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PubMed2006

Genotyping of pathogenic Acanthamoebae isolated from clinical samples in Greece--report of a clinical isolate presenting T5 genotype.

Amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are potentially pathogenic to humans, causing mainly amoebic keratitis. Pathogenic ability of the 15 known Acanthamoeba genotypes is under investigation. We report that four out of five cases of amoebic keratitis studied in Greece, present T4 sequence type, while the remaining one presents T5 sequence type (Acanthamoeba lenticulata), which is the second most frequent genotype found among environmental samples. Thus, it is confirmed, for the first time to our knowledge, that A. lenticulata can cause keratitis. However the reason that it is under represented in clinical samples compared to environmental ones is unknown.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed2004

Genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes food isolates and pathogenic potential within serovars 1/2a and 1/2b.

A total of 39 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw milk, smoked meat, chicken carcass and reference strains, belonging to serovars 1/2a, 4a, 1/2b, 3b and 4b, were analysed by RAPD and by polymorphisms of the virulent genes inlAB and iap. Ten isolates, belonging to serovars 1/2a and 1/2b and, collected from raw milk and smoked meat, were further tested for pathogenicity by IP injection into mice. The clustering of the 39 L. monocytogenes strains in 3 groups at 0.45 similarity level, based on molecular typing, was observed. Distribution of serovars in these clusters was in agreement with the proposed three Listeria monocytogenes lineages. Within serovar 1/2b, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) ranged from 8.4 x 10(4) to 1.7 x 10(6) cfu.ml(-1). One of the serovar 1/2b strains, isolated from smoked meat, exhibited the lowest virulence potential evaluated by LD50 and by mean time to death (MTD) and, from this point of view, was completely different from the other strains. Our results suggest the existence of heterogeneity in virulence levels within serovars 1/2a and 1/2b. However, when comparing the isolates based on genotyping, virulence indicators and food origin, no relation could be assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1991). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on 632 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 11 hospitals during the period from June, 1991 to May, 1992. 1. Distribution of sex, age and infections Among over forties males, the majority was taken by complicated urinary tract infections. Among females, the uncomplicated urinary tract infections was most frequent without a relation of age. 2. Distribution of sex, age and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated without a relation of age, and next Enterococcus faecalis in over fifties. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, E. coli and E. faecalis were isolated with a frequency of 17.4-26.6%, respectively. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, E. faecalis were most frequently isolated, and next Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Administration of antibiotics and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, pathogens, after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients have obviously decreased from 319 to 34 isolates. And also, pathogens of complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, have decreased from 122 to 49 isolates. However, in complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, pathogens after or before administration of antibiotics, were not revealed an obvious change. 4. Pathogens and UTIs with or without factor and operation In uncomplicated UTIs with or without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter and with or without factor and operation, E. faecalis and E. coli were mainly detected. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter and with factor and operation, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were detected, 24.3% and 22.9%, respectively. Without factor and operation, E. faecalis was detected 18.4%, and next Klebsiella spp. 15.8%. And the distribution of pathogens after administration of antibiotics was similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1992). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on 913 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 11 hospitals during the period from June, 1992 to May, 1993. 1. Distribution of sex, age and infections Among over forties males, the majority was taken by complicated urinary tract infections. Among females, the uncomplicated urinary tract infections was most frequent without a relation of age. 2. Distribution of sex, age and pathogens isolated from UTIs IN uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated without a relation of age, and next CNS in under fifties. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated with a frequency of 12-28%, respectively. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most frequently isolated, and next E. faecalis. 3. Administration of antibiotics and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, pathogens, after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients have obviously decreased from 306 to 44 isolates. And also, pathogens of complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, have decreased from 217 to 76 isolates. However, in complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, pathogens after or before administration of antibiotics, were not revealed an obvious change. 4. Pathogens and UTIs with or without factor and operation In uncomplicated UTIs with or without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter and with or without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter and with factor and operation, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were detected, 19.6% and 16.0%, respectively. Without factor and operation, P. aeruginosa was detected, 28.9%, and next E. faecalis 13.3%. The distribution of pathogens after administration of antibiotics was similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Antifungal susceptibility testing of commensal and pathogenic clinical isolates of oral Candida].

