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PubMed1994

Sex hormones in papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland and pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.

This is a histologic study using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for demonstration of estradiol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone in the normal thyroid gland and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland as well as in the normal parotid gland and pleomorphic adenomas. The results show that the normal follicular epithelia of the thyroid gland and the intercalated, striated ducts in the parotid gland stained for sex hormones. Estradiol was positive in both thyroid and parotid gland tissue in females and males. In females, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were not recognized in the thyroid gland tissue and were only weakly present or negative in parotid gland tissue. In males, both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were positive. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland were positive for estradiol but not for testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. This suggests that there is a sex difference in the influence of sex hormones on the normal thyroid and parotid glands, and that estradiol exerts an influence on papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of proliferating activity of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the salivary glands--using anti BrdU monoclonal antibody].

Salivary gland tumors present diverse histopathological aspects and show various biological behavior. At present, the immunohistological method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies, which was originated in the field neurosurgery, has been tried extensively in various fields of medicine. Using this method, the authors have attempted to detect biological characteristics of salivary gland tumor tissues, especially those of pleomorphic adenomas. The labelling index (L.I.) is defined as the percentage of the labelled cells (proliferating cells) in the tumor tissue. In order to confirm the usefulness of the L.I. for measuring the proliferating activity of tumor tissue, an investigation was conducted with respect to squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, excluding salivary gland tumors. The results indicate that the L.I. is highly correlated with the differentiation of these carcinomas. In salivary gland tumors, values of the L.I. are also higher for benign tumors than for normal or inflammatory tissues and the values were even higher for malignant tumors. Values of the L.I. are low for pleomorphic adenomas, which are the majority of salivary gland tumors, as well as for other benign tumors. However considerable individual variabilities, are bound for pleom. ad. and the values of the L.I. are markedly high in some cases. These high values are particularly common in patients with whom strong positivity in Ga scintigraphy, or primary growth in the submandibular glands are found. The localization of proliferating cells shows a characteristic pattern in each type of tumor tissue. In pleomorphic adenomas, proliferating cells are sporadically distributed but the main growth is located at the site of the epithelioid proliferative region, excluding the duct-forming locus. However, the overall proliferating activity of myxochondromatous tumors is not generally low, and the proliferating activity is not particularly high in the region of infiltrating is the capsule.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1991

[Clinico-pathological findings of recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland].

We analyzed the clinical courses and pathological findings of six recurrent benign pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, compared with fifty-nine primary pleomorphic tumors. Primary cases were treated with extirpation of a tumor nodule with a surrounding area of parotid tissue with preservation of the facial nerve. Of the 59 patients, 42 who had follow-up information have had no recurrent tumors during a average 6.6 years follow up period. On the other hand, all six recurrent cases had received surgical enucleation or excisions elsewhere. To avoid the recurrence of the primary pleomorphic adenoma it was considered to be very important to remove a tumor completely without damaging the tumor capsule. CT scan is very useful to know the relationship between the recurrent tumor and the surrounding important organs. In order to determine the surgical approach and procedures for those cases, it is important to obtain the information of the previous pathological diagnosis or surgical procedures. For the recurrent tumor, complete extirpation of the tumor and surrounding operative scar was necessary for the management of the tumor. When the tumor was tightly adhesive with the facial nerve, sacrifice of the nerve and immediate nerve transplantation might be required.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1992

[Immunohistochemical study of basement membrane in pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: comparison between primary treated tumor and recurrent tumor].

We immunohistochemically investigated the distributions of components of the basement membrane (BM) (type IV collagen and laminin) and alpha smooth muscle actin in twelve primary pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, as compared with six recurrent benign pleomorphic tumors (recurrent type). There were no differences between the two types of the tumor in the distributions of the BM components and actin, whereas the recurrent type of tumor have numerous myxochondroid areas histologically. The localization of type IV collagen in the tumor tissue was almost the same as that of laminin. Actin was identified in the occasional myoepithelial cell. In the tumor tissues, the components of BM were most densely localized in the areas surrounding solid clusters of epithelial cells, outer cells of glandular structures and occasional cells in the myxoid area, but the stroma of the myxochondroid areas did not take up stain. BM was densely defined between the tumor capsule and epithelial cells, but the tumor capsule was not bordered by myxochondroid areas with BM. These results suggest that loss of BM between the capsule and myxochondroid areas may be one of the causes of postoperative recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas.

