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[Occupational brucellosis in slaughtering of sheep and goats: study of five cases from a municipal abattoir in south-eastern Sicily].
BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a world-wild zoonosis of bacterial origin. In Italy, where reporting of the disease is mandatory, the incidence is 2.1 cases every 100,000 inhabitants, but tends to be higher in southern regions. However, the incidence decreased from 1999 to 2002. CASES: Five cases of occupational brucellosis, four slaughter-house operators and one veterinary surgeon, were reported in a slaughter-house in south-eastern Sicily employing 15 people. RESULTS: A study of the slaughtering process for sheep and goats led to identification of 23 different operations, some of which involved greater probability of infection: animal consignment; unloading and leading animals from the stable to the trap; strangling and bleeding; skinning and removal of mammary glands; removal and processing of abdominal viscera; post-mortem examination; mobile equipment and facility maintenance, and washing/disinfection. All affected workers had participated in one or more of these operations. CONCLUSION: Eradication of brucellosis in stock-farms should lead to the disappearance of the human disease, since the two are closely related. Despite legislation aimed at eradicating brucellosis in cattle, which has been in force since 1992, the prevalence of the human disease has risen in Italy, especially in Sicily. Within the framework of prevention, occupational physicians should exercise specific surveillance of brucellosis risk by carefully examining the plasma antibody content of workers involved in the slaughtering process. Occupational health physicians should also provide ad hoc information regarding the infectious agent and modes of transmission during slaughtering operations as well as specific training in the use of protective equipment, which is the only way of providing protecting from contagion by infected animals.
Salmonella serotype from slaughter house at Kano abattoir: a short communication.
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The proportion of liver excised in Algerian abattoirs is not a good indicator of Fasciola hepatica infections in local cattle breeds.
Clinical and serological investigations on 175 cattle were carried out in 1999 at the slaughterhouse of Jijel, northeastern Algeria, to verify if partial ablation of a liver infected with Fasciola hepatica represents a good epidemiological indicator in the case of fasciolosis, as partial excision of the liver is widespread throughout North African countries. This study was also performed to determine if there is a direct relationship between the quantity of liver confiscated for fasciolosis and the serological response of slaughtered animals. A significant relationship between highly infected livers and positive serological titres was noted. However, two groups of results were conflicting: the presence of macroscopically healthy, undamaged livers with a positive serology (8.3% of 120 cattle), or the existence of highly damaged livers with a negative serology (13.0% of 31 cattle). These results indicate that partial removal of the liver in the case of fasciolosis is unreliable, so this method does not represent a good tool to establish epidemiological data on this disease.
An abattoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. IV. Bacteriological findings in chronic pneumonic lesions.
A total of 855 pig lungs were collected at slaughter and evaluated macroscopically. Bacteriological examinations were carried out on tissue samples from chronic pleuropneumonic lesions (n = 196) and from chronic bronchopneumonic lesions with suppuration (n = 14). Samples from normal lung tissue (n = 22) were also included. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 54%, Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae from 11%, and Streptococcus spp. from 14% of the pneumonic lesions, respectively. From normal lung tissue P. multocida was isolated from 3 (14%) of the samples, A. pleuropneumoniae was not recovered and streptococci were isolated from only 1 (5%) of these samples. The above mentioned bacterial species were recovered either in pure cultures or mixed with various other microbes. A total of 109 P. multocida strains were further characterized by capsular serotyping and testing for production of dermonecrotic toxin. Ninety-nine (91%) of the strains were capsular type A 10 (9%) were type D. Out of the type A and the type D strains 94% and 90% were toxigenic, respectively. Most of the A. pleuropneumoniae strains were serotype 2. Strains of serotypes 1 and 7 were also identified. The majority of the streptococci were identified as either Streptococcus suis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from 14% of the lesions and anaerobic bacteria from 18%, respectively. The significance of the various bacterial species in relation to the development of chronic pneumonic lesions is discussed. Special attention is paid to P. multocida, and it is concluded that this bacterial species is probably of importance for the development of both types of chronic pneumonias.
An abattoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. I. Prevalence and morphological description of gross lung lesions.
The prevalence and pathomorphology of gross lung lesions were studied in 855 slaughter weight pigs from 9 selected herds in south-eastern Norway. Pneumonic or pleuritic lesions were found in 84% of the lungs, ranging from 37% in the least affected herd to 97% in the one most affected. Bronchopneumonia indicative of a primary Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was found in 70% of the lungs, ranging from 9% to 82% in the individual herds. The amount of bronchopneumonic lesions in individual lungs ranged from 0 to 69%, with an average of 7.8%. Pleuropneumonia indicative of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae infection was found in 29% of the lungs ranging from 0 in the least affected herd to 58% in the most affected. Diffuse pleuritis was found in 41% of the lungs and the prevalence ranged from 4% to 63%.
An abattoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. II. Enzootic pneumonia of pigs: microbiological findings and their relationship to pathomorphology.
Lungs from 191 slaughter pigs with gross lesions indicative of enzootic pneumonia of pigs (EPP) and 80 grossly normal lungs, all originating from 9 different herds, were subjected to microbiological and pathological examinations. The microbiological studies included both bacterial and mycoplasmal culture and also testing for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen in tissue by indirect immunofluorescent technique. M. hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyorhinis were detected in 83%, 43% and 37% of the pneumonic lungs, respectively. Mycoplasma flocculare was the most frequently isolated organism in the non-pneumonic lungs. The greatest amounts of macroscopic pneumonia (25.2%) were recorded in lungs with all the three agents M. hyopneumoniae, P. multocida and M. hyorhinis present. The amounts of pneumonia in lungs with M. hyopneumoniae alone and in concurrence with P. multocida, were 9.3% and 15.6%, respectively. M. hyorhinis was also, in this study, associated with higher frequency of diffuse pleuritis. These findings indicate that M. hyorhinis might be involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in slaughter pigs. Ninety-six per cent of the isolates of P. multocida from pneumonic lungs could be characterized as type A. In the herds which had the most severe pneumonia problems, toxin production was detected in 83% of the P. multocida strains while only 28% were toxigenic in herds with subclinical to moderate pneumonia problems.
An abattoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. III. Serological findings and their relationship to pathomorphological and microbiological findings.
Blood samples from 777 pigs, originating from 9 different herds, were collected at slaughter and examined for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and the complement fixation (CF) test, respectively. Results were compared to pathological and microbiological findings. Antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae in positive titers of 1/80 or higher were found in 62% of the samples. The relationship between positive IHA titers to M. hyopneumoniae and gross findings indicative of enzootic pneumonia of pigs (EPP), histological findings indicative of EPP, the isolation of M. hyopneumoniae and the demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae by indirect immunofluorescent testing ranged from 64% to 68%. No correlation was noted between positive IHA titers and the isolation of Mycoplasma flocculare. Positive antibody titers to A. pleuropneumoniae of 1/10 or higher were detected in 5% to 85% of the samples from individual herds. Positive titers to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 were found in 71% to 79% of the sampled animals from herds with high frequencies of pneumonic lesions indicative of pleuropneumonia. In herds with low frequencies of pleuropneumonia, positive titers were recorded in from 0 to 4% of the tested pigs. However, no statistical association was found between pleuropneumonia and positive titers to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in individual animals. Twenty-one per cent of samples with positive CF titers to A. pleuropneumoniae showed antibodies to more than one serotype.
Disease conditions diagnosed in culled adult cattle sent to an abattoir either with or without a veterinary certificate.