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the sensitivity and resistance of commensal and pathogenic oral Candida to antifungal agents. METHODS: YBC Test Kit was used to identify species of commensal and pathogenic oral Candida; The in vitro susceptibilities of oral Candida to 5-flucytosine (5-FC), itraconazole (ITR) and fluconazole (FLU) were determined by NCCLS M27-A2 method. RESULTS: All strains were sensitive to 5-flucytosine, drug resistant strains to fluconazole and itraconazole were found both in commensal and pathogenic oral Candida spp; The proportion of no-C. albicans and antifungal drug resistant strains isolated from head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy were higher than oral commensal Candida and oral Candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The no-C. albicans and drug resistant strains to fluconazole and itraconazole can be found both in commensal and pathogenic oral Candida spp now.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of pathogens other than Yersinia pestis during plague investigations.

From 1975 to 1978, 37 isolates of Pasteurella multocida, 1 of Salmonella enteriditis, and 5 of Francisella tularensis were recovered from 42 mammalian specimens and 1 flea pool submitted for examination for evidence of infection with Yersinia pestis. Most of the specimens were collected during investigations of either a human plague infection or a reported epizootic among rodent populations. All specimens were of species regularly or occasionally involved in plague or tularemia cycles in nature and most were collected in areas of known plague or tularemia activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria isolated from stool cultures by a standardized micromethod].

We evaluate a new and quick micromethod which detect strains of Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia from suspected colonies isolated of stool specimens. In our study, from 2 384 non pathogen bacteria or as Salmonella. And we determined 297 strains of Salmonella, two hours after isolation on selective medium. This method is very easy and permits to have a rapid diagnostic of strains of Salmonella.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

Community-based treatment of acute uncomplicated bacterial rhinosinusitis with gatifloxacin.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate gatifloxacin in adults with acute uncomplicated bacterial rhinosinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: TeqCES was an open-label, multicenter, noncomparative study of the safety and efficacy of gatifloxacin. More than 11,000 adult patients with acute uncomplicated rhinosinusitis received gatifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 10 days. RESULTS: Moraxella catarrhalis (91% beta-lactamase producers), Haemophilus influenzae (28% beta-lactamase producers), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18% intermediately resistant and 14% fully resistant to penicillin), and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant pathogens isolated from purulent nasal discharge. More than 99% of rhinosinusitis pathogens isolated from the nasopharynx of patients meeting the clinical criteria for rhinosinusitis were susceptible to gatifloxacin. Among 10,353 patients whose clinical response could be determined, 91.6% were cured. Clinical cure rates exceeded 90% for the major pathogens. Gatifloxacin was well tolerated; drug-related adverse events that occurred in 1% or more of patients were nausea (4.4%), dizziness (1.8%), diarrhea (1.4%), and headache (1.0%). CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin is effective for patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in the community.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Supplemental complement component C9 enhances the capacity of neonatal serum to kill multiple isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Previous studies demonstrated that, compared with adult serum, neonatal serum contained a diminished concentration of complement component C9 and that supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill an isolate of Escherichia coli. Therefore, experiments were designed to determine the mechanisms by which supplemental C9 enhances the bactericidal capacity of neonatal serum and to determine whether supplemental C9 enhances the capacity of neonatal serum to kill several different pathogenic strains of E. coli. A radiobinding assay and immunogold electron microscopy using a monoclonal anti-C9 antibody revealed that, compared with 40% adult serum, neonatal serum deposited a diminished quantity of C9 onto E. coli O7w:K1:NM. Supplemental C9 (75 mg/L) significantly enhanced the quantity of C9 deposited by the neonatal serum. Treatment with 10 mM MgEGTA (a mixture of 100 mM MgCl2 and 100 mM EGTA that blocks activation of the classic complement pathway but leaves the alternative pathway intact) abolished the capacity of neonatal serum to deposit C9 and to kill the bacteria. Supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill eight different blood isolates of E. coli. Therefore, supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill E. coli by increasing the total quantity of C9 deposited via activation of the classic complement pathway. Neonatal serum contained sufficient quantities of classic pathway components, other than C9, to deposit the supplemental C9 onto E. coli and to enhance bacterial killing. The bactericidal activity of neonatal serum against multiple isolates of pathogenic E. coli was increased after C9 supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[In vitro activity of biapenem (BIPM) against clinically isolated respiratory pathogens in 1996-1998].