Actins↗
PubMed2026

Spindle Cell Predominant Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma (WHO Grade 3) With Focal Piloid Features: A Rare Case Study With Comprehensive Molecular Profiling.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic tumor of the central nervous system. The typical form demonstrates relatively low-grade histologic features, whereas an anaplastic variant shows more aggressive behavior, including increased mitotic activity and necrotic changes. These tumors are often associated with alterations involving key growth signaling pathways and cell cycle regulatory genes, with molecular features that may resemble those seen in other high-grade astrocytic neoplasms. We describe an unusual example of an anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma showing focal piloid differentiation. The patient presented with acute neurologic symptoms, and imaging demonstrated a large, enhancing, well-circumscribed cerebral lesion with limited surrounding edema. Histologic evaluation revealed a highly cellular astrocytic neoplasm composed of spindle-shaped cells with marked pleomorphism, including scattered multinucleated forms, brisk mitotic activity, and necrotic areas. At the periphery, regions with elongated bipolar glial cells and occasional cytoplasmic inclusions suggestive of piloid morphology were identified. Molecular analysis demonstrated an activating alteration in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway along with additional genomic abnormalities, while mutations commonly associated with diffuse gliomas were not detected. The presence of piloid features within an otherwise anaplastic tumor is rare and may be relevant to the relatively favorable outcome observed during extended follow-up.

anaplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity. A case report].

We present an extremely rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity in a 31-year old woman who when to consultation because of right nasal obstruction. The radiologic discoveries by computerized tomography showed a tumor of the right nasal cavity with septal lysis. Incisional biopsy was done, with a histopathological report of pleomorphic adenoma. Later, surgical exeresis of the neoplasm was perform with the facial degloving technique and the histology revealed pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2000

[The case of giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland with the malignancy features].

The aim of the study was showed the case of patient aged 41 years, treated in the Otolaryngology Department of Military Medical Academy because of giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland with the malignancy features. After performed of the BAC of tumour, the CT of neck and the scintigraphy of salivary glands the patient qualified for operation. The tumour resected with capsule and the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland, conservating of function of the facial nerve. The histopathologic examination proved the mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the pleomorphic adenoma didn't infiltrate of capsule. After oncologic consultation the patient had not of complementary radiotherapy, because the operation was radical and the carcinoma had a low radiosensitivity. The above mentioned case confirms of the reports, that the pleomorphic adenoma can undergo of malignancy changes, however the gigantic tumour doesn't write off possibility of operating success.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2001

[Subglottic pleomorphic adenoma].

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of major salivary glands, but it is unusual into the larynx. The AA. expose a case of a 74-year-old man who consulted for dysphonia and diagnosed as having a subglottic pleomorphic adenoma. The patient needed an urgent tracheotomy owing to the dyspnoea. Removal of the tumor was made through direct laryngoscopy. Literature on pleomorphic laryngeal adenoma is reviewed.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2000

[An electron microscopic histochemical study on the fibrous formation in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland].

