Study. I.

The Toronto Adolescent Longitudinal Study was undertaken to examine personality development in a non-clinical sample of children from ages 10 through 19. Fifty-nine boys and girls, selected to represent the full range of behavior presentation in regular classrooms, have participated throughout the complete study. Each year the students and at least one parent participated in a full day evaluation during which a comprehensive battery of measures was administered to assess their psychosocial characteristics. Some exemplary results are presented regarding the personality functioning and associated characteristics of the group at age 13. Our results lead us to conclude that adolescence should not be considered as a homogeneous developmental stage. Young adolescents can be differentiated along a dimension of competence in personality functioning which is associated with differences in their clinical presentation, self concept and behavior patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sexual activity and condom use among Eastern European adolescents--the Study of Hungarian Adolescent Risk Behaviours.

While rates of HIV and STD infection in Eastern Europe are increasing rapidly, little is known about sexual behaviour, including condom use, among Eastern European youths. The Study of Hungarian Adolescent Risk Behaviours was designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of adolescents studying in secondary schools in Budapest, Hungary. Students (n =3486) in a random sample of public secondary schools completed a self-administered questionnaire, including measures of sexual activity and condom use. Thirty-eight percent of students reported ever having had vaginal intercourse. Condom use by those reporting having had sex in the past five weeks was classified as consistent/every time (40%); irregular (25.6%); and none (34.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed positive opinions about condoms, fear of AIDS, and initiation of condom use by both partners to predict more frequent condom use. Implications for targeted AIDS/STD education and prevention among adolescents are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tools for planning a project to promote adolescent health and development: the adolescents' perspective].

This qualitative study was developed with low-income teenage students from outlying cities around the Federal District, Brazil. The main objective was to identify their opinions, feelings, and information concerning the community's reality in order to implement a project to promote health care in this age group. A focal group technique was used to collect data. Two focal groups of adolescents 13 to 17 years old were conducted. Resulting data were submitted to descriptive analysis. According to the findings, adolescents have limited opportunities to engage in leisure activities. Problems in the community include lack of security, unavoidable contact with violence, and drug abuse. Adolescents understand that such problems are due to the absence of an appropriate social context. They also highlight difficulties in establishing healthy interpersonal relationships within their families. Their first feeling is one of disempowerment in dealing with prevailing conditions, but they also show willingness to become involved in community work.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire--Junior with an adolescent inpatient sample.

The current investigation was undertaken to assess the correlation of scores on the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire--Junior. 9 adolescents (aged 15 to 17 years), on being admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility, were given the two inventories. Of the 20 categories on the Millon, scores on 10 were significantly correlated with scores on suicide ideation. High suicide ideators tended to experience school-related problems, report poor self-concept, have poor family rapport, and be overly sensitive. Results were discussed in light of the importance of finding a subtle and commonly administered assessment tool that would be useful for those who work with adolescents at risk for suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Manic-depressive disorders in adolescence. Mood disorders and psychoses in adolescence].

DISEASE ONSET: In adolescents, the different aspects of mood disorders and psychoses are closely related. The first episode of what will become schizophrenia is often suggestive of a mood disorder. The inverse is also true. Frequently, a psychotic state is the inaugural manifestation of a mood disorder. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: The depressive manifestations observed in adolescents are very similar to negative psychotic symptoms. More so than in adults, the thymic disorder is expressed as severe episodes of psychosis. It would appear that in this case, the psychotic elements are related to the intensity of the thymic disorder. DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS: Misdiagnosis is probably related to the fact that mood is not sufficiently taken into account in acute psychotic states. The risk inherent in "over"-diagnosis of schizophrenic disorders is related to the therapeutic implications: prescriptions of neuroleptics can hinder the psychic work involved in the structuralization process going on in the adolescent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

American adolescents touch each other less and are more aggressive toward their peers as compared with French adolescents.

Forty adolescents were observed at McDonald's restaurants in Paris and Miami to assess the amount of touching and aggression during their peer interactions. The American adolescents spent less time leaning against, stroking, kissing, and hugging their peers than did the French adolescents. Instead, they showed more self-touching and more aggressive verbal and physical behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Treating adolescents together or individually? Issues in adolescent substance abuse interventions.