The in vitro antibacterial activity of biapenem (BIPM), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was compared with those of imipenem (IPM), panipenem (PAPM), meropenem (MEPM), ceftazidime (CAZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) against 280 isolates of 9 respiratory pathogens. The MIC90s of biapenem (BIPM) for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae were 0.12, 32, 0.25, 0.06, 4 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. In comparison with other antibiotics, the activity of biapenem (BIPM) for P. aeruginosa was as potent as meropenem (MEPM), but for H. influenzae it was slightly less than those of other antibiotics, and for other respiratory pathogens it was as potent as those of other antibiotics. The MIC90s of biapenem (BIPM) for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens were 0.06, 1, 1, 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively, and which were equal to or somewhat lower than those of other antibiotics. Biapenem (BIPM) showed strong activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, especially P. aeruginosa in general. Based on these results, biapenem (BIPM) is seemed to be highly useful antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory infections with several organism.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2000

Carbon catabolite repression in plant pathogenic fungi: isolation and characterization of the Gibberella fujikuroi and Botrytis cinerea creA genes.

The creA genes of two plant pathogenic fungi, the gibberellin-producing rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi and the gray mold Botrytis cinerea, were isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences of both glucose repressors are 64% identical to each other and 59% (G. fujikuroi) and 61% (B. cinerea) identical to the CreA protein of Aspergillus nidulans. The zinc finger regions of the Gibberella and Botrytis CreA proteins shared 98% identity with the corresponding zinc finger region of the A. nidulans protein, and studies by complementation of a creA null mutant of A. nidulans showed that the proteins are functional homologues of A. nidulans CreA. Northern blot analysis revealed that creA transcript levels are independent of the carbon source in both fungi.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The virulence and colicinogenicity of pathogenic Escherichia isolated from water and human beings].

An analysis of virulence and colicinogenicity of 180 cultures of pathogenic Escherichia of different origin has shown that the expressed characters occurred in 40 +/- 49% of strains isolated from people and 28.7 +/- 5.1% of strains isolated from water. The dependence of the studied properties on serogroups of the agents is established. These characters are more often inherent in representatives of the dominating serogroups, which may be a reason of their selective advantage in circulation among people and in water.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1994). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on 628 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during period from June, 1994 to May, 1995. 1. Distributions of sex, age and urinary tract infections Among over sixties males, the majority was taken by complicated urinary tract infections. Among females, the uncomplicated urinary tract infections was most frequent without a relation of age. As for over 40 females, the increase of complicated UTI was admitted. 2. Distribution of sex, age and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated without a relation of age, and next Enterococcus faecalis and CNS. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. faecalis were isolated the most frequent. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, P. aeruginosa was most frequently isolated, and next E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Administration of antimicrobial agents and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, pathogens, after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients have obviously decreased from 216 to 32 isolates. And also, pathogens of complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, have decreased from 127 to 50 isolates. However, in complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, pathogens after or before administration of antibiotics, were not revealed an obvious change. 4. Pathogens and UTIs with or without factor and operation In uncomplicated UTIs with or without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter and with factor and operation E. faecalis was mainly detected, and next E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter and with factor and operation, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus were mainly detected at 23.5%, 15.0%, 15.0%, respectively. Without factor and operation, Proteus spp. 22%, and next E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa 10% and 12%, were detected, respectively. The distribution of pathogens, in the case of Proteus spp. and P. aeruginosa has been obviously varied by the influence of factor and operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alterations in penicillin-binding proteins of clinical and laboratory isolates of pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae with low levels of penicillin resistance.