Lesions were detected in 208 culled cattle examined at a slaughterhouse. Eighty-two of them had a veterinary certificate, and 30 of these had been slaughtered on the farm. The principal diagnoses included lameness (88 cases), mastitis (35), chronic infections (32), complications of parturition (20) and fractures and dislocation (14). Most of the 126 animals sent for slaughter by farmers without a veterinary certificate were suffering from lameness (71), mastitis (29) or chronic infections (18). Over 90 per cent of the animals with complications of parturition or traumatic injury had a veterinary certificate. The carcases of 33 (26 per cent) of the animals sent for slaughter without a veterinary certificate were rejected by the meat inspector, and 29 (35 per cent) of those with a veterinary certificate were rejected; the difference was not statistically significant.
A critical assessment of abattoir surveillance as a screening test for swine ascariasis.
The following data on ascarid burden were collected on an individual basis for 380 hogs marketed in the fall of 1987: a series of fecal ascarid-egg counts during the growing period; the level of milk spot lesions on the liver at slaughter; and the number of ascarids in the small intestines at slaughter. The presence of milk spots had a high sensitivity, very low specificity, and a high negative predictive value as a screening test for ascariasis in individual hogs. Results were consistent whether ascariasis was measured as the presence of intestinal ascarids at slaughter (sensitivity 91%, specificity 22%, negative predictive value 82%), or by a positive fecal egg count during the hog's lifetime (sensitivity 96%, specificity 24%, negative predictive value 93%). The presence of milk spots does not necessarily indicate that an ascarid infection has been established in the small intestine. The absence of milk spots, however, is a reliable indicator of the absence of an established ascarid infection, provided that the prevalence of ascariasis is equal to or less than that observed in this study. The severity of the ascarid infection in an individual hog could not be ascertained by the number of milk spot lesions on the liver.
The value of crude protein content and in vitro pepsin digestibility of abattoir by-product meals in the prediction of their available protein content.
Amino acid composition of meat-and-bone meals, poultry by-product meals, blood meals, bone meals and feather meals showed characteristic differences. Meat-and-bone meals and blood meals had surplus in lysine, whereas poultry by-product meals and feather meals were relatively rich in cystine. Blood meals had high levels of branched-chain amino acids as compared to isoleucine. In vitro pepsin digestibility of meat-and-bone meals (79.9 +/- 17.7%; n = 24) and blood meals (95.8 +/- 4.2%; n = 11) was found to be higher than that of poultry by-product meals (65.3 +/- 7.7%; n = 14) or feather meals (44.7 +/- 9.2%; n = 16). Pepsin digestibility of poultry by-product meals showed a significant negative correlation with crude protein content (r = -0.73; P less than 0.05; n = 14). However, in vitro pepsin digestibility of poultry by-product meals as well as meat-and-bone meals, blood meals and feather meals, showed insignificant correlations with NPU indices as well as with available crude protein contents of the meals. The NPU values of meat-and-bone meals for rats (29.9 +/- 11.7; n = 100) were lower than those of poultry by-product meals (52.1 +/- 7.1; n = 14). The NPU values of blood meals (6.4 +/- 5.6; n = 11) and feather meals (23.5 +/- 10.0; n = 16), determined as sole sources of protein, were low and they did not elicit weight gain in rats. The available crude protein content of poultry by-product meals (34.3 g/100 g +/- 3.6; n = 14) was higher than that of meat-and-bone meals (17.0 g/100 g +/- 7.3; n = 100).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Karlsruhe: the activities of an abattoir laboratory].
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[The historical development of meat inspection and abattoirs].
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[Viruses in fluid and solid manure and in waste water from abattoirs].
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[Sanitation of abattoirs of cattle, sheep and swine].
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Prevalence of disease conditions and pregnancy in sheep and goats seen over a three year period in Enugu abattoir, Nigeria.
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Swine ascariasis: impact on production and abattoir surveillance.
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[Epidemiology of bovine and porcine cysticercosis in Chile. Tendencies of the prevalence rates, in animals slaughtered in abattoirs of the country. 1977-1986].
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