This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium, chaired by Peter Monti and cochaired by Tracy O'Leary, that was presented at the 2001 RSA Meeting in Montreal, Quebec. The aim of this symposium was to present data on group- and individual-based interventions for adolescent alcohol and substance abuse, with a discussion of the implications of research findings bearing on developmental considerations when working with adolescents and young adults. Elizabeth J. D'Amico, PhD, reviewed recent findings on adolescents' choice of type of substance abuse treatment. Jennifer L. Maggs, PhD, presented a developmental perspective on this issue. Tracy O'Leary, PhD, presented data on enhancing motivational interviewing with the presence of a supportive peer for college students cited for alcohol infractions. Mary E. Larimer, PhD, presented 1-year follow-up results of the Greeks 2000 Project, a 5-year longitudinal study designed to evaluate the efficacy of an alcohol abuse prevention program provided to college students who were entering a pledge class (first year) of Greek houses. Barbara McCrady, PhD, a noted expert on the treatment of couples for substance abuse problems, served as discussant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Adolescence today: a clinician's viewpoint on adolescent violence].

Violence during adolescence, whether self-oriented or directed towards others, is becoming a public health concern. Clinical reports on these difficult adolescents indicate that violence is not a choice but a constraint for the violent subject. Such adolescents share a vulnerable personality that generates a feeling of internal insecurity and an increased dependency on their environment to secure themselves. Violent behavior, through its destructiveness, becomes a means of restoring a kind of power and control over the situation, which cannot be obtained through the search for pleasure and success. The current evolution of society and the family may favor the onset of these behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent health needs. II: Utilization of health care by adolescents.

In a random, mailed survey, 730 adolescents supplied information on their patterns and preferences for health care. The majority of respondents reported that they usually receive medical care from a private physician. Girls consulted physicians more frequently than boys, but there was no significant variation by age or social group. As the age of the respondent increased, the proportion visiting pediatricians decreased. When asked what they liked and disliked about their physician, respondents placed great emphasis upon the personal characteristics of the practitioner. Long waiting periods were the most common complaint. A significant proportion of adolescents with health concerns do not consult a health professional, even in cases where efficacious treatment may be available. Nervous/emotional problems, obesity, and birth control are concerns of adolescents which should be discussed with health professionals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Adolescent acquaintance rape. ACOG committee opinion: Committee on Adolescent Health Care Number 122--May 1993.

Acquaintance rape is a widespread problem among adolescents. Obstetrician-gynecologists are faced with the difficult responsibility of identifying victims and providing effective preventive counseling. Recognizing the behavioral signals exhibited by victims and understanding adolescents' attitudes toward violence will enable the health care provider to effectively screen patients for current or past victimization and empower the adolescent with preventive strategies to avoid future violence in dating relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Adolescent alcohol use: social determinants and the case for early family-centered prevention. Family-focused prevention of adolescent drinking.

The family plays a central role in the use of alcohol by children and adolescents, yet preventive interventions rarely focus on the family. Early drinking and much subsequent use of alcohol by children and adolescents is sanctioned and sometimes encouraged by their families. Unlike experimentation with alcohol, problem drinking is associated with low levels of family social support and with dysfunctional coping strategies of families that may lead children to use drinking as an adaptive behavior. While risk-factor research has advanced understanding of alcohol use by children and youth, the poor predictive power of individual risks has limited its contribution to successful interventions. On the other hand, protective factors, provided by relationships within and outside the family, can be preventive and health promoting. Parents influence their children's drinking through family interactions, modeling and reinforcing standards, and attitudes that children learn and use to guide their behavior in new situations. Thus, parental influences endure. This article argues that interventions to prevent alcohol abuse should be designed to help parents to carry out their parental functions. This can be accomplished by providing social support, resources, and education for parents, as well as developing extra-familial sources of social support and socialization for children and adolescents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

The effect of a physical activity intervention package on the self-esteem of pre-adolescent and adolescent females.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a physical activity intervention package on the self-esteem of pre-adolescent and adolescent females. The package involved three components: physical activity, education and self-report. Subjects (N = 181) were pre-, early-, and middle-adolescent girls ranging in age from 9 to 16 who were enrolled in an independent school. An experimental pre-test/post-test design which involved two independent variables (intervention package and age group), each with three levels, was used. Self-esteem was measured with the Self Description Questionnaire I and II (Marsh, 1988). Results indicated that low self-esteem individuals benefitted from the intervention. However, statistically significant results were limited to the younger age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Counseling the adolescent about pregnancy options. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Adolescence.

When consulted by a pregnant adolescent, pediatricians should be able to make a timely diagnosis and to help the adolescent understand her options and act on her decision to continue or terminate her pregnancy. Pediatricians may not impose their values on the decision-making process and should be prepared to support the adolescent in her decision or refer her to a physician who can.

Adolescent↗