OBJECTIVE: To study the kinds of fibers and mechanism of fibrous formation in myxochondroid tissue of pleomorphic adenoma. METHODS: Eight cases of pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland were studied by histological and electron microscopic histochemical techniques. RESULTS: The histological study showed that collagenous fibers and elastic fibers which constituted the trestle were distributed in myxochondroid areas of pleomorphic adenoma. The electron microscopic histochemical study showed that the myxochondroid tissue contained slender collagen fibrils measuring 50 nm in diameter and heavily stained elastic fibers. In cytoplasm of the myxochondroid cells two types of the Golgi-derived vesicles were seen: one was small round vesicles with a uniform electron dense core of amorphous material and heavily stained; another type was small round vesicles with a non-uniform electron dense core of filamentous material and stained grey. These materials were released into the extracellular space by cytoplasmic exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: Neoplastic myoepithelial cells have the ability to synthesize and secrete procollagen and precursor of elastin, thus forming collagenous fibers and elastic fibers in myxochondroid areas.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraosseous pleomorphic adenoma: case report and review of the literature.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the salivary glands, affecting mainly the parotid gland. The preferential intraoral site of this tumor is the palate. A case of a 31-year-old woman with an intraosseous pleomorphic adenoma located in the maxilla (left paramedian region), showing an approximate evolution of one year is reported. The present intraosseous case represents a rare location, with the tumor probably originating from glandular epithelial remnants captured during embryogenesis. In a review of the literature of 142 cases of intragnathic localization (24% in the maxilla) are identified. A slight predominance of women was observed (56%), with 55% of the patients being affected during the 5th to 7th decade of life. The tumors were malignant in 94% of the cases, with special predominance of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (65%). Intraosseous pleomorphic adenomas are rare, with the present patient being the 6th case reported in the literature and the second found in the maxilla. Mean age of the 5 previously reported cases was 58.8 years.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2002

DNA cytometry in pleomorphic adenomas with cytologic atypia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nuclear DNA content of pleomorphic adenomas with cytologic atypia. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis was performed on new, fuchsin-stained samples of 10 selected cases of pleomorphic adenoma with cytologic atypia. Morphometric analysis was done by a computer-assisted image cytometry system and consisted of the determination of DNA indices, Auer DNA histogram types, and 3c and 5c exceeding rates. RESULTS: Eight cases were diploid and two cases aneuploid according to the DNA index. The Auer histogram was type I in five cases and type III in the others. In the two aneuploid cases the 3c exceeding rate was > 10% and the 5c exceeding rate > 1%. CONCLUSION: Atypical cells in pleomorphic adenomas with cytologic atypia carry abnormal amounts of DNA. Image cytometry can make detecting very low numbers of aneuploid cells easier due to its higher resolution as compared to that of flow cytometry.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2002

Surgical management of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to present an intraoral technique, which allows a wide local excision of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate with adequate mucosal and periosteal margins. STUDY DESIGN: Between September 1992 and May 1994 ten patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the palate were treated by one surgeon at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Jordan University of Science and Technology. A surgical technique, which was particularly useful for tumours extending into the soft palate, is described. RESULTS: Nine patients were aged between 15 and 25 years (mean age 20.1 years) and one patient was aged 50 years. Six of the patients were males. The tumour was removed from all ten patients by wide local excision with adequate margins, and after a follow-up period from 5 to 7 years (mean 6.3 years) there were no recurrences. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that wide local excision used for the treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate is to be recommended. A close follow-up is necessary postoperatively.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2003

[Twenty-four cases of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis 24 cases of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma in salivary gland. METHODS: The clinical data of 24 patients with carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma treated in our hospital from September 1974 to July 1995 were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 66.7%. The five-year survival rates of patients with carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma in the major and minor salivary glands were 63.6% and 2/2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Operation is the optimal treatment and extensive resection at the initial operation is suggested. For lumps in the submaxillary gland, preventive neck dissection should be considered. Postoperative radiotherapy can not improve the local-control rate.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous infarction of a parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma. Report of a case with cytologic and radiographic overlap with a primary salivary gland malignancy.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the parotid gland, generally presenting as a slowly enlarging, firm, well-circumscribed, painless nodule. Occasional cases have presented after a short period of rapid growth or have been associated with pain. The vast majority of these tumors are solid, but rare examples have been associated with cystic degeneration or hemorrhage. Spontaneous and tumor-associated infarction of the parotid has been reported, but these examples have been limited to infarctions of Warthin's tumors and postoperative infarctions of salivary glands. We present the case of a 48-year-old male with a one-year history of a painful, enlarging, left parotid mass associated with paresthesia of the tongue. Computed tomographic examination of the parotid demonstrated a left superficial lobe mass with a rim of enhancement and low attenuation center. Fine needle aspiration yielded necrotic debris and atypical squamous elements that were thought to be compatible with carcinoma. A superficial parotidectomy with intraoperative frozen section revealed a pleomorphic adenoma with extensive central necrosis. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of an infarcted pleomorphic adenoma and illustrates the potential for misinterpretation of these cytologic and radiologic findings as indicative of malignancy.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2003

[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the large intestine].