Several recent surveys of clinical isolates have indicated that substantial fractions of naturally occurring populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae have undergone a distinct upward move in the required minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of benzylpenicillin (from a range of 0.006-0.008 to 0.03-0.05 microgram/ml). Evidence is presented that in clinical pneumococcal isolates, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) groups 1 and 2 have a decreased affinity for radioactive benzylpenicillin as compared with penicillin-sensitive isolates from the same locale. Exposure of a penicillin-sensitive type 2 strain (MIC, 0.006 microgram/ml) to sequentially increasing concentrations of penicillin allowed the isolation of spontaneous resistant mutants with stepwise increases in the MIC of penicillin required (0.01-0.02, 0.025-0.05, and 0.1 microgram/ml), and in these laboratory isolates too, PBP groups 1 and 2 showed decreased affinity for labeled benzylpenicillin. DNA from the low-level resistant clinical or laboratory isolates could be used to transform the appropriate levels of penicillin resistance into penicillin-sensitive laboratory isolates. These findings suggest that significant fractions of natural pneumococcal populations may have acquired one or two of the low-level penicillin resistance genes.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

[Sensitivity to antibiotics and antibacterial preparations of conditionally pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with gastrointestinal tract dysfunctions].

Sensitivity of 690 cultures of the conditionally pathogenic microbes of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae to 17 drugs was studied with the agar diffusion method. It was found that 98.6 per cent of the cultures had multiple resistance to 2--10 drugs. Most of the cultures were resistant to erythromycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin. Different species of the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were resistant to different numbers of the drugs. Thus, Ps. aeruginosa cultures were resistant to 6--10 drugs, the cultures of Citrobacter were resistant to 3--8 drugs and the cultures of Kl. pneumonia were resistant to 2--5 drugs. Levomycetin, tetracycline, streptomycin and biseptol proved to be the most active antibacterial drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of impetigo and ecthyma.

A comparison of the treatment of superficial skin infections using intramuscular benzathine penicillin G alone or combined with hexachlorophene scrubbing was conducted in 127 children. Of 72 children treated with benzathine penicillin alone, 94.4 percent had a good result. Of the 55 children receiving hexachlorophene scrubbing in addition to penicillin, 85.5 percent had a good result. The healing rate was higher (93 percent) in those children whose skin cultures grew Group A beta hemolytic streptococci. When staphylococcus aureus was the only pathogen isolated, the healing rate was 86 percent. Regardless of the pathogens isolated, the healing rate was not increased with scrubbing. Since scrubbing with hexachlorophene offered no improvement in the healing rate and since it adds to the expense and discomfort of treatment, it should be eliminated as part of the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute otitis media. A clinical bacteriological and serological study of children with frequent episodes of acute otitis media.

A series of episodes of acute otitis media was studied with reference to bacterial findings and specific serological responses in 48 children with histories of frequent episodes before. D. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Re-isolations after therapy were often made in episodes with slow healing or therapeutic failure. Most children harboured pathogens in nasopharynx even when they had no signs of respiratory tract infections. Homologous relapses were seen only in few cases and never with pneumococcus type 3 and only once with H. influenzae type b. Specific serological responses were demonstrable generally in children over 2 years of age. D. pneumococcus type 3 and H. influenzae type b generally provoked antibody response. No levels indicating immunoglobulin deficiencies could be found in the children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and pathogenicity of Australian strains of Eimeria praecox and Eimeria mitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of E praecox and E mitis in Australia, to isolate representative strains of these species from chickens and determine their pathogenicity. DESIGN: Morphological, physiological and cross protection studies were undertaken to confirm the identity of Australian isolates of E praecox and E mitis. PROCEDURE: Oocysts were isolated from a backyard flock at Jimboomba, southeastern Queensland and numbers of E praecox and E mitis enriched by passage in chickens immune to five other species of poultry Eimeria. Oocysts of mean conformation and size of the two species were purified by single oocyst passage. Two isolates that closely matched recorded parameters for E praecox and E mitis were selected and designated JP and JM respectively. The cross protection between the isolates and E acervulina was determined by infection and challenge experiments. The virulence of the two isolates was determined by comparing weight gains of groups of birds inoculated with JP isolate or JM isolate with untreated groups. RESULTS: Isolates JP and JM most closely matched recorded parameters of E praecox and E mitis respectively. Groups of chickens, previously infected with JP and JM isolates, showed no significant protection against infection with E acervulina. In a separate trial, groups of susceptible chickens inoculated with 10(5) oocysts of JP and JM isolates showed significantly reduced weight gains compared with untreated controls. CONCLUSION: Isolates JP and JM are E praecox and E mitis respectively, confirming the presence of these species in Australia. These isolates were found capable of causing significant reductions in weight gains in susceptible chickens.

Animals↗