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PubMed2000

[Acceptability of local treatment of allergic rhinitis with a combination of a corticoid (beclomethasone) and an antihistaminic (azelastine)].

A prospective multicentre study involving 219 patients with seasonal or aperiodic rhinitis was performed to assess the acceptability of a local treatment combining antihistamine (azelastine) and corticoid (beclomethasone) drugs. The drugs were administered either together (morning and evening, with a 5-minute interval) or separately (azelastine in the morning and evening, and beclomethasone later during the morning and in the afternoon) for 15 days. Treatment acceptability was measured by a nine-fold questionnaire (7-point scale, mean score per question). Patient participation, protocol and therapy compliance, and treatment efficacy and tolerance were also studied. The acceptability of the association was satisfactory (mean score for general facility of treatment: 4.7/6) and did not differ between administration schedules. Patients found treatment easy, and were not bothered by the bulk of the bottles or the risk of mixing them up. This acceptability was confirmed by the low percentage (4%) of patients refusing to be included in the study (refusing any treatment by nasal spray). The general acceptability was confirmed by the results for therapy compliance, general efficacy and tolerance: 94.9% of the patients took more than 75% of the administrations prescribed, 77.6% of the patients and 85.2% of the practitioners judged treatment efficacy as good or excellent, and 84.6% of the patients and 91.4% of the practitioners judged tolerance as good or excellent. Moreover, most of the adverse events consisted of minor signs of local intolerance, and were identical to those observed when the two treatments were administered alone.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factors associated with acceptance of postpartum tubal ligation among HIV-infected women].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the acceptance of tubal ligation after childbirth among HIV-infected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted from March 1988 to February 1999, at Mexico's National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), in 72 HIV-positive pregnant women. Cases were 49 women who accepted postpartum tubal ligation after childbirth, and controls were 23 women who refused this birth control method. Data collected for each patient were demographic characteristics, sexual and reproductive history, and HIV status. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive measures, Chi 2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student's t test for continuous variables. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were used to compare groups and potential confounders were assessed by stratified analysis with the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 25.5 +/- 5.5 years. The median gestation period was 27 weeks (range 7 to 40 weeks); 16 women (22.2%) had no prenatal care visits at INPer. The median time of HIV positivist awareness was 9 months (range 1 to 108). Variables associated with acceptance of tubal ligation were: having a prior childbirth (OR 11.1, 95% CI 3.4 to 36), pregnancy care from 1995 onward (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.7 to 13.3), and having given birth to an HIV-infected child (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.05 to 23.1). Stratified analysis showed no modification of the strength of association of these variables with acceptance of tubal ligation. CONCLUSIONS: A prior childbirth was the most important predictor of tubal ligation acceptance. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A study to determine the acceptability in patients and dentists of toluidine blue in screening for oral cancer.

Opportunistic screening for oral cancer has been advocated as a possible beneficial procedure, especially with high-risk individuals. To assist in the identification of malignant lesions a dye has been developed which can be used routinely. Issues of acceptability for both patient and practitioner are raised. The adoption of this procedure for employees in a large retail chain in the UK has enabled an investigation into the use of the dye. The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability of toluidine blue in aiding the screening for oral cancer in regular attending dental patients who are at high-risk. A two-stage study design was conducted. The first stage consisted of a patient survey in which 10 patients from each of 14 stores of the retail chain were invited to complete a questionnaire. The level of embarrassment, taste and anxiety about the procedure was assessed. The second stage included a clinician questionnaire and telephone interview on the difficulties, if any, of conducting the screening procedure with the aid of the dye. The oral health screen (OHS) with OraScreen procedure was conducted in the retail store medical room. The participants consisted of 140 employees attending the routine dental examination at the store of their workplace. All employees in the survey reported that they smoked tobacco, drank alcohol and were over the age of 40 years. Fourteen dentists visited the stores to complete examinations, screening, questionnaires and telephone interview. The main outcome measures consisted of dentist and patient rating scales of acceptability developed for the study. Of the respondents 89% (n = 124) gave usable questionnaire data. The patients found the dye acceptable (for example 83% rated the oral health screen 'a comfortable experience') and 93% expected the examiner to give an opinion of the state of their mouths. A wish was expressed by 95% to take part in future oral health screens. The dentist-respondents were in favour of the use of the dye. In conclusion, the acceptability of toluidine blue dye to assist in the screening for oral cancer is good according to both patient and clinician. The use of this dye should now be encouraged more extensively by trained clinicians in the identification of oral cancerous and precancerous lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination by hospital personnel in an area hyperendemic for hepatitis B.