Pleomorphic carcinoma, firstly described in the lung, is exceptional in the digestive tract. This tumor is often associated with fever and peripheral blood leukocytosis. The histological feature is characterized by giant pleomorphic often multinucleated cells with dense neutrophil infiltration and frequent phagocytosis of neutrophils by the tumor cells. Expression of epithelial markers confirm the diagnosis. The prognosis is very poor. We hereby report one case of pleomorphic carcinoma unusually situated in the large intestine, emphasizing difficulties encountered in establishing diagnosis.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2004

[Study of the relative factors of the biological behavior of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid].

OBJECTIVE: To study the growth way of parotid pleomorphic adenoma and the relative factors. METHODS: The histological slides of 97 cases of the primary parotid pleomorphic adenoma were examined for the state of intra-capsule infiltration and extra-infiltration. The relative relationships between the infiltration state and the histological type, relative amount of various components, size and course of the tumor were analysed to investigate the growth way and relative factors. RESULTS: 1. There were more chances to develop infiltration of tumor in which the major content was epithelium. The tumor was severer with the increasing of epithelium, and decreasing of mucous content and elongation of course of the disease. 2. The limitation of the extra-envelop infiltration and budding was 0.085 - 0.210 mm, so, the boundary of partial parotidectomy should be away from the 1 cm envelop. CONCLUSION: The growth way of parotid pleomorphic adenoma is related to the histological types and characters, relative amount of various components and the course of the tumor.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

Minimally invasive surgery for parotid pleomorphic adenoma.

Compared with total parotidectomy and complete superficial parotidectomy for the removal of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma, partial superficial parotidectomy with dissection and preservation of the facial nerve--defined as the excision of a tumor with a 2-cm margin of normal parotid parenchyma except at the point where the tumor abuts the facial nerve--is associated with a lower incidence of transient facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, and subsequent Frey's syndrome. The partial procedure is not associated with any increase in recurrence, and it requires less operating time. The author hypothesized that the use of this procedure to remove a benign pleomorphic adenoma might result in even less morbidity (transient or permanent facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, Frey's syndrome, and hypoesthesia) without increasing the risk of recurrence if only a 1-cm margin of normal parotid parenchyma was removed and if the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve were preserved To test this hypothesis, the author conducted a retrospective study of 30 patients--15 who had undergone the standard partial procedure (2-cm margin with great auricular nerve sacrifice) and 15 who had undergone the modified version (1-cm margin with great auricular nerve preservation). After a mean follow-up of 10 years, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, Frey's syndrome, and recurrence. Moreover, preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve did not prevent alterations in sensitivity (i.e., hypoesthesia) in 7 of the 15 patients (46.7%). Although a 1-cm area of normal parotid parenchyma around a benign pleomorphic adenoma was a safe margin, it was no better than a 2-cm margin in terms ofmorbidity and recurrence. Preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve will result in an objective reduction in hypoesthesia in approximately half of patients, but because it does not ensure freedom from sensitivity alterations in all cases, patients should be advised of the risk of postoperative numbness in the earlobe and the infraauricular area.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland. Case report.

Salivary glands are sites for a great variety of tumors. The parotid gland is the most common site followed by the submandibular gland. The pleomorphic adenoma represents the 60-70% of all tumors involving the major salivary glands, while the submandibular gland is involved in 8% of cases. The pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland is rare and can present difficulty in diagnosis. The heterogeneous histology, a possible malignant transformation, an incomplete capsule that can determine a recurrence, are the most important characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma. A complete surgical removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice. In the case presented, the mass showed an unusual vascularization and remarkable dimensions.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