A free-of-charge vaccination program against hepatitis B, in which plasma-derived vaccine was used, was offered to 1,299 hospital personnel of Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok. The initial acceptance rate for vaccination was 65.7%, with 10.0% nonacceptance and 24.3% undecided. The highest rates of acceptance were among medical students (75.5%), student nurses (68.8%), and newly graduated nurses (63.6%). The lowest rate of acceptance was among physicians (48.2%). Factors strongly associated with the acceptance of vaccination were nature of work, age of personnel (< or = 40 yr), number of years spent in profession (< or = 15 yr), knowledge of hepatitis B, confidence in vaccine efficacy and safety, no history of hepatitis B infection, and contact with blood or blood product. Different types of fear, as well as lack of knowledge, were the main reasons responsible for 46.2% of all refusals. More specific educational efforts about vaccine safety and efficacy may positively influence the acceptance of hepatitis vaccination program among health care personnel.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Acceptability of a test for antibodies against HIV in a group of pregnant women in Yucatan, Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability of a test for antibodies against HIV (Ab-HIV) in a group of pregnant women in Yucatan, Mexico. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A clinical and epidemiological study was carried out on 310 pregnant women at different health centers in Yucatan Mexico, from January 2000 to March 2001. A questionnaire was applied to determine information in relation to HIV infection and acceptability of the test. Prior counselling was given to all those who accepted being tested. RESULTS: The median age was 24 (range 14 to 42). A 64.5% had a basic education, 91.6% were homemakers; 38% of the sexual partners worked away from home; 15% said they had more than one sexual partner; 31% had leukorrhea at the time of testing and 69% at some time in the past. Ninety percent of the women accepted being tested for HIV and all of them showed negative results. CONCLUSION: The acceptability of the test was similar to that reported in the international literature. The cost benefits of such a test must be considered, but always within the values of prevailing normative and respect of human rights of women. Despite zero prevalence, we found factors favourable for HIV infection.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of acceptance of a postpartum public health nurse home visit: findings from an Ontario survey.

OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) rates of offer and uptake of a home visit provided through Ontario's universal Hospital Stay and Postpartum Home Visiting Program, and 2) predictors of acceptance of a home visit. METHODS: Women were eligible to participate if they had given birth vaginally to a live singleton infant, were being discharged with the infant to their care, were competent to give consent, and could communicate in one of the four study languages. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 1,250 women recruited from five hospitals across the province; 890 (71.2%) women completed a structured telephone interview 4 weeks following discharge. RESULTS: Most women (81.4% to 97.8%) reported having received a telephone call from a public health nurse, although not necessarily within 48 hours of discharge. While the offer of a home visit reportedly was high across sites, there were statistically significant differences in rates of acceptance (40.8% to 76.2%). Important predictors of acceptance were first live birth, lower social support, lower maternal rating of services in labour and delivery, poorer maternal self-reported health, probable postpartum depression, lower maternal rating of services on the postpartum unit, and breastfeeding initiation. CONCLUSION: The home visiting component of the universal program is reaching most women through telephone follow-up. However, rates of acceptance of a home visit differed greatly across study sites. The findings suggest that it is women with specific problems or needs who are accepting a visit. Further research is necessary to guide the development of evidence-based programs and policies regarding postpartum nurse home visits.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influenza vaccination in the elderly: 1. Determinants of acceptance.

In the autumn of 1982 routine annual influenza vaccination was offered, by reminder letters and follow-up telephone calls, to 273 independent elderly individuals registered at a community health clinic in Hamilton, Ont. The demographic and geographic characteristics and the health beliefs of those who either accepted or did not accept the vaccine were compared. Among those who received reminder letters there were no significant differences in the rates of vaccine acceptance according to age, sex, household composition or ease of access to the clinic. The patients who reported having previously experienced side effects from the vaccine and perceived a lack of efficacy of the vaccine were more likely not to accept it this time. Both a lack of effort by health care providers (to promote vaccination) and patient behaviour appeared to contribute to pre-existing low levels of influenza vaccination coverage. Although physicians' efforts to inform patients about the vaccination clinics resulted in a tripling of the overall rate of acceptance of the vaccine, there remained a "hard core" of almost half the patients who were unwilling to receive the vaccine, apparently because they perceived its risks to outweigh its benefits.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Factors affecting patients' acceptance of H.I.V. infections.

A study on patients' acceptance of the diagnosis of HIV infection was done in 36 patients at Ramathibodi Hospital. Patients were interviewed based on the data in a questionnaire. Over one half of the patients were 21-40 years old. Eighteen patients were prostitutes. The stages of the infection were: AIDS in 1, AIDS-related complex in 9 and asymptomatic in 26 cases. The rate of acceptance of having the infection did not differ regarding age, education, income, risk factors in acquiring the infection, and the stage of the disease. However, all patients who had worked in a foreign country did not accept the diagnosis while all who had never worked abroad did. Patients whose family knew that they had the infection accepted the diagnosis better than those whose family did not know. It is concluded that a substantial portion of patients did not accept that they had HIV infection. Counselling must be appropriately applied to each individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Acceptance of surgery for trichiasis among rural Malawian women.

We sought to determine the proportion of women with trichiasis who subsequently accepted surgery and to evaluate factors related to acceptance. Women who accepted surgery were more likely to be widows, to be of low socioeconomic status, to live close to a main road, to know another woman who had surgery for trichiasis, and to have trichiasis in both eyes than women who did not accept surgery. Our results suggest that considerable education and encouragement are needed to increase acceptance of surgery for trichiasis.

Eyelashes↗
PubMed1993

Patient acceptance of two health status measures: the Medical Outcomes Study Short-form General Health Survey and the Duke Health Profile.

BACKGROUND: The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey (MOS-SF) and the Duke Health Profile (DUKE) are brief, reliable, valid, and practical health status measures with potential applications in clinical research. We compared patient acceptance, ease of completion, and adequacy of capture (of the patient's self-perception of health) of these instruments in a primary care setting. METHODS: The MOS-SF, DUKE, and assessment questionnaires were administered to 79 patients in a university-based family practice. Patient acceptance of each instrument was assessed with Likert scale questions. Patients then compared the two instruments for relative ease of completion, preference, and completeness of capture. RESULTS: Both forms assessed each item well, but the DUKE scored statistically significantly better than the MOS-SF on four of six patient acceptance questions and both ease of completion items. There were no significant differences for capture items. CONCLUSIONS: Although both instruments are well accepted, investigators may favor the DUKE over the MOS-SF for situations in which patient acceptance or ease of completion is a key issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Acceptance of home and clinic-based cystic fibrosis carrier education and testing by first, second, and third degree relatives of cystic fibrosis patients.

We contacted and offered free cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier education and testing to the first, second, and third degree relatives of individuals with CF followed at a large Southeastern US CF Clinic. Relatives were offered CF carrier education and testing either in their homes or in a genetic counseling clinic. Overall, of 514 relatives offered free CF carrier education and testing, 299 (58%) accepted. Significantly more (67%) of those offered education and testing in their homes accepted than those offered education and testing in a genetic counseling clinic (45%). Regression analyses identified several factors, including education, income, gender, perceived chance of being a carrier, and perceived chance of having a child who is a CF carrier, as predictors of acceptance of education and testing in both home and clinic sites. A smaller set of factors was identified that predicted acceptance of education and testing unique to each site. Within the limits of this study and its design, even when CF carrier testing is offered free of charge, including education and testing in the home, acceptance of education and testing, while higher than in general population samples, is not universal among at-risk relatives. Several factors which may have contributed to the observations reported in this study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of an intensive educational program for minority college students and recent graduates on the probability of acceptance to medical school.

CONTEXT: Increasing the number of minority physicians is a long-standing goal of professional associations and government. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of an intensive summer educational program for minority college students and recent graduates on the probability of acceptance to medical school. DESIGN: Nonconcurrent prospective cohort study based on data from medical school applications, Medical College Admission Tests, and the Association of American Medical Colleges Student and Applicant Information Management System. SETTING: Eight US medical schools or consortia of medical schools. PARTICIPANTS: Underrepresented minority (black, Mexican American, mainland Puerto Rican, and American Indian) applicants to US allopathic medical schools in 1997 (N =3830), 1996 (N = 4654), and 1992 (N =3447). INTERVENTION: The Minority Medical Education Program (MMEP), a 6-week, residential summer educational program focused on training in the sciences and improvement of writing, verbal reasoning, studying, test taking, and presentation skills. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Probability of acceptance to at least 1 medical school. RESULTS: In the 1997 medical school application cohort, 223 (49.3%) of 452 MMEP participants were accepted compared with 1406 (41.6%) of 3378 minority nonparticipants (P= .002). Positive and significant program effects were also found in the 1996 (P=.01) and 1992 (P=.005) cohorts and in multivariate analysis after adjusting for nonprogrammatic factors likely to influence acceptance (P<.001). Program effects were also observed in students who participated in the MMEP early in college as well as those who participated later and among those with relatively high as well as low grades and test scores. CONCLUSIONS: The MMEP enhanced the probability of medical school acceptance among its participants. Intensive summer education is a strategy that may help improve diversity in the physician workforce.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2000

Continuity and change in the evaluation of ideal and acceptable body sizes across a wide age span.

OBJECTIVE: Continuity and change in the evaluation of ideal and acceptable body sizes across a wide subject age span were examined. METHOD: Ratings of ideal and socially acceptable body sizes were elicited from 303 children, 427 adolescents, 261 young adults, and 326 middle-age adults. Line drawing arrays of babies, children, young adults, middle-age, and older adults were portrayed, ranging in size from very thin to very obese. RESULTS: All subject groups selected, in all arrays, similar ideal body sizes, rated sizes in the midrange of fatness as socially acceptable, and were least accepting of very thin and obese body sizes. Tolerance for body size variations increased with subject age. DISCUSSION: Continuity throughout a wide subject age span was observed in evaluations of body sizes. However, adults were more accepting of body size variations than younger subjects, especially children. Implications of endorsing midrange body sizes for the fashion industry are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Dietary influences on the development of sucrose acceptability in rats.

Weanling rats were placed on a high-fat diet or chow. Beginning at 5 weeks of age, they were tested for acceptability of 4 sucrose solutions of different concentrations once a week until they showed the previously established adult pattern of acceptability. Subjects on the chow diet showed a gradual transition from a juvenile to adult pattern of acceptability, that is, a progressive downward shift in the concentration of solution that is most acceptable. Subjects on the high-fat diets never showed the adult pattern but continued to display a juvenile pattern of acceptability throughout the experiment. The data obtained from the subjects on the high-fat diets are similar to those on taste preferences in obese humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of socially acceptable body sizes by university students.

The objective of this study was to determine if more than one body size (the ideal) is considered socially acceptable. Two hundred undergraduates rated ideal male and female sizes, all socially acceptable male and female sizes, and their own current and desired sizes. Stimuli were arrays of nine outline drawings illustrating extremely thin to very fat male and female sizes. Most students considered three of nine sizes socially acceptable. There was high consensus on the sizes considered ideal. Although nearly three-quarters of women and half of men desired to be a different size, most considered their current size socially acceptable for other people. The results clearly demonstrate the existence of a range of socially acceptable male and female body sizes. The current size of most students was within this range. Exclusive focus on ideal body size distorts understanding of both other-size and own-size evaluations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A cohort study of Norplant implant: side-effects and acceptance.

OBJECTIVES: Menstrual irregularity is the main cause of termination of Norplant use; a study of its safety and level of acceptance is needed. STUDY METHODS: A cohort study using medical records of Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia and interviews between Norplant and IUD users who had in 1993 been followed-up for 5 years. Expulsion rate, removal rate, level of acceptance and satisfaction were examined. RESULTS: From 170 Norplant and 168 IUD acceptors, the net cumulative pregnancy rates by month 36 of the Norplant and the IUD groups were 0.0% and 1.19%, respectively (p > 0.05). The net cumulative expulsion rates were 0.61% and 1.32% (p > 0.05). The net cumulative rates of removal for medical reasons were 2.37% and 1.97% (p > 0.05). The net cumulative removal rates for non-medical reasons were 1.80% and 10.38% (p < 0.001); the net cumulative continuation rates were 95.29% and 85.60% (p < 0.002). The net cumulative acceptance rates were 97.04% and 93.83% (p > 0.05). The Norplant users experienced less menstrual and inter-menstrual bleeding and more amenorrhea than the IUD group. The psychological satisfaction scores among the Norplant and IUD users were high (p > 0.05). The Norplant contraceptive is well accepted. CONCLUSIONS: The findings could be very useful for further steps in promoting Norplant as a contraceptive that is long-acting, with good efficacy, acceptance, and safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The effect of FTY 720 on engraftment in a model of spontaneous allograft acceptance.

Further development in organ transplantation requires the utilization of new immunosuppressive drugs that-in addition to being effective against rejection-do not block tolerance. We previously reported that FTY 720, a drug that alters lymphocyte trafficking, has marked anti-rejection properties. We now investigate how FTY 720 influences tolerance in a model of graft acceptance by donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT). Two different transplant models--heart transplantation (Htx) and intestinal transplantation (Itx)--were studied. We performed orthotopic Itx and heterotopic Htx using fully mismatched inbred male RA (RT1(p)) and PVG (RT1(c)) rats as donors and recipients. Tolerance was induced by DSBT on pre-transplant day -12. To test the effect of FTY 720 on DSBT-induced tolerance, we administered FTY 720 orally prior to DSBT. Itx: control rats succumbed to rejection at 18+/-4 days. DSBT alone prolonged survival to 101.9+/-18 days (P<0.05 vs untreated). Long-term survivors were tolerant (acceptance of secondary donor-specific Htx). Adjunction of FTY 720 prior to DSBT reduced survival to 55.9+/-44.7 days (P<0.05). However, long-term survivors still accepted secondary donor-specific Htx. Htx: control rats survived 9+/-0.6 days. DSBT alone prolonged survival indefinitely (>120 days) and induced tolerance (acceptance of secondary donor-specific Htx). Unlike in Itx, adjunction of FTY 720 prior to DSBT did not reduce Htx survival. Acceptance of secondary donor-specific Htx was not influenced by FTY 720. In Itx, FTY 720 counteracts the beneficial effect of pre-transplant DSBT and triggers acute rejection of primary, but not secondary grafts. In Htx, however, FTY 720 allows full development of tolerance. The mechanisms by which FTY 720 causes rejection in primary intestinal but not in heart grafts need to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The effects of age and emotional acceptance on distress among breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether emotional acceptance moderates the relationship between age and distress among breast cancer patients near the end of the first year after diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The Emotional acceptance scale and the Profile of Mood States scale were completed by 79 women with Stage II or III breast cancer. RESULTS: Results showed that younger women reported greater distress than older women. Those who were less accepting of their emotions also reported greater distress than those who were more accepting, regardless of age. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that emotional acceptance may be beneficial for both younger and older women facing breast cancer. Additional implